英语四级改革

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷175(题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：gComprehension4.

Translation

PartIWriting

1．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthe

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Suppoyouruniversityiscollectingopinionstoimprovethewholecampus,what

suggestionswillyoumakeandwhy?

正确答案：OpinionsonBetteringOurCampusIfmyuniversityisnow

gatheringopinionsonhowtobetterourcampus,wherewewillspendourmost

precioustime,ndforemost,there

shouldbeanincreainthenumberofclassroomquippedwithanairconditioner.

Hence,thereisnoneedforstudentstogetupat6o’clockjusttofindaatinthe

library,

universityissuppodtoputupveralsignstowarncarstoslowdown,especiallyon

fewstudentscomplainedthattherunningcarssplashedwaterover

y,suggestionboxesshouldbetupsothatstudentscangiveadvice

p,theuniversity,Isuppo,shouldtakethesuggestionsinto

considerationsoastofosteraharmoniousatmosphereforstudents.

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

听力原文：(1)maleventuallyfiguresoutthe

learnstodealwithits

istshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinmuchthe

buildcars,playchessandcan

ysomedaydriveyourcar,alsohelppeoplein

naturaldisasters.(2)Robotsaredeployedinarchandrescueoperationsfollowingan

blemisthat

allofthotypesofsituationsandenvironmentareextremelyunpredictableand

sverylikelythatrobotsandhumansinthosituationsbecome

damaged.(1)Thescientistsaredevelopingtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinue

thenewsreportmainlyabout?2.

Whatcanweknowaboutrobotsfromthenewsreport?

2．

A．Adogthatrunsonthreelegs.

B．Newrobotdogsdevelopedbyscientists.

C．Newrobotsthatcanhelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.

D．Newrobotsthatcancontinueworkingwheninjured.

正确答案：D

3．

A．Theycandoeverythingthatpeoplecan’tdo.

B．Theywillbeimprovedintwoyears.

C．Theycanworkindangeroussituations.

D．Theycanmendthemlveswheninjured.

正确答案：C

听力原文：e

kindsofexercimaybebetterthanothers.(3)Running,forexample,mayhelpto

gmayalsohelpyou

doesnotmatter

rtimentsfortherunningshoeNikesay,

“justdoit.“Recently,rearchersstudiedmorethan55,

dyfoundtherunners

wereconsiderablylesslikelythannon-runnerstodieofanyformofdia,including

heartdia.(4)Infact,therunnerslived,onaverage,threeyearslongerthanthe

edtonon-runners,runnersshowed30percentlowerriskof

deathbyanycaus,includingheartattack,thebenefitof

runningaccordingtothenews?gdidtherunnerssurvivethenon-runners?

4．

A．Itcanhelppeoplecuredias.

B．Itcanmakepeoplefeelhappy.

C．Itcanhelppeopleloweight.

D．Itcanhelptoprotectheartdia.

正确答案：D

5．

A．Oneyear.

B．Threeyears.

C．Fouryears.

D．Thirtyyears.

正确答案：B

听力原文：Asinglecigarettesoldonastreetcornermaynotcostalot:

however,,considerthecostofhuman

life.(5)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysabout10peopledieofatobacco-linked

teaddsuptoalmostsixmillionpeopledyingfromsuch

diaveryyear.(6)gan

sshowpeoplewhowanttostop

xpertsandformersmokersoffer

evenmoreeffectiveadvice:Ifyouareconsideringstartingsmoking,don’g

ffectthehealthofanentire

country.(7)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsayslow-incomecountriesdependheavily

ethemoney,inpart,topaythecostsofhealthcare

illegaltradeintobaccoproductsisfurthertesting

ypeoplediefromsmokingevery

year?thardtostopsmokingformostpeople?ow-income

countriespartlyspendthetaxesfromcigarettes?

6．

A．Sixmillion.

B．Tenmillion.

C．Sixbillion.

D．Tenbillion.

正确答案：A

7．

A．Theyareaccustomedtosmoking.

B．Theyhavetoomuchstress.

C．Theyareteenagers.

D．Theyfinditcooltosmoke.

正确答案：A

8．

A．Ontheimprovementofeducation.

B．Ontheimprovementofinfrastructure.

C．Onthetreatmentoftobacco-relateddias.

D．Onsomeillegaltrade.

正确答案：C

SectionB

听力原文：M:Hello!lpyou?W:Oh,Ifeelsostrange

withmyfeetintheskis.M:Soyoudon’urfirsttimeskiing

here?W:Actually,it’smyfirsttimeeingrealwhitesnow.M:Areyoukidding?

Whereareyoufrom,younglady?W:(8)thave

’salwayssunny.M:youmustbeagoodswimmer.W:

mplydon’tknowwhattodowith

theskis.M:Don’tworry.I’msureyouwilllearnitveryquickly.I’llshowyouhow

klikeme,allright?Good!Let’sgoupthehillandtry,shall

we?(9)Whenyouwanttogouptheslope,youshouldstandsidewaysandgoupstep

bystep,justlikeacrab.W:Oh,that’sreallyfunny.I’veneverwalkedinthisway,but

it’sinteresting.M:Let’makeiteasier.W:Iguess

I’malittlenervous.M:,keepleaningforwardwhile

goingdown.(10)Ifyouwanttostop,youshouldpointthetipstogether,gotit?W:I

e.M:Now,let’!(11)Howdoyoufeel?Stillafraid?W:No,notat

all.(11)uitepleadandproudofmylf,thankyouvery

sthewomanknownothingaboutskiing?

doesthemansuggestthewomandowhengoinguptheslope?ouldthe

womandoifshewantstostopwhenskiing?sthewomanfeelwhenshe

isskiing?

9．

A．Shehasn’tensnow.

B．Shedoesn’tliketoski.

C．Sheisafraidofskiing.

D．Shelivesveryfarawayfromtheskifield.

正确答案：A

10．

A．Actlikeacat.

B．Goupstepbystep.

C．Standinthemiddle.

D．Goupasquicklyaspossible.

正确答案：B

11．

A．Crossthetips.

B．Stopleaningforward.

C．Pointthetipstogether.

D．Movetoagentleplace.

正确答案：C

12．

A．Pleadbutafraid.

B．Happybutnervous.

C．Pleadandproud.

D．Excitingandsatisfied.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M:Hi,Monica,pleacomeinandtakeaat.W:Well,youwould

liketotalkaboutthenewwebdesignerwithme,right?M:Yes,well,howdoesshe

perform?W:Well,thatdepends...(12)sheisveryhardworking,butitemsthatshe

oftencan’mple,shewasassignedtobuildtheBBSthe

otherday,

toldmejustnowthatshecouldnotcompletethattask.M:Well,didn’tyoutalkwith

heraboutwhatsheshoulddoatthebeginning?W:recommended

byJohnandfromwhathetoldme,shesoundedtobeprettyqualifiedtodothe

job.(13)I’mnotaskingforterrificwebdesignbuttobuildupastructurewithallthe

basicelementsofwebdesign.M:Didyouaskherwhyshewasn’tfrankwithyouin

thebeginningifshecouldn’tdotheBBS?W:Well,(14)fromwhatshesaid,shelearned

thatallbyherlf,andhadnoprofessionaltraining.M:Sonowwhatdoyouplantodo

sinceshegotthejobhalfdone?W:Ontheoneside,(15)wecanaskhertoleaveina

weeksinceshewasnothonestwhenapplyingforthejobandmadesomanymistakes.

Ontheotherside,wewillhavetohiresomeonewithexperienceinthatfieldtotake

overherjob.M:Yes,,Ithinkwe

,wecangetaprofessionaltoworkat

sthenewwebdesignerperformaccordingtothewoman?

kindofjobisthewebdesignerrequiredtodo?nwelearnaboutthenew

webdesigner?lltheydowiththenewwebdesigner?

13．

A．Sheishonestandhardworking.

B．Sheisverycompetentforthejob.

C．Shelikesherjobverymuch.

D．Sheishardworkingbutnotcompetent.

正确答案：D

14．

A．Designingaterrificweb.

B．Designingabasicweb.

C．BuildingaterrificBBS.

D．Designingaterrificprogram.

正确答案：B

15．

A．Shelearnedtheskillsatafamousuniversity.

B．Shedidn’tdowellatschool.

C．Shelearnedtheskillsbyherlf.

D．Shereceivedsomeprofessionaltraining.

正确答案：C

16．

A．Letherleaveimmediately.

B．Getanexperiencedmantohelpher.

C．Fireherinaweek.

D．Lethergetsomeprofessionaltraining.

正确答案：C

SectionC

听力原文：Withtheglobaleconomynowtakingmoreexecutivesto

far-awayplaceslikeBeijingandTokyo,

otheother

sideoftheglobemakeadjustingatraveler’

expertssaytheybelieveittakesonedayforeachtimezoneawayfromhome,uptoa

maximumofsixorvendays,togetfullyinharmonywithlocaltime.(16)Usinga

combinationofnapandcaffeineisbetterthanusingthemparately,ifyoucan

aydothetwo

imethecaffeineisworking,yournap

xpertsarealsoworkingwithprofessionalandamateurathleteswho

performatinternationalmeets.(17)Aproperamountofsleepcanimproveanathlete’s

performanceasmuchas30%.blemliesinthe

differencesintravelers’abilitytohandlejetlag.(18)Sleeprearchershavefoundthat

peoplewhohavedealtwithsleeplossoverlongperiodscantoleratejetlagbetterthan

ertravelersalsotendtogethitharderthantheyoungbyjetlag.16.

Whatshouldwedotodealwithjetlagaccordingtothepassage?h

improvementcanaproperamountofsleepmaketotheathletes’performance?18.

Whichofthefollowinggroupcantoleratejetlagbetterthanothers?

17．

A．Takeanapfor15to30minutes.

B．Uacombinationofnapandcaffeine.

C．Haveacupofcoffeethreetimesaday.

D．Doexerciwhenfeelingtired.

正确答案：B

18．

A．About13%.

B．About15%.

C．About30%.

D．About50%.

正确答案：C

19．

A．Professionalathletes.

B．Amateurathletes.

C．Peoplewhooftentravel.

D．Peoplewhooftenlacksleep.

正确答案：D

听力原文：Expertsinthefoodindustryarethinkingalotabouttrashthe

days.(19)Restaurants,colleges,hospitalsandotherinstitutionsaretryingtolowerthe

etrackingtheirtrashwithsoftwaresystems,

y

30%offoodintheUnitedStatesgoestowaste,costingsome$48billionannually.A

recentstudyestimatedthat40to50percentoffoodintheUnitedStateswaswasted.

FreshmanstudentsatVirginiaTechweresurpridthisyearwhentheyenteredtwoof

thecampus’dent

saidwithouttrays,studentstooklessfoodanddidn’teatmorethanthey

should.(20)Gettingridoftrayshascutfoodwasteby38%me

phenomenonoftenhappensatOregon’avelers

oftenthrowhalf-eatenmealsintotrashcansandtheairportmustpaythecitytohaul

airportiscarryingoutaprogramtoinstallfood-onlytrash

dwasteiscollectedandgiventothecitytouin

agriculture.(21)Besidesbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,thechangesmaysavethe

sabout$82tohaveonetonoftrashhauled,butfoodwaste

costsonlyabout$gbackonthewastecanrequirespending

resoftwaresystemsthattrackfoodbeing

etersonistheheadchefattheMGMGrandHotel.(22)Hewas

surpridwhenheinstalledthesoftwaresystemandsawthevalueoffoodthatwas

osts,Petersondecidedtoreducervingsizes.19.

Whatisthemainaimforpeoplepayingattentiontofoodwaste?he

dininghallsinVirginiaTechhavenotrays?’sthepurpoofinstalling

food-onlytrashcansattheairport?thesoftwaresystemhelpreducethe

foodwaste?

20．

A．Toreducethecostsofwaste.

B．Tokeeptheairportcleanandtidy.

C．Toshortenthetimeofdealingwithtrash.

D．Toremindthepasngertoproducelesstrash.

正确答案：A

21．

A．Theywanttoreducecosts.

B．Studentsthereneverwastefood.

C．Theywanttoreducefoodwaste.

D．Theuniversitywantstobuysoftwareinstead.

正确答案：C

22．

A．Tolowerthecostsofhaulingfoodwaste.

B．Tosavemorefoodfortheworld.

C．Tokeepthediningroomclean.

D．Toreducetheeffortsofcooking.

正确答案：A

23．

A．Itcanstoremeasuresofhowtosavefood.

B．Itcancalculatethetotalamountoffoodoffered.

C．Itcanhelppeoplerealizethevalueofwastedfood.

D．Itcanconnectthefoodneededwiththenumberofcustomers.

正确答案：C

听力原文：Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreated

unfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecauthesalesmantalkedyouinto

it?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?(23)Manypeopleareafraidtoasrt

Alberti,authorof“StandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,”

thinksit’sbecautheirlf-respectislow.“There’salwaysa‘superior’around:a

parent,ateacher,abosswho‘knowsbetter’.“ButAlbertiandotherscientistsare

fer“Asrtiveness

Training”Tcourspeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobe

arntobe

ay,learningtospeakoutisto

overcomefear.(24)AgrouptakinganATcourwillhelpthetimidpersontolohis

fear.(25)Itusanevenstrongermotive—idpersonspeaks

rornotyouspeakup

oneyoufaceismore“important”

thanyou,shouldyou?ATsays

eyoudo,youcanlearntospeak

theproblemthespeakermainlytalksabout?suggestedto

timidpeopletoovercometheirproblems?thecontentofanATcour?

24．

A．Somepeoplearetreatedunfairly.

B．Somepeoplebuythingstheydonotwant.

C．Therearemanysuperiorsaroundus.

D．Somepeopledonotthinkhighlyenoughofthemlves.

正确答案：D

25．

A．i.

B．Togotoeasuperior.

C．TotakeATcours.

D．Tospeakoutforthemlves.

正确答案：C

26．

A．i’slecture.

B．Sharingone’sfeelingwithothers.

C．Talkingwithasuperior.

D．Chattingwithotherpeople.

正确答案：B

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Theydrivehybridcars,iftheydriveatall,shopatlocalstores,iftheyshop

atallandpayofftheircreditcardverymonth,y

have【C1】______income,buttheylivebelowtheirmeans,inaconsciouffortto

tread【C2】______eanewbreedof“generation”,Youngand

WealthybutNormal,onym(首字母缩略词)comesfromThe

SundayTelegraphofLondon,whichnotedthatanincreasingnumberofrichyoung

Britonsare【C3】______aware,concernedabouttheenvironmentandgivenlessto

【C4】______ounddull,buttheyarethe

newmoversandshakers,their【C5】______emenandwomenin

their20s,30sand40swhowantnothinglessthanto【C6】______theworldandsave

anBlagsvedt,who【C7】______fromSeattletoIndiain2004to

yyoungchildrenbegging

onthestreets,BlagsvedtquitMicrosoftand【C8】______twonetworkingsites,

,tolinkIndia’svastpoolof【C9】______workerswith

gergoal—toreduce【C10】______.The

high-techworldhasproducedsomeYawns,butmoreandmoreareappearinginevery

,Yawnsareasubtofagrowingglobalmovementofthe

eco-sociallyaware.A)changeI)lightlyB)consciouslyJ)movedC)consuming

K)overturnD)crucialL)potentialE)desiresM)povertyF)disposable

N)sociallyG)dreamsO)trackedH)launched

27．【C1】

正确答案：F

解析：空格位于谓语mayhave之后、宾语income之前，故应填入形容词修

饰income。but转折句指出，他们却过着低于自己财富水平的生活，暗示前半句

说明他们有足够的收入，disposablein—come意为“可支配收入”，故空格处应

填入disposable“可支配的，可使用的”。备选的形容词中，crucial意为“重要的，

关键的”；potential意为“潜在的”，均不符合文意，故排除。

28．【C2】

正确答案：I

解析：空格位于动词tread与介词短语ontheearth之间，故应填入副词修饰

tread。前一句说这些人有足够的收入，却过着低于自己财富水平的生活，介词短

语表目的，说明他们这样做是为了有意识地“轻踩大地”，可以引申理解为：为

了保护地球。故空格处应填入lightly“轻轻地”。备选的副词中，consciously意

为“有意识地”；socially意为“社会地，在社会中”，均不符合文意，故排除。

29．【C3】

正确答案：N

解析：空格位于系动词are与表语形容词aware之间，故应填入副词修饰

aware。根据上下文可知，越来越多年轻富有的英国人都关注环境，说明他们有

社会意识，故空格应填入socially“社会地，在社会中”。备选副词consciously

意为“有意识地”，与aware意思相近，故排除。

30．【C4】

正确答案：C

解析：空格位于动词短语givento的后面，to为介词，故应填入名词或动名

词，因than构成比较时，前后语法结构基本一致，所以可以由动名词短语giving

moneytocharity判断空格处最好为动名词。文章前两段都提到这群人的简朴生

活，本句还强调越来越多年轻富有的英国人有社会意识，关注环境，捐给慈善机

构的钱应该是比自己消费的要多，故空格处应填consuming“消费”。备选的名

词中，desires“欲望”、dreams“梦想”和poverty“贫困”从语法形式上和语义

上都与原文不相符，故均排除。

31．【C5】

正确答案：G

解析：空格位于独立主格部分，故应填入名词。根据下文内容推测，他们要

做savetheplanet这样的事情，所以bigandbold的主语应该是梦想，故空格里应

填入dreams“梦想”。备选的名词中，de—sires“欲望”偏贬义，排除；poverty

“贫困”不符合文意，排除。

32．【C6】

正确答案：A

解析：空格位于不定式to的后面，与savetheplanet中的动词save构成并列，

故空格中应填入动词原形。上文说，这群被称作Yawns的人有着远大的梦想，

再根据本句中and后的并列短语推测，他们想要做的是改变世界和拯救地球，故

空格中应填入change“改变”。备选的动词原形overturn意为“推翻”，不符合文

意，故排除。

33．【C7】

正确答案：J

解析：空格出现在定语从句主语who后面，应填入动词作谓语，再根据空

格后介词短语fromSeattletoIndia，in2004，可以推断空格处应填入动词的过去

式。不定式提到Blagsvedt从西雅图到印度的目的是帮助在当地建立微软研发办

公室，故空格中应填入moved“搬家”。备选的动词过去式中，launched“发起，

开办”和tracked“追踪”，均不符合文意，故均排除。

34．【C8】

正确答案：H

解析：空格位于and后面，与动词quit构成并列谓语动词，又因本句阐述的

是2004年的事情，quit是过去式，故此处应填入动词过去式。根据上下文语义

关系，Blagsvedt辞掉了微软的工作，然后开办了babajob．com和babalife．com

两家网站，故空格中应填入launched“开办，发起”。备选的动词过去式tracked

意为“追踪”，不符合文意，故排除。

35．【C9】

正确答案：L

解析：空格位于of所有格结构的名词前，故应填入形容词修饰该名词。该

句中，不定式表目的，说设立网站的目的是为了把印度大量的工人与需要劳动力

的人连接起来，结合上下文，这些工人必然是指那些在等待机会的待岗工人，也

就是潜在的劳动力，故空格里应填入potential“潜在的”。备选的形容嗣crucial

意为“关键的”，不符合文意，故排除。

36．【C10】

正确答案：M

解析：空格位于动词后面，基本可断定应填入名词作reduce的宾语。因上

文提到，Blagsv—edt受街上乞讨儿童的触动，开设了两家网站帮助待岗工人找

工作，可以推断：这样做的更大日标是减少贫困，故空格中应填入poverty“贫

困”。

SectionB

CreativeDestructionofHigherEducationA)Highereducationisone

soncetheprivilegeofafew

hasbecomeamiddle-clasntitlement,3.

modernworlduniversitiesaredevelopingrapidly:Chinahasaddednearly30million

businesshaschangedlittlesinceAristotletaughtatthe

AthenianLyceum(雅典学院):youngstudentsstillgatherataspecifictimeandplace

tolistentothewisdomofscholars.B)Atprent,arevolutionhasbegun,thanksto

threeforces:risingcosts,ultwillbethe

hepricesofcars,computersandmuchel

havegreatlyfallen,universitieshavebeenabletochargeevermoreforthesame

rvicebecautheyareprotectedbypublicfundingandthehighvalueemployers

decadesthecostofgoingtocollegeinAmericahasrinby

1.6percentagepointsmorethaninflationeveryyear.C)Formoststudents,the

allifetimeincomefromobtainingacollege

degree,innet-prent-value(净现值)terms,canincreaasmuchas$590,

increasingnumberofstudentshavegonedeepintodebt,especiallythe47%in

Americaand28%hem,the

governmentbecomesmore

icagovernmentfundingper

studentfellby27%between2007and2012,whileaveragetuitionfees,adjustedfor

inflation,roby20%.InBritain,tuitionfeesclotozerotwodecadesagocan

reach$15,000ayear.D)

thestandardmodelofhighereducation,e

omationisbeginningtohavethe

ingtoastudy

fromOxfordUniversity,47%ofoccupationsareatriskofbeingautomatedinthenext

vationwipesoutsomejobsandchangesothers,peoplewillneed

totopuptheirhumancapitalallthroughtheirlives.E)Bythemlves,thetwoforces

—technology—ernet,whichhas

turnedbusinessfromnewspapersthroughmusictobooksaleupsidedown,willturn

MOOC,or“MassiveOpenOnlineCour”,is

offeringstudentsthechancetolistentostarlecturersandgetadegreeforafractionof

tartedin2008:however,theyhavesofar

ybecauthereisnoformalsystemof

accreditation(认证),sischangingasprivate

vider,Courra,claimsover8

itscoursarefree,itreceiveditsfirst$1millionin

incomeslastyearafterintroducingtheoptiontopayafeeofbetween$30and$100

r,Udacity,hasteamedupwithAT&Tand

GeorgiaTechtoofferanonlinemaster’sdegreeincomputing,atlessthanathirdof

dBusinessSchoolwillsoonofferanonline

“pre-MBA”for$1,ckshasofferedtohelppayforitsstafftotakeonline

degreeswithArizonaStateUniversity.F)MOOCswilldestroydifferentuniversitiesin

ofgreat

ambitionwillalwayswanttogotothebestuniversitiestomeeteachother,andthe

digita

inary

emarketforhigher

educationtoperforminfutureasthatfornewspapershasdoneoverthepastdecadeor

two,universities’incomeswouldfallbymorethanhalf,employmentintheindustry

woulddropbynearly30%

restwouldneedtoadjustthemlvestosurvive.G)Likeallrevolutions,theonetaking

wnsandcitiesrelyon

waysMOOCswillfurthermakethedifferencebothamong

entedstudentswillbemuchmorecomfortable

tarlecturerswill

earnafortune,totheangeroftheirlesscharmingcolleagues.H)Politicianswillcome

ouldrememberthatstatespending

shouldbenefitsocietyasawhole,

tsintherich

world

,another

provider,

modernworldonlinecoursalsoofferawayforcountrieslikeBraziltogoahead

cationhas

nowbecomeaglobalmarket:theMassachuttsInstituteofTechnologydiscovered

BattushigMyanganbayar,aremarkablytalentedMongolianteenager,throughan

onlineelectronicscour.I)Ratherthanmaintainingtheoldmodel,governments

ndosobysupportingcommon

il,forinstance,studentscompletingcourstakea

Westerncountriesitwouldlikewimakento

haveasingle,nganancient

oespromibettereducationformanymore

haveneedandopportunitysoneatlycometogether.

37．Theintroductionofautomationaffectsthelabordemandandthenbrings

abouttherevolutionofhighereducation.

正确答案：D

38．Theweakerstudentsandthelessattractiveteacherswillsufferfromthe

innovationofhighereducation.

正确答案：G

39．MOOCsareimprovinginthatprivateinvestorsandexistinguniversitiesare

engagedinthem.

正确答案：E

40．Asforthostudentswhodonotcompletetheircour,theuniversity

degreeisdefinitelynotworth$590,000.

正确答案：C

41．Despitearapidincreainthenumberofuniversitygraduates,higher

educationhashadlittledifferencesinceitsbeginning.

正确答案：A

42．Governmentsaresuppodtosupportcommonstandardstocertifyonline

coursofhighereducation.

正确答案：I

43．Inordertoavoidthefailure,ordinaryuniversitiesneedtoadaptthemlves

tothedigitaleconomy.

正确答案：F

44．Thankstoonlinecours,studentsmayapproachhighereducationmuch

morecheaplyandconveniently.

正确答案：H

45．Duetotheprotectionofpublicfundingandtheemployers’emphasison

degrees,universitystudentsinAmericapayforarisingexpen.

正确答案：B

46．Mostlybecauofthelackofformalrecognition,theratesofquittingon

MOOCshavebeenhigh.

正确答案：E

SectionC

Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygetting

hookedone-cigarettes,ghealthrearcherssaytheyare“very

concerned”bythegrowingnumberofyoungsterstryingthedevicesasamajornew

studyrevealsoneinfiveteenagershasaccesdthem.E-cigaretteshavebeen

vious

rearchshow-cigarettesgeneratepoisonouschemicalssimilartothofoundin

ngly,rearchersat

LiverpoolJohnMooresUniversitydiscovered16%ofteenagerswhohaveud

ertsalsofounde-cigaretteswere

“stronglyrelated”llis

warnedthatsuch“rapidpenetrationintoteenagecultureofwhatisntiallyanew

drug-uoptioniswithoutprecedent(先例).“Headded:“Ourrearchsuggeststhat

ebateon

e-cigaretteshasfocudlargelyonwhetherornottheyactasagatewaytotobacco

cigaretteu,e-cigarettesthemlvescontainahighlyaddictive(上瘾的)drugthat

mayhavemoreriousandlongerlastingimpactsonchildrenbecautheirbrainsare

stilldeveloping.“Rearcherssurveyed16,000studentsaged14to17inthe

foundthatoneinfiveansweredyestothequestion:“Haveyoueverboughtortried

electroniccigarettes?”Moremalesthanfemalessaidtheyhad,andthefigure

eenagersthat

hadaccesde-cigarettes,16%hadneversmoked,23%hadtriedsmokingbutdidnot

likeit,36%wereregularsmokers,12%onlysmokedwhendrinking,and14%were

earch,publishedinjournalBMCPublicHealth,alsofound

teenagerswhodrankalcoholweresignificantlymorelikelytohaveaccesd

howhohadneversmoked,itwasfound

thatthowhoregularlyhaveexcessivedrinkingwerefourtimesmorelikelyto

fthothatdrink,regardlessof

smokingstatus,e-cigaretteaccesswasassociatedwithexcessivedrinkingand

earcherssaidtheirfindingssuggest

thatteenagerswhoue-cigarettesaremostsusceptible(易受影响的)tootherforms

ofsubstanceuandrisk-takingbehaviour.

47．Howhavee-cigarettesbeenpromotedinthemarket?

A．Asadevicemeetingthephysicalandmentalneedsofsmokers.

B．Asaproductpreventingsmokersfromusingtobaccoproducts.

C．Asamuchhealthiersubstitutefortraditionalcigarettes.

D．Asanewdevicepromotedamongyoungsters.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查电子烟在市场上推广的信息。由定位句可知，

电子烟已经被作为比传统香烟更健康的一种替代品推向市场。C)是对定位句的同

义转述，故为答案。A)“作为满足吸烟者身体和精神需求的一种装置”和D)“作

为一种在年轻人当中推广的新装置”，在原文均未提及，故排除；B)“作为防止

吸烟者使用烟草制品的一种产品”是对本段首句的曲解，alternative意为“供替

代的选择”，B)与此不符，故排除。

48．Whatdowelearnaboute-cigarettes?

A．Theycontainthechemicalmattersidenticalwithtobacco.

B．Theyhavestrongtieswithdrinkingamongteenagers.

C．Theyactasanapproachtotobaccocigaretteu.

D．Theyareavailableinthegrocerystores.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查对电子烟的了解。第三段第二句提到，专家们

还发现电子烟与青少年饮酒“密切相关”。B)项中的havestrongtieswith是原文

中were“stronglyrelated”to的同义转述，故答案为B)。A)“电子烟含有与烟草

相同的化学物质”是对第二段第二句的曲解，原文说的是电子烟产生的有毒化学

物质与在烟草中发现的类似，而不是相同，故排除；C)“电子烟充当一种使用烟

草香烟的途径”是针对第三段末句中whetherornottheyactasagatewaytotobacco

cigaretteu设置的干扰项，原文并没有如此肯定地表达，故排除；D)“电子烟

能够在杂货店买到”，原文并未提及，故排除。

49．llis,______.

A．e-cigarettescontainsomethingaddictivewhichhasalongstandingeffecton

kids

B．e-cigarettesmaybeharmfultothelungsandimmunesystem

C．theuofe-cigarettespenetratesintoyouthcultureasrapidlyasotherdrug

us

D．e-cigarettesmaketeenagerswhohaveneversmokedbeforestartsmoking

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。本题考查马克·贝里斯教授的观点。第三段末句提到，

虽然关于电子烟的争论主要集中在其是否是一种通往使用烟草香烟的途径，但电

子烟本身含有非常容易上瘾的药物，可能对孩子造成更严重、更持久的影响，因

为他们的大脑还在发育。A)是对该段末句大意的概括，故为答案。B)“电子烟可

能对肺部和免疫系统有害”是先前的研究结果，并不是马克·贝里斯教授的观点，

故排除；C)“电子烟的使用渗透到青少年文化的速度和其他药物使用一样快”是

对本段第三句的曲解。原文中withoutprecedent意为“史无前例的”，并非“一

样的”，故排除；D)“电子烟使得以前从不吸烟的青少年开始吸烟”是利物浦约

翰摩尔斯大学的研究人员的发现，而非马克·贝里斯教授的观点，故排除。

50．WhatdowelearnfromthesurveymadeamongstudentsintheNorthWest

ofEngland?

A．E-cigarettesarenowwidelyavailableandheavilypromoted.

B．Thenumberofadultcigarettesmokersisdroppingatprent.

C．Teenagersareveryknowledgeableaboutalcoholandtobaccou.

D．E-cigaretteaccessislinkedtoexcessivedrinkingandviolenceafterit.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查对英格兰西北部学生进行调查的情况。原文最

后一段倒数第二句指出，在那些喝酒的所有人中，不论吸烟状况如何，电子烟的

使用与过度饮酒和酒后参与暴力活动相关联。D)是本句的同义转述，故为答案。

A)“电子烟现在广泛普及和推广”、B)“成人吸烟的人数目前正在下降”和C)

“青少年对于酒精和烟草的使用很在行”，原文均未提及，故均排除。

51．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

A．Expertsareconcernedaboutexcessivedrinkinginteenagers.

B．Theharmofe-cigarettesisgreaterthanthatofalcohol.

C．Teenagersareindangerofriskingtheirhealthone-cigarettes.

D．Rearchersareawareofsmoke-relatedhealthhazards.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。本题考查的是全文的主旨大意。原文第一段指出，专家

警告说，数以百万计的青少年沉迷于电子烟，这使他们的健康受到威胁。第二、

三段表明了电子烟对青少年的危害。最后三段指出研究人员对英格兰西北部16，

000名14至17岁之间的学生进行的关于其酒精和烟草的使用情况的调查，并揭

示了调查结果。由此可知，本文主要阐述了青少年沉迷于电子烟，危及他们的健

康。C)是对全文的最佳概括，故为答案。A)“专家关心青少年的过度饮酒问题”

和D)“研究人员注意到了与吸烟相关的健康危害”都是文章提及的部分内容，

属于以偏概全，故排除；B)“电子烟的危害大于酒精”，原文未提及，属于无中

生有，故排除。

Neverbeforehassomuchmoneybeenmadebyasinglefirminsuchashort

ary27thTimCook,thebossofApple,announcedthatithad

made$’stelephone-number-sizedprofit

stemmedlargelyfromsalesofitshugelypopulariPhone,whichaccountedforover

two-thirdsofits$xecutivesrarelyadmittobeingshocked

bytheircompanies’performance,iditwas“hardtocomprehend”the

extentoftheinterestinApple’dthat,onaverage,34,000iPhones

sthe

world’slargestcompanybymarketcapitalisation(总值)aswellasitsmostprofitable.

Strikingly,ithasrintogreatnessusingaratherold-fashionedbusinessmodel:

llinghighlydesirableobjectsatfatgrossmargins,whichhitalmost40%inthe

hindustryhasbrednumeroussoftware-badfirms,suchas

GoogleandFacebook,thatdon’thavetoworryaboutshiftinggoodsaround,yetthey

handleslotsofphysical

goods,rthingthattsAppleapartfromthetechpackis

ivalshavebeenfrustratedthere,Applehas

justbecomethelargestforceinChina’ssmartphonemarketmeasuredbyunits

shipped,accordingtoCanalys,lureinChina

pany’soveralldependenceontheiPhoneisanotherrisk.

ButtheareearlydaysfortheiPhone6,Apple’slatestdevice,whobiggerscreen

takesthefirmintothe“phablet”(平板手机)categoryoflargerphonesthatarewildly

ansalsopointoutthatApple’sshareofthe

smartphonemarketissmallcomparedwithdevicesusingGoogle’sAndroidoperating

idthisweekthatits

arinofCreative

Strategies,aconsultingfirm,thinksApplecouldll22m-24minthefirst12months

afterthelaunch,ein,a

rearchfirm,reckonsthewatcheswillhaveahigher-than-averagegrossmargin,

houldbeabletomakemoremoneyfromsoftware

andrvices,too.

52．AlargepartofApple’sfatprofitcomesfrom______.

A．thesalesofitssmartwatch

B．thesalesofitssoftware

C．thesalesofitsrvice

D．thesalesofitsiPhone

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查苹果公司巨额收益来源的信息。由定位句可知，

苹果公司的巨额利润中很大部分都来源于它旗下十分受欢迎的iPhone手机，公

司746亿美元收入中，iPhone手机占了2／3多。故D)为答案。A)“智能手表的

销售”、B)“软件的销售”和C)“服务的销售”，原文均未提及，故排除。

53．’swordsinPara.1inorderto______.

A．showhowpopulariPhoneis

B．showhowmuchmoneyApplemakes

C．revealhowsmartchiefexecutivesare

D．revealhowthecompanyisrun

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。本题考查作者引用库克先生所说的话的意图。该段倒数

第二句提到，首席执行官们很少承认对公司的表现表示震惊，但库克先生却表示

市场对苹果产品的着迷程度让他“难以理解”。接着在本段最后一句指出，他特

别提到，在最近的财务季度期间，平均每天的每个小时都要卖出去34，000台

iPhone手机。由此推测，作者引用库克先生所说的话旨在表明iPhone手机的受

欢迎程度，故答案为A)。B)“显示苹果公司赚了多少钱”、C)“显示首席执行官

们有多聪明”和D)“显示公司是如何运营的”都不是作者的真正意图，故排除。

54．Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

A．Apple’sonlinestoreofsoftwareappsisalwaysbusy

B．Apple’ssmartwatchwillreduceitsdependenceontheiPhone

C．shiftinggoodsaroundeatsawayatAmazon’sprofits

D．theoutlookofsoftware-badfirmsisquiteuncertain

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。本题考查对全文内容的推理分析。第二段最后两句提到，

科技行业培育出了众多以软件为基础的公司，如谷歌和脸谱，它们不必担心货物

流通，但它们赚的钱比“库比蒂诺的巨无霸”(库比蒂诺，苹果公司总部，位于

美国旧金山)要少得多。而亚马逊处理大量的实体产品，却处于亏本状态。由此

可知，处理大量的实体产品使得亚马逊的收益受损，故C)为答案。A)“苹果公

司的软件应用程序在线商店总是很忙”，原文并未提及，故排除；文中第四段第

二句提到苹果公司对iPhone手机的全面依赖无疑是另一个风险。而B)“苹果公

司的智能手表将降低公司对iPhone手机的依赖”是对原文的错误推断，智能手

表的推出与苹果公司对iPhone手机的全面依赖无关，故排除；第二段提到了众

多以软件为基础的公司，如谷歌、脸谱，并对它们的收入状况进行了介绍，但并

未描述这些公司的前景，因此D)“以软件为基础的公司前景十分不确定”属于

过度推断，故排除。

55．WhatmakesApplestandoutfromothertechfirms?

A．ThetotalsalesofiPhonesallovertheworld.

B．ItssuccessfuloccupationofmarketshareinChina.

C．Noshiftingofgoodsaround.

D．Itsconstantdevelopingofnewproducts.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查苹果公司脱颖而出的因素。定位句提到，另一

个使得苹果公司在技术行业中脱颖而出的因素在于其对中国市场的成功占领。

B)是本句的同义转述，故为答案。A)“iPhone手机在全世界的总销量”和D)“不

断开发新产品”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“没有货物流通”是针对第二段中

don’thavetoworryaboutshiftinggoodsaround设置的干扰项，原文讲的是科技行

业培育出的众多以软件为基础的公司不必担心货物流通，而这并非苹果公司脱颖

而出的因素，故排除。

56．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A．ThemarketshareofApple’ssmartphoneissmallcomparedwithAndroid

devices.

B．SalesofiPhonesaremorethanmarket-watchershaveexpected.

C．CustomersalwayschooApplewhentheyupgradetheirsmartphones.

D．ThesoftwareandrvicesofApple’sonlinestorearefree.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。倒数第二段最后两句指出，一部分“果粉”还指出，与

使用谷歌的安卓操作系统的设备相比，苹果的智能手机市场占有率还算小的。因

此，苹果手机还有很大的增长空间。A)是对本句大意的概括，故为答案。原文第

一段末句提到，在最近的财务季度期间，平均每天的每个小时都要卖出去34，

000台iPhone手机，但B)“iPhone手机的销量超过了市场观望者的预期”，原文

并未提及，故排除；C)“当顾客要更新智能手机时，他们总是选择苹果”，原文

未提及，故排除；原文末段末句提到苹果公司也应该能在软件和服务方面赚得更

多的钱，由此可知，D)“苹果在线商店的软件和服务是免费的”是不正确的，故

排除。

PartⅣTranslation

57．职业教育是指让受教育者获得和提高从事某种职业所必需的知识

和技能的教育。相较于基础教育而言，职业教育侧重于实践技能和专业技能的培

养，为学生提供良好的就业机会，为国家提供更多更专业的人才。它是国家高等

教育不可或缺的重要部分，是促使高等教育走向大众化的重要因素。因此，大力

发展职业教育已成为推进中国工业化、现代化的迫切需要。

正确答案：Vocationaleducationreferstotheonethathelpstheeducated

mantoobtainknowledgeandimprovehisskillsnecessaryforspecificjobs.

Comparedtotheelementaryeducation,vocationaleducationfocusonthe

idesthestudentswithgood

chancestogetajob,onal

educationisanindispensablepartofnationalhighereducation,andisanimportant

ore,thereisanurgent

needtovigorouslydevelopthevocationaleducationforChina’sindustrializationand

modernization.

解析：1．第一句是一个简单句，主干部分为“职业教育是指……的教育”，

而“让受教育者获得和提高从事某种职业所必需的知识和技能”这一部分作为先

行词“教育”的定语，该部分太长，翻译时不宜将其置于先行词前面，因此翻译

时可将其后置。前面主干部分可译为Vocationaleducationreferstotheonethat…，

或者译为Vocationaleducationisaneducationthat…；“受教育者”译为theeducated

man。2．第二句是一个长句且逗号较多，因此翻译时需要断句。前面两个分句

主要是将职业教育和基础教育进行对比，而后面两个分句阐述的是职业教育的功

能。因此，可以将原文拆分成两部分进行翻译。“相较于”的惯用表达方式是

comparedto；“基础教育”译为theelementaryeducation；“侧重于”可译为focus

on；“实践技能和专业技能的培养”译为thecultivationofpracticalandprofessional

techniques。后面两个分句单独成句，主语为“职业教育”，但在翻译时使用代词

it指代即可。“提供良好的就业机会”可以译为provide…withgoodchancestogeta

job，后一个“提供”可以直译为provide，也可以将其含义进一步引申，译为train。

3．第三句主语为“它”，但在翻译时需要代词明确化，即“职业教育”。“不可或

缺的”译为indispensable；“高等教育”译为highereducation；“促使高等教育走

向大众化”可译为promotehighereducationtobepopularized。4．第四句是整段

话的总结，“迫切需要”是这句话的评论性语言，而“大力发展职业教育已成为

推进中国工业化、理代化的”阐述的是另一种事实。根据英汉表达习惯，汉语常

常将评论性语言或重要的内容置于句尾，而英语恰好相反，因此翻译时先译“迫

切需要”，使用therebe句型。“迫切需要”译为urgentneed；“大力发展”译为

vigorouslydevelop；“工业化”译为industrialization；“现代化”译为modernization。