分词作状语的五种情况是什么?
分词作状语的五种情况：
一、表时间，可以和时间状语从句互换。如：
Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.
二、表原因，可以和原因状语从句互换。如：
Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. =Becau I did not know her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.
三、表条件，可以和条件状语从句互换。如：
Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.
四、表让步，可以和让步状语从句互换。如：
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、表方式，如：
He earns a living driving a truck.=I’m returning you letter as requested.
现在分词在句中作原因状语：
分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成becau, as引导的原因状语，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
分词短语做状语
1. 分词作状语实际把状语从句简化。简化的条件：其逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。
While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
----Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
Becau he was shy, he didn’t come to the party.
----Being shy, he didn’t come to the party.
As the book is written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
----Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
2. 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing ： 用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。
Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.
* having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。
Having en the film before, I decided not to e it again.
* being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。
Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.
* done: 用来表示被动且完成
Destroyed in the storm, the hou will be rebuilt.
* having been done: 用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数。
Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.
* 否定形式： not/ never + 分词结构
Not studying hard, he didn’t pass the test.
Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.
3. 分词作状语如果前后主语一致可简化时间、条件、原因、结果和伴随等状语从句。
(条件)
If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.
---- Working hard, you will do better in the exam next time.
（时间）
After I did my homework, I went back home.
----Having done my homework, I went back home.
(伴随）
He hurried to the station and hoped to catch the last train.
---- He hurried to the station, hoping to catch the last train.。
(原因)
Becau my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police.
----Frightened of losing his job, my friend said nothing to the police.
(结果)
His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic and left him an orphan.
---- His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic, leaving him an orphan.
什么叫作“分词做状语”?
分词作状语：分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等.
如The students went out of the classroom,laughing and talking.其中laughing and talking是分词,作伴随状语补充说明.
分词作状语的例子有哪些?
分词作状语的例子如下：
1、Written in a hurry,this article was not so good！
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
2、Lost / Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
3、Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I,即I被再给一个小时。）
4、Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（en为过去分词作状语，表＂被看＂，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是＂我们＂，因为＂我们＂应主动看城市。）
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
5、The signal given,the bus started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
（the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。）
什么是分词作状语？
这是非谓语动词的用法，英语中的三种非谓语动词你要熟悉哦！
那就是现在分词短语（动名词短语）、过去分词短语、动词不定式短语。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。所以你问的“分词做状语是干什么的 ？ ”它作用很广泛了，作状语只是其中的一个用法。
还有，你要清楚什么是状语？
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
先讲讲你说的现在分词短语（动名词短语）作状语。
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
看了以上的，有没有发现其最大的一个特点就是：两个部分中动作的主语是一致的（要使用这种结构这个是必须的），再分析下你补充的这个英语句子。
老鼠看见了猫，所以它逃跑了。
你看看这里动作的主语都是老鼠。
完整的结构可以写成：
As soon as it saw the cat ,the mou ran off. (When引导了时间状语从句）
老鼠一见到猫就逃跑了。
也可以写成：
Becau it saw the cat ,the mou ran off. （becau 引导的原因状语从句）
老鼠因为见到了猫，所以逃跑了。
看你加些什么引导词，则做了什么形式的状语。
不管怎样，状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致的，一般可将引导词和主语一并省略，构成省略句。
主语和动作的关系是主动关系，（老鼠见到猫，老鼠主动发出的动作）则用现在分词短语（动名词短语）结构。
例如：Seeing the cat, the mou ran off.
如果主语和动作的关系是被动关系，则用过去分词结构来表示。
例如：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。（他是被雨淋了。）
为什么这样用？事实上也是英语文学上的一些表现手段。事实上我们汉语也是这样用的，只是换成英语后，就要用它约定俗成的一种规则。非谓语动词是个难点，慢慢揣摩吧！一步一步来！
希望可以帮到你！
分词做作状语解释一下,要举例10句,例句要翻译,要全面,好的我再50分
分两部分（现在分词和过去分词）为楼主解读
1）【现在分词做状语】
现在分词短语可以用作状语,修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作.这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况,通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句.一般说来,这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.下面分述如下：
一、作时间状语
如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生,分词用一般式,有时其前可以加上连词while或when.例如：
①Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news,they...)
听到这个消息时,他们都高兴得跳了起来.
②Walking slowly across the grass,he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地,把枪对准狮子就射击了.
③One day,while walking along the sands towards his boat,Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot.
有一天,克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时,在沙子里看见一个人的脚印.
如果现在分词的动作结束之后,谓语动词的动作才发生,现在分词应用完成式.这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性.如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事",容易产生误解.但是,如果现在分词是hear,e等表示感官的动词或是leave,arrive,turn,open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词,现在分词所表示的动作发生后,主句的动作往往紧接着发生,那就不必用完成式,仍用一般式.例如：
①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers),he began to cut the grass.
他把花浇好后,开始割草.
②Having eaten his dinner,the boy rushed out.
那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了.
③Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the footstep below),he ro and went to the top of the stairs.
听见下面脚步声,他站起身来走到楼梯口去.
④Seeing a large cake flying through the air,the driver pulled up quickly.
司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过,赶紧刹车.
二、作方式状语
现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴随状语、同位语、定语相混淆.试分析下列句子：
...But later,people developed a way of printing,using rocks.
……但是以后,人们利用石块发展了印刷术.
有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法：
1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句.
2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语.
3)把它视作状语,表示伴随情况或方式.
笔者赞成第三种看法,表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语).因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法,是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问题,所以,如果把句中using前的逗号去掉,改为by,则句意保持不变.又如：
He earns a living by driving.他靠开卡车谋生.
They would be ableto reply to our signals by using similar methods.
他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号.
三、作目的状语例如：
①Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(＝to fool)round there no more.
巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡.(钱歌川,《英语疑难详解》P237)
②The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.(＝in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭.
四、作结果状语例如：
①I thought he was making fun of me,and ran faster than ever,reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath.
我想他在拿我开玩笑,就越发跑得快了,到达校园时已经上气不接下气.
②Her husband died ten years ago,leaving her with three children to look after.她丈夫十年前去世了,撇下她和三个孩子.
五、作伴随状语
伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的.例如：
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
他坐在扶手椅里读报.
②All night long he lay awake,thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题.
六、作原因状语
现在分词短语作原因状语,尤其是be,feel,know,recognize,fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语),以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时,通常表示
原因.例如：
①Being sick,I stayed at home.我因病呆在家中.
②Not knowing her address,I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信.
③Not having done(＝As he has not done)his homework,he stayed at home.
由于他没完成作业,只好呆在家里.
七、作条件状语例如：
Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town,you will come to a den wood.
如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进,就会走到一片密林处.
八、起补充说明作用
现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似,但严格地说,它不是伴随状语,因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生,实际上,它起着补充说明的作用,相当于一个并列分句,但比分句简洁、明快.例如：
①My train leaves at six,arriving in Chicago at ten.＝...and will arrive in Chicago at ten.
②The visiting Minister expresd his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.＝...and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
2）【过去分词作状语】
过去分词作状语
过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等.
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cau of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业.
②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句.如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞,年轻人决定起来从事斗争.
③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词.如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好.
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比,你应该更加努力学习英语.
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气.
④表让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句.如：
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗.
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究.
⑤表方式或伴随情况.如：
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题.
