定语从句讲解(定语从句讲解ppt课件)

更新时间:2023-03-01 08:38:52 阅读: 评论:0

定语从句的用法讲解

定语从句是高中英语的重要语法项目之一,它的结构和用法比较复杂。我们应从哪些方面有效地复习定语从句呢?下面就是我给大家带来的定语从句的用法讲解,希望大家喜欢!

[定语从句的种类]

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是 句子 不可缺少的部分,如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,一般不用that引导,关系词不可省略。如:

This is the book that I want to read. (限制性)

Tom’s father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. (非限制性)

非限制性定语从句的先行词成分可以是整个主句,非限制性定语从句常用which引导,修饰整个句子。定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

在定语从句中,who和that既可作主语又可作宾语,whom只可作宾语(作宾语时可以省略)。如:

Is he the man who/that wants to e you? (who/that在从句中作主语)

The man (whom/who/that) you spoke to just now is our English teacher. (whom/who/that在从句中作宾语,可省略)

[who]

在定语从句中作定语,可用来指人或物,表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。如:John, who wife is ill, can’t come to the party.

[which & that]

which和that指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。如:

Plea show me the radio that/which you have just bought. (that/which在从句中作宾语,可省略)

This is the film that/which created a great nsation. (that/which在从句中作主语)

只能用that而不能用which的情况:

1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如:This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever ud.

2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如:The first thing that we should do is to get some food.

3. 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时,或是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如:Tom told his father all that had happened.

There is little that I can do for you.

4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如:They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.

5. 先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰时。如:This is the very book that I want to have.

6. 在which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复。如:Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?

7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:China is not the country that it was.

只能用which,不能用that的情况:

1. 在非限制性定语从句中。如:Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long histroy.

2. 在介词后面,即“介词+which(指物)”。如:This is the hou in which we lived three years ago.

[as]

关系代词as代替的先行词是人或物的名词, 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

as引导限制性定语从句时,常和such, the same, as(so)连用, 构成such ... as, the same ... as, as/so ... as等结构,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如:

Don’t trust such men as prai you to your face. (在定语从句中作主语)

I have the same trouble as you have. (在定语从句作宾语)

It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever en. (在定语从句作宾语)

但是当先行词被the same修饰时,that也可以引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。the same ... as(指同样或同类的), the same ... that(指同一个)。例如:

This is the same watch as I lost.

This is the same watch that I lost.

as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,放在句首、句中或句末。如:

As is known to us all, smoking is harmful to one’s health. (指代整个主句,在从句中做主语)

He is late, as is often the ca. (指代整个主句,在从句中做主语)

Light, as everybody knows, travels much faster than sound. (指代整个主句,在从句中做宾语)

as和which作关系代词的用法比较:

which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后,which指代前面的一个句子或主句中的某一成分;as引导的非限定性定语从句能放在主句之前、中、后,既可指前面已经提到的情况,也可指后面提到的情况。

as引导从句时,有“为人所熟知”的含义,which则没有这层意思。as引导的从句往往表示的是一种附加说明,which引导的从句一般是较为重要的陈述。如:

His mother is ill, which makes him very sad.

As is expected, the England team won the football match.

[关系副词引导的定语从句]

关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语, 相当于“介词+which”结构。例如:

I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked in the factory.

This is the village where /in which he was born.

I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today.

[判定用关系代词还是用关系副词]

关系代词与关系副词的选用,应看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语或定语,则用关系代词who,whom,that,which,who,as等;若作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词。如:

The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. (状语)

The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. (宾语)

Pisa is a city, which has a leaning tower. (主语)

Pisa is a city, where there is a leaning tower. (状语)

[介词+关系代词]

当关系代词作介词宾语时,就出现了“介词+关系代词”的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用“介词+which”,指人时用“介词+whom”,且关系代词不能省略。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题:

1. 介词的确定可以根据整个句意来确定。

Oxygen is a kind of gas, without which we couldn’t live.

2. 介词可以根据与先行词的搭配来确定。

He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. (动词与介词搭配)

1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. (名词与介词搭配)

The snake, of which she ud to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (形容词与介词搭配)

定语从句的用法讲解相关 文章 :

1. 英语中as引导的定语从句的相关讲解

2. 定语从句中关系词的用法讲解

3. 英语定语从句的用法

4. 英语数词的分类和用法

5. 高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句

6. 考点初中英语定语从句的用法

7. 非限制性定语从句的用法讲解

8. 英语语法:定语从句

9. 定语从句语法知识点汇总


如何讲解定语从句

   一、定义: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的'词之后,作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:

  1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

  2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

  引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格who)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:

  1、引导定语从句

  2、代替先行词

  3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

   二、关系代词引导的定语从句

  1、who指人,在从句中做主语

  (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

  2.、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

  (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

  (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

   三、定语从句的结构: 在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, who, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。

  结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

  1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.

  2. In Japan, someone who es another person making the gesture will think it means money.

  3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are bad on a common theme.

  4. The park has a conrvation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.

  5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have en their heroes do in the movie.

  6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman who ri to fame is an inspiring story.


英语定语从句用法详解

英语定语从句用法详解

  英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。下面网我为大家具体讲解下英语定语从句的用法,供大家参考。

   一、定语从句的有关概念

  所谓定语从句,就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句,首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。

  先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念,它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时,定语从句通常是后置的,所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

  那什么是关系词呢?其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上,英语中的各类从句,不管性质如何,它们都需要有一个词来“引导”,正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样,人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字,叫它关系词,因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,以表明两者之间的修饰关系,同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

   二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系

  为了更好地理解定语从句,我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前,我们先来看看关系词有哪些。

  根据关系词在定语从句中的作用,我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等,英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, who等。

  类似地,关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词,它们在引导定语从句的同时,还在定语从句中充当状语等,英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个,即when, where和why。

  许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊,关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单,简单得可以划一个等号。因为,关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词,它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解,下面我们来看几个例子吧。

  I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。

  这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词,who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句;在定语从句中,who是关系词,它在定语从句中用作主语,从意义上说,它在此所表示的意思与先行词the man等价,换句话说,上面这个句子与下面这个句子等价:I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人,它就住在隔壁。

  She will never forget the day when she got married. 她永远不会忘记她结婚的这一天。

  句中的the day为先行词,when she got married为修饰the day的定语从句;在定语从句中,when是关系词,它在定语从句中用作状语,从意义上说,它在此与“介词+先行词”所表示的意思等价,也就是说上面的句子与下面这个句子等价:She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. 她永远不会忘记这一天,在这一天她结婚了。

   三、定语从句的翻译

  许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。

  首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which, who, when, where, why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。

  前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。如:

  He showed me the article that he had written. 他把他写的文章拿给我看。

  句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。

  She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。

  句中的which arrived just now为修饰名词the train的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“刚才到的那列火车”,其中的关系代词which在此也译成了“的”字。

  Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。

  句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”,其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。

  That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。

  句中的when very few people go to work为修饰名词the day的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“没什么人去上班的日子”,其中的关系副词when在此也译成了“的”字。

  Give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

  句中的why we should help you为修饰名词one reason的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“我们应当帮助你的理由”,其中的关系副词why在此也译成了“的”字。

  当然,我们上面介绍的是翻译定语从句最简单同时也是最基本的方法,由于英语句子千变万化,定语从句的表现形式也灵活多样,有些含有定语从句的句子可能用此方法翻译会显得别扭,但只要掌握了这个基本的方法,再加上适当的变通,翻译定语从句也就不难了。

  四、定语从句中关系代词的省略

  省略关系代词最典型的情形就是当关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语的时候。在定语从句中能够用作宾语的关系代词有that, which, who, whom。如:

  Tho books (that) you lent me were very uful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。

  句中的(that) you lent me为修饰tho books的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句中用作动词lent的宾语,故可以省略。

  I wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me. 我戴着我妈留给我的项链。

  句中的(which) my mother had left me为修饰the necklace的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词which在定语从句中用作动词left的宾语,故可以省略。

  Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with? 你还记得那个跟我约会的小伙子吗?

  句中的(who, whom) I was going out with为修饰the boy的定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词who / whom在定语从句中用作句尾介词with的宾语,故可以省略。

  注意:我们说的关系代词的省略只限于限制性定语从句,在非限制性定语从句中,即使关系代词用作宾语也不能省略。另外,当关系代词直接用作介词后作宾语时,此时也不能省略。如:

  I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。

  此句中的关系代词which虽然也是用作宾语,但不能省略,因为它是直接跟在介词with后面作宾语。但是,如果将此句改写一下,将介词with置于句末,则可以将关系代词whom省略。如:

  I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books and music with. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。

  五、引导定语从句的主要关系代词

  1. that的用法

  that是所有关系代词中最常用的,它既可指人也可指物,既可用作主语也可用作宾语。如:

  This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。

  引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指事,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。

  They live in a hou that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。

  引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指物,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。

  The man that I saw told me to come here. 我见到的人让我到这里来。

  引导定语从句的关系代词that在此指人,且在定语从句中用作宾语,故可以省略。

  2. who / whom的用法

  关系代词who和whom均只能指人,不能指物;从理论上说,who是主格,在定语从句中用作主语;whom是宾格,在定语从句中用作宾语。但在实际运用中,除非是直接用作介词后作宾语,否则凡是用宾格whom的地方。如:

  I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人,他说认识你。

  引导定语从句的关系代词who在此指人,且在定语从句中用作主语,故不可以省略。

  She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。

  关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语,从理论上说应用whom,但也可以用who;由于是用作主语,所以它们也可以省略。

  注意,如果关系代词是直接用作介词后作宾语,不可以用who来代替whom。如:

  The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 我和她谈话的那个姑娘是我表妹。

  句中的whom直接用在介词to的后面作宾语,故不可省略。

  3. who的用法

  不要以为关系代词who只用于指人,其实它也可以用于指事物;who在定语从句中主要用作定语。如:

  He is the man who car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。

  It was an island who name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。

  第一句中的关系代词who指人,第二句中的关系代词who 指物。

   六、引导定语从句的主要关系副词

  1. when的用法

  关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词;在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的`意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:

  1988 was the year when he was born. 1988是他的出生年。

  句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年,英语习惯上用介词in,如in 1988, in 2008等,所以此处用in which。

  I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。

  句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天,英语习惯上用介词on,如on that day, on Friday等,所以此处用on which。

  Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start. 不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。

  句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句,关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻,英语习惯上用介词at,如at that time, at the moment等,所以此处用at which。

  2. where的用法

  关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语,表示地点,用以修饰表示地点的先行词;在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价),其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。如:

  What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字?

  句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示在住在某城市,英语习惯上说明live in a city,所以此处用at which。

  This cross marks the spot where she died. 这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。

  句中的where she died为修饰the spot的定语从句,关系副词where在此相当于at which。表示在在某一地点,英语习惯上说明at a spot,所以此处用at which。

  3. why的用法

  关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语,表示原因;why引导定语从句时,其先行词只有一个,那就是the reason;在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。如:

  The are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。

  句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句,关系副词why在此相当于for which。

  Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗?

  句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句,关系副词why在此相当于for which。

  why是一个比较特殊的关系副词,它引导定语从句时,除可换成for which外,有时也可换成that,甚至省略。如:

  他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

  正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.

  正:The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.

  正:The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.

  正:The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.

   七、限制性和非限制性定语从句

  根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。

  所谓限制性定语从句,它的作用是对先行词起修饰、限制或确定的作用,若去掉,先行词的意思就不明确,它是不可缺少的一部分,它与先行词的关系密不可分,不可用逗号将其分开。

  而非限制性定语从句的作用则只是对先行词起补充说明作用,它是可有可无的,与先行词关系松散,通常用逗号将其分开。因此,有无逗号通常是区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的重要标志。

  从所使用的关系词来看,在限制性定语从句中,that可以代替who, whom和which等,但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that。如:

  He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。

  句中的which引导非限制性定语从句,不可换成that。

  Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后来他遇到玛丽,玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。

  句中的who引导非限制性定语从句,不可换成that。

  另外,关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句;但关系副词why则只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。

  We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。

  Barbary  was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。

  以上两句中的关系副词when和where均引导非限制性定语从句。

   八、关系代词还是关系副词

  一般说来,当先行词是表示时间的名词时,其后要用关系副词when来引导定语从句;先行词是表示地点的名词时,其后要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。但这只是一般情况,有时会有特殊情况噢!不信你看看下面的句子:

  Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

  This is the hou that he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那座房子。

  这两句均含有定语从句,它们所修饰的先行词分别为the time和the hou,分别为表示时间和地点的名词,但为什么后面接的是关系代词that,而不是关系副词when和where呢?

  要弄清这个问题,我们先来回顾一下关系代词和关系副词的用法。前面我们讲到,关系代词具有代词的功能,在定语从句中可用作主语或宾语等;而关系副词则具有副词的功能,它们在定语从句中只能用作状语。所以,当我们要判断一个时间或地点名词后是用关系词that 还是关系副词when和where时,我们首先要明确关系词在定语从句是用作什么成分——用作主语或宾语,则用关系代词;用作状语,则用关系副词。

  现在我们再来分析一下上面的两个句子:

  在Don’t forget the time that I’ve told you中,定语从句that I’ve told you之所以要用that来引导,是因为从句中的动词told缺宾语,tell在此所用的句型是tell sb sth,所以定语从句要用关系代词引导。

  在This is the hou that he bought yesterday中,定语从句hat he bought yesterday之所以也要用that来引导,同时是因为从句中的动词bought缺宾语,所以定语从句也要用关系代词引导。

  确定用关系代词还是用关系副词的简便方法是:看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语,若缺,用关系代词;若不缺,用关系副词。

;

定语从句语法讲解

定语  定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“The man”、“The book”.如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸” 这就是一个定语从句.
代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致.1,who, whom, that  这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to e you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.(whom在从句中作宾语)
注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;whom在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.2,which、that 用来指物  (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which/that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which/that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which/that在从句中作宾语)
注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替.[1]3.who  (只用作定语)
“who”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语.
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.
3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略;
c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行
关系副词:在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/…… which(介词同先行词搭配)
1. “where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”引导.
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.
I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方.
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.
2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话.
分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
编辑本段关系副词的用法及说明关系副词why  关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语.如:
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来.
She didn’t tell me the reason why she refud the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因.
与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略.如:
That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一.
另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句.如:
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.
误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when  关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语.如:
There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了.
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点.
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等.如:
Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间.
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略.关系副词where  关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语.
与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语.
另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句.
一份整天坐办公桌前的工作.
非限制性定语从句  意义:
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,
3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语
whom指人  注意:关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略.
如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom”或“who”.
which 、that 通常指人也可指物  在定语从句中做定语,表所有.
“who”指物时通常以以下结构来代替:
that指人时  相当于“who”或者“whom”;指物时,相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”.
在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.
when指时间  在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用.
介词和关系代词  1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略.
2)“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语,且可以省略.例如:
(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.“which”不可省略.
(2)Tomorrow I will bring here 用,如:look for, look after, take care of等.
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T=正确)
F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”;指物时用“which”,不能用“that”;关系代词是所有格时用“who”
(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
The man famous.
(2)I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.关系代词  关系代词(一般情况下)“that”可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语.
“which”指物,在从句句中作主语;
“whom”在从句中作宾语;
“why”在从句中修语,先行词通常是“the reason”;
有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替.
例:A doctor who looks after people's health.
主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词判断介词和关系代词  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
判断改错:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
例. Is this the muum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
,解析: 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the muum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, who);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(“where”地点状语,“when”时间状语,“why”原因状语).
编辑本段关系词的选择只用that不用which  1)当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词修饰时,关系词用that不用which.
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that不用which.
4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.
5)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 只能用that只用who不用that  1)如果先行词是tho,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that.
2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.只用which不用that  1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.This the one of which I'm speaking.
2)非限定性定语从句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.Beijing,which was China‘s capital for more than 800years.
4)tho +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of tho goods which ll best.
5)先行词本身是that时.注意  1)there be句型中,指人用who指物用that.2)当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one.
2)当出现先行词+介词时,关系词只能用whom或which
编辑本段先行词和关系词  1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)
2)The parents will u what they have to nd their son to technical school. (“what”可以用“all that”代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句.因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有.将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”.An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surpri.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C.
此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰,而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选“he”句意不通.
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B
英语语法上行不通.
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B
“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语.但不同之处主要有两点:
(1)importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”.
(2)动词短语先行成分.
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替.“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.
(3)句子作先行成分.
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置.
由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.
2. 动词词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊.
3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等.
4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词.如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略.
2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语.如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”.如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
5."as"用法:
1)."as"引导限制性定语从句
a."such.as"
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
b."the same .as"
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分"the same...as"与"the same.that":两者都引导定语从句.that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个.as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个.举例:①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支.②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样.)
c."as...as"
As many children as came were given some cakes.
2)."as"引导非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the ca 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的
6. “which”在特殊从定法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(错)The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b)介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2)只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”.
(d)先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时.
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时,“that”可作关系副词,也可省略.
(h)主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时,避免重复要用“that”.
举例:
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
定语从句只能“that”引导的情况:
1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰.
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰.
The cond foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时,如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行词被only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”
“that”在作宾语时可省略.
(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系.
(1)The planeis clear. 同位语从句
2、定语从句由关系代for advice.
(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.
(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.
[定语从句]介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系副词不能省略.
2)“that”前不能有介词.
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换.例如:
This is the hou in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子.
This is the hou where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

定语从句语法讲解

  一、 知识点梳理

  充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。

  被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

  定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,由一定的连接词引导,连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,who)或关系副词(when,where,why)

  1、 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

  起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。(此类定语从句前后没有逗号)

  【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。

  ⑵非限定性定语从句

  与先行词之间的关系比较松散,只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。若省去,剩余部分意义仍然完整,表达清楚。(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开)

  【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very

  marvelous.

  你的作品人人欣赏,实在是太了不起了。

  Shakespeare , who plays are popular , was a great

  writer.

  莎士比亚是个伟大的作家,他的剧作很受欢迎。

  ⑶某些情况下,一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句,又可以作为非限定性定语从句,但二者含义有差别。

  【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.

  这里有十辆中国制造的车。 (这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车,它们都是中国制造的。 (这里只有十辆车)

  ⑷that和why一般不引导非限定性定语从句,其他引导限定性定语从句的关系代词和关系副词都可以引导非限定性定语从句。

  ⑴限定性定语从句

  【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的'哥哥在国外工作,他是一个工程师。

  Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful cityin Fujian Province.

  去年我游览了泉州,它是福建省一个漂亮的城市。

  ⑴which和that指物

  ① which和that引导的限定性定语从句表事物,可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语。当他们在宾语从句中做宾语时,that和which常可以省略。

  【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed forhundreds of years.

  我们必须尊重这里存在了数百年的习俗。 (做主语) This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.

  这就是我想买的那本书。 (做buy的宾语) 多数情况下,that和which 可以通用。

  ② 在下列几种情况下,引导定语从句的关系代词多用that,不用或少用which。

  a 先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词或the only , the very , the last等表绝对意义的词作修饰语。

  【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.

  这是世界上现存最老的一棵树。

  The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.

  他唯一感兴趣的事就是集邮。

  b 先行词为不定代词(anything , nothing , everything)或被little , few , much, any , no等修饰

  【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.

  他唱的所有的歌在这儿都很流行。

  Everything that should be done has been done..

  一切应该做的事情都已经做了。

  若先行词是something,定语从句用 that 和 which 都可以。 c 先行词既包括人又包括物

  【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they rememberedin England.

  他们谈起了记忆中在英国的人和事。

  d 当句中已有wh–疑问句,有时为了避免重复,用 that 引导定语从句而不用which。

  ③ 在下列几种情况下,一般使用which引导定语从句而不用that. a 引导非限定性定语从句。

  【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world ,is playing an important part in the world affairs. 中国是世界上第三大国家,它在国际事务中起着重要的作用。 b that和which 在从句中作介词的宾语。

  介词可以放在句末也可以提到关系代词前面。

  介词放在句末时,关系代词可用that 和which ,也可省略。

  介词提前到关系代词前时,只能用which 不能用that ,且which 不可省。

  【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles areopened with.

  =A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened. 开瓶器是一种用来开启瓶子的工具。

  c 当关系代词后面有插入语。

  【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad.

  我已经收到你的婚礼请柬。这个邀请,正如我所告诉你的,使我感到万分荣幸。

  d 若先行词是that,则用 which 引导定语从句。(that which的结构通常出现在谚语中)

  【eg】That which is evil is soon learned.

  坏事易学。

  ④ 先行词是way时,引导定语从句的关系代词有三种形式:in which / that或不用引导词。

  【eg】The way he speaks is unique.

  =The way that he speaks is unique.

  =The way in which he speaks is unique.

  他说话的方式很奇特。

  ⑵who,whom 和that指人。

  ① who和that在从句中既可做主语又可做宾语

  whom 在从句中只可用做宾语。

  当who , whom和that在从句中做宾语时,可以省略。

  【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over

  there?

  你认识在那边和John说话的那个女孩吗?

  The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.

  刚才和你说话的那个是我们的老师。

  ② who , whom , that在从句中都可作介词的宾语。

  介词可位于句末也可提到关系代词前。

  介词位于句末时,关系代词可用who , whom或that,也可省略。 介词提到关系代词前时,只能用whom不能用that和who,并且whom不可省。

  (注意与2/⑴/③/b类比)

  【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher.

  =The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个人是我们的老师。

  ⑶ who指人或指物,充当名词的修饰语,表示所属关系。

  “who+名词”=“名词+ of which”二者意思相同,可互换。

  【eg】Look at the hou who windows are round.

  =Look at the hou the windows of which are round. 看那座窗户是圆形的房子。

  ⑷ as引导的定语从句

  ① 先行词有such 或the same 修饰,或者在as/so as 的结构中,都可用as

  做关系代词来引导限定性定语从句。

  【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.

  我想买一支和你用的那支一样的笔。

  He ud such expressions as he could find in the texts. 他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。

  当the same修饰先行词时,引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可用that。

  区别:that引导的定语从句表示它所表述的事物与先行词是同一个。

  as既可以表示“同一个”又可以表示“同类”。

  【eg】This is the same book that I have lost.

  这就是我丢失的那本书。

  This is the same book as I have lost.

  这本书和我丢失的那本一模一样。

  ② as引导非限定性定语从句。

  as引导非限定性定语从句,修饰的是前面的整个句子。

  which 也有这种用法,两者在大部分情况下可互换。

  【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could e from her swollen eyes.

  她刚刚哭过,我从她红肿的眼睛就可以看出。

  As is known to all , China is the third largest country in the world.

  众所周知,中国是世界上第三大繁荣国家。

  which引导非限定性定语从句和引导的非限定性定语从句的区别: a which从句只能放在句末,而as从句可位于句首、句中、句末。

  【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer. 众所周知,马克吐温是一位伟大的作家。

  b 当主句是否定句时,as不能用 which 来替换。as从句所修饰的范围并不包括主句的否定意义。

  【eg】Spiders are not incts , as many people think. 蜘蛛并非像许多人所想的那样是昆虫。

  3、 关系副词when , where , why的使用

  关系副词where , when , why在从句中分别做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。他们经常可以用“介词+ which ”来替代

  ⑴when可替换为 on / at / in / during + which , 在定语从句中做时间状语。

  【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met. 我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。

  Do you still remember the summer vacation when / duringwhich we visited a lot of places in Beijing?

  你还记得我们在北京游览了很多地方的那个暑假吗?

  ⑵ where可替换为 at / in / to + which ,在定语从句中跟在表地点的名词后面做地点状语。

  【eg】That is the school where / at which I ud to study. 那就是我过去学习过的学校。

  Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim. 想一个我们可以去游泳的地方。

  ⑶ why 可替换为for which ,引导先行词为reason的定语从句,表示原因。

  【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late. 这就是他迟到的原因。

  ⑷ 关系副词when , where , why 引导定语从句时一般可用that替换,也可省略。

  【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that ) she goes to bed.

  她总是很忙,从早上起床一直到上床睡觉,她都在工作。 That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.

  那就是我们从前去过的地方。

  Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company? 你知道他离开公司的原因吗?

  二、 例题

  1、( )The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area.

  A as it B which C it D such

  2、( )This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years.

  A which B that C as D so

  3、( )All ______ is a large sum of money.

  A what is needed B that is needed

  C the thing needed D for their needs

  4、( )Read the text a cond time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works.

  A is on that B has on which

  C is on which D on which

  5、( )The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans. Which of the followings is wrong?

  A / B which C in which D that

  6、( )My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results.

  A who thought B even who

  C who had D who having

  7、( )In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help.

  A that B who C from whom D to whom

  8、( )The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys

  of fine quality.

  A there B which C who D when

  9、( )He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country.

  A as B that C which D who

  10、( )The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture.

  A as it B as C that D since

  11、( )Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble.

  A not until ; when B until ; before

  C not until ; before D until ; when

  12、( )A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.

  A which B where C there D what

  13、( )The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible.

  A the reason why B the reason for it

  C the reason of it D the reason for which

  14、( )Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers.

  A not old enough B too young to

  C not old enough to D young enough to

  15、( )I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwi you will fail.

  A when B that C where D which

  三、巩固练习

  1、( )Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month?

  A which B where C the one D which you

  2、( )I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.

  A / B when C what D how

  3、( ) ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in nior high schools is increasing.

  A Which B As C That D It

  4、( )I was late for school this morning becau of the traffic jam ______ I was caught.

  A which B where C in which D when

  5、( )Has everything ______ can be done ______ done?

  A / ; / B / ; been C that ; been D that ; be

  6、( )Can you find me something ______ ?

  A to open the tin B that I can open the tin

  C I can open the tin with D by which to open the tin

  7、( )Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.

  A where B with which C that D as soon as

  8、( )The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500.

  A whom B that C who D as

  9、( )The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing.

  A to say B to said C said D tell

  10、( )When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done for weeks.

  A anything B everything C nothing D something

  11、( )Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food.

  A when B if C as D where

  12、( )I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now.

  A that B which C as D like

  13、( )This is the same watch ______ I lost.

  A which B as C that D but

  14、( )-How far apart do they live?______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.

  A As long as B As far as C As well as D As often as

  15、( )Yesterday I bought a Chine painting ______ was very reasonable.

  A which price B the price of whichC its price D the price of who

  key:

  1~5 BBBCB 6~10 CDCAB 11~15 DBDAC 巩固1~5 CABCC 6~10 CBDBD 11~15 DCCBB


高中定语从句的讲解

定语从句,一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。

通俗来讲,从句在整个句子中做定语,这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。

定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

扩展资料:

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to e you?

他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Who 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man who car had broken down.

那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Plea pass me the book who (of which) cover is green.

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been en before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

参考资料:定语从句-百度百科


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