考研英语阅读理解

考研英语一阅读理解真题

考研英语一阅读理解真题1

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddle

classisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthe

nextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhenthe

robotfortheirjobs?

Don'

eathighriskofbeingautomated,

accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthe

-ine

jobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealto

ymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,

financialadvice,softwareengineering—have

aroudtheirinterest,hown

therobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'stspointout

thattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersin

ustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowell

forLudditeswhojobsweredisplacedbymechanized

looms,butiteventuallyraidlivingstandardsand

,

automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,

stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,hemedium

term,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelp

adjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrew

McAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldbe

ulums—

fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolveto

focuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativity

onalschoolsshoulddoa

betterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsand

couldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbe

abletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

Thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlines

veitsfadingbusiness

dynamism:

previourasofdrastictechnologicalchange,

entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingup

tusof3D

printersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninvented

henewpaniesthatwillinvent

them.

Finally,becauautomationthreatenstowidenthe

gapbetweencapitalineandlaborine,taxesandthe

nlow-

wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchas

theearnedinetaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:This

wouldboostines,encouragework,rewardpaniesfor

jobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigand

smalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbe

littleforttothowhofindtheirlivesandcareers

yingthemachinesthat

iciesto

helpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

lbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

fthefollowingbestreprentthe

author’sview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfact

groundless.

[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittle

support.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobe

tackled

[D]Negativeconquencesofnewtechcanbe

avoided

ionintheageofautomationshouldput

moreemphasison

[A]creativepotential.

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

[D]cooperativespirit.

horsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimed

at

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheinegapfromwidening.

text,theauthorprentsaproblem

with

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

考研英语一阅读理解真题2

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohire

AlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthe

talkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe

themostpart，theresponhasbeenfavorable，to

saytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthony

Tommasini，asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameas

suchasurpri，however，isthatGilbertis

mmasini，whohad

advocatedGilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，calls

him“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthe

formidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionof

thenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathas

hithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerand

PierreBoulez，thatemslikelytohavestruckat

leastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprai.

Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisa

re，he

performsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting

positions，butitisnotnecessaryformetovisit

AveryFisherHall，oranywhereel，tohear

vetodoisto

gotomyCDshelf，orbootupmyputeranddownload

stillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsare

nosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthe

time，attention，andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmust

petenotonlywithoperahous，dancetroupes，

theaterpanies，andmuums，butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassical

ecordingsare

cheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuch

higherinartisticqualitythantoday‘slive

performances;moreover，theycanbe“consumed”at

atimeandplaceofthelistener’

widespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthus

broughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthe

traditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponisforclassicalperformers

toprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyet

t‘sowninterestinnew

musichasbeenwidelynoted：AlexRoss，a

classical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasaman

whoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“a

markedlydifferent，morevibrantorganization.”But

whatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely

expandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbe

ertandthePhilharmonicareto

succeed，theymustfirstchangetherelationship

betweenAmerica‘soldestorchestraandthenew

audienceithopstoattract.

nfromPara.1thatGilbert‘s

appointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raidsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]aroudcuriosity.

iniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

horbelievesthatthedevoted

concertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

ingtothetext，whichofthefollowing

istrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsin

quality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneral

public.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

ingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthe

Philharmonic，theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

考研英语一阅读理解真题3

Text1

Inthe20XXfilmversionofTheDevilWears

Prada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthat

highfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplains

howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweater

descendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto

departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhich

thepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusiness

couldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththe

feverishwoulddescribedinOverdresd,Eliazabeth

Cline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.

Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhave

allowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,and

Uniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipate

rturnaroundsmeanless

wastedinventory,morefrequentrelea,andmore

abelncouragestyle-conscious

consumerstoeclothesasdisposable-meanttolast

onlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadverti

that–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.

Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,

Clineargues,thebrandshavehijackedfashion

cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoa

asonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcour,are

&Mtooffera$5.95

knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaround

theworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoveraslabor,

orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,and

umassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdresdisthefashionworld’sanswerto

consumer-activistbestllerslikeMichaelPollan’s

TheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-produced

clothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,

yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.

Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarments

ayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatter

howmuchtheygiveaway,thixcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdresd,Clineintroduced

herideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,

whosince20XXhasmadeallofherownclothes–and

lineisthefirsttonote,it

tookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;her

examplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughveralfast-fashionpanieshavemade

effortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandthe

environment–includingH&M,withitsgreen

ConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslasting

exhibitstheidealismmontomanyadvocatesof

sustainability,is

aconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmore

sustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

lycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]innsitivitytofashion.

[C]obssionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

ingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurge

consumersto

[A]batunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertiments.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

d“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is

clostinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfrom

thelaparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignores

sustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordable

garments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendly

purchasing.

thesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketcret.

考研英语一阅读理解真题4

Text1

Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”and

reduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,Chancellorof

theExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworkarch”

thejoblessarriveatthejobcentre

withaCVregisterforonlinejobarch,andstart

lookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-

andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthan

uldbemorereasonable?

ill

nowbeaven-daywaitforthejobeker’s

allowance.“Thofirstfewdaysshouldbespent

lookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”he

claimed.“We’redoingthethingsbecauweknow

theyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoon

benefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?On

firsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcerned

chancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,

pletewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgent

systemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewly

unemployedtofindwork,

motivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszeal

for“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,

controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemost

dervingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdownto

thejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedat

theprospectofdoublingyourinefromthegenerous

nanciallyterrifying,psychologically

embarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimaland

nownotwanted;

yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardto

nownotwanted;youarenowexcluded

fromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurpoand

,thecrucialineto

feedyourlfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshas

onenewlyunemployedwhatthey

wantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofall

intodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucanget

it—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulge

though20yearsofever-

tougherreformsofthejobarchandbenefit

nciple

ofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsure

yourlfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceive

theveryphra“jobeker’sallowance”—

inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningthe

unemployedasa“jobeker”whohadnomandatory

righttoabenefitheorshehaarnedthrough

d,the

claimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”

conditionalonactivelyekingajob;noentitlement

andnoinsurance,at?71.70aweek,oneoftheleast

generousintheEU.

Osborne’sschemewasintendedto

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccessto

benefits.

[B]encouragejobekers’activeengagementinjob

eking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobekers’legitimaterightto

benefits.

a“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)most

probablymeans

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthe

jobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsonthe

allowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthe

government.

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

omotedthechancellortodevelophis

scheme?

[A]Adesiretocureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

ingtoParagraph3,beingunemployed

makesoneonefeel

[A]uneasy.

[B]enraged.

[C]insulted.

[D]guilty.

hofthefollowingwouldtheauthormost

probablyagree?

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulges

jobekers’laziness.

[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskof

unemployment.

[C]Thejobekers’allowancehasmettheiractual

needs.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemade

conditional.