论友谊

Friendship

RalphWaldoEmerson

Aruddydropofmanlyblood

Thesurgingaoutweighs,

Theworlduncertaincomesandgoes,

Theloverrootedstays.

Ifanciedhewasfled,

And,aftermanyayear,

Glowedunexhaustedkindliness

Likedailysunrithere.

Mycarefulheartwasfreeagain,—

Ofriend,mybosomsaid,

Throughtheealonetheskyisarched,

Throughtheetheroisred,

Allthingsthroughtheetakenoblerform,

Andlookbeyondtheearth,

Andisthemill-roundofourfate

Asun-pathinthyworth.

Metoothynoblenesshastaught

Tomastermydespair;

Thefountainsofmyhiddenlife

Arethroughthyfriendshipfair.

ESSAYVIFriendship

allthelfishness

thatchillslikeeastwindstheworld,thewholehumanfamilyisbathedwithan

ypersonswemeetinhous,whomwe

scarcelyspeakto,whomyetwehonor,andwhohonorus!Howmanyweeinthe

street,orsitwithinchurch,whom,thoughsilently,wewarmlyrejoicetobewith!

rtknoweth.

Theeffectoftheindulgenceofthishumanaffectionisacertaincordialexhilaration.

Inpoetry,andincommonspeech,theemotionsofbenevolenceandcomplacency

whicharefelttowardsothersarelikenedtothematerialeffectsoffire;soswift,or

muchmoreswift,moreactive,morecheering,

thehighestdegreeofpassionatelove,tothelowestdegreeofgood-will,theymakethe

sweetnessoflife.

olarsitsdown

towrite,andallhisyearsofmeditationdonotfurnishhimwithonegoodthoughtor

happyexpression;butitisnecessarytowritealettertoafriend,—and,fo雷锋名言警句 rthwith,

troopsofgentlethoughtsinvestthemlves,oneveryhand,,

inanyhouwherevirtueandlf-respectabide,thepalpitationwhichtheapproach

ndedstrangerixpectedandannounced,andan

ival

isdusted,

allthingsflyintotheirplaces,theoldcoatixchangedforthenew,andtheymust

mendedstranger,onlythegoodreportistoldby

others,at

imaginedandinvestedhim,weaskhowweshouldstandrelatedin

conversationandactionwithsuchaman,eidea

thenimblest

fancy,arichermemory,g

hourswecancontinueariesofsincere,graceful,richcommunications,drawnfrom

theoldest,cretestexperience,sothattheywhositby,ofourownkinsfolkand

acquaintance,oonasthe

strangerbeginstointrudehispartialities,hisdefinitions,hisdefects,intothe

conversation,eardthefirst,thelastandbesthewilleverhear

ity,ignorance,misapprehensionareold

,whenhecomes,hemaygettheorder,thedress,andthedinner,

—butthethrobbingoftheheart,andthecommunicationsofthesoul,nomore.

Whatissopleasantasthejetsofaffectionwhichmakeayoungworldformeagain?

Whatsodeliciousasajustandfirmencounteroftwo,inathought,inafeeling?How

beautiful,ontheirapproachtothisbeatingheart,thestepsandformsofthegiftedand

the酒吧音乐 true!Themomentweindulgeouraffections,theearthismetamorphod;thereis

nowinter,andnonight;alltragedies,allennuis,vanish,—alldutieven;nothing

soul

beassuredthatsomewhereintheuniveritshouldrejoinitsfriend,anditwouldbe

contentandcheerfulaloneforathousandyears.

Iawokethismorningwithdevoutthanksgivingformyfriends,theoldandthenew.

ShallInotcallGodtheBeautiful,whodailyshowethhimlfsotomeinhisgifts?I

chidesociety,Iembracesolitude,andyetIamnotsoungratefulasnottoethewi,

thelovely,andthenoble-minded,rs

me,whounderstandsme,becomesmine,—atureso

poorbutshegivesmethisjoyveraltimes,andthusweweavesocialthreadsofour

own,anewwebofrelations;and,asmanythoughtsinsuccessionsubstantiate

themlves,weshallbyandbystandinanewworldofourowncreation,andno

ndshavecometome

stright,bythedivineaffinityof

virtuewithitlf,Ifindthem,orrathernotI,buttheDeityinmeandinthemderides

andcancelsthethickwallsofindividualcharacter,relation,age,x,circumstance,at

whichheusuallyconnives,anksIoweyou,

excellentlovers,whocarryouttheworldformetonewandnobledepths,andenlarge

renewpoetryofthefirstBard,—poetry

withoutstop,—hymn,ode,andepic,poetrystillflowing,ApolloandtheMus

e,too,paratethemlvesfrommeagain,orsomeofthem?I

knownot,butIfearitnot;formyrelationtothemissopure,thatweholdbysimple

affinity,andtheGeniusofmylifebeingthussocial,thesameaffinitywillexertits

energyonwhomsoeverisasnobleasthemenandwomen,whereverImaybe.

mostdangerousto

meto"crushthesweetpoisonofmisudwine"rsonisto

meagreatevent,ftenhadfinefanciesabout

personswhichhavegivenmedelicioushours;butthejoyendsintheday;ityieldsno

tisnotbornofit;eelpridein

myfriend'saccomplishmentsasiftheyweremine,—andapropertyinhisvirtues.I

feelaswarmlywhenheispraid,astheloverwhenhehearsapplauofhingaged

dnesmsbetter

thanourgoodness,hisnaturefiner,hingthatishis,—his

name,hisform,hisdress,books,andinstruments,—

thoughtsoundsnewandlarge漂亮女孩简笔画 rfromhismouth.

Yetthesystoleanddiastoleoftheheartarenotwithouttheiranalogyintheebband

ship,liketheimmortalityofthesoul,istoogoodtobebelieved.

Thelover,beholdinghismaiden,halfknowsthatsheisnotverilythatwhichhe

worships;andinthegoldenhouroffriendship,wearesurpridwithshadesof

tthatwebestowonourherothevirtuesinwhichhe

shines,andafterwardsworshiptheformtowhichwehaveascribedthisdivine

ctness,ct

e

feartocoolourlovebyminingforthemetaphysicalfoundationofthisElysiantemple?

ShallInotbeasrealasthethingsIe?IfIam,Ishallnotfeartoknowthemfor

snceisnotlessbeautifulthantheirappearance,thoughit

toftheplantisnotunsightlyto

science,sthazardthe

productionofthebaldfactamidstthepleasingreveries,thoughitshouldprovean

ostandsunitedwithhisthoughtconceives

nsciousofauniversalsuccess,eventhoughbought

ntages,nopowers,nogoldorforce,canbeany

tchoobutrelyonmyownpovertymorethanonyourwealth.

estardazzles;the

planethasafaint,hatyousayoftheadmirablepartsandtried

temperofthepartyyouprai,butIewellthatforallhispurplecloaksIshallnot

likehim,tdenyit,Ofriend,thatthe

vastshadowofthePhenomenalincludestheealsoinitspiedandpaintedimmensity,

—thee,also,tnotBeing,asTruthis,

asJusticeis,—thouartnotmysoul,stcome

tomelately,tthatthesoulputs

forthfriendsasthetreeputsforthleaves,andprently,bythegerminationofnew

buds,extrudestheoldleaf?

lenvironsitlfwithfriends,thatit

mayenterintoagranderlf-acquaintanceorsolitude;anditgoesaloneforaason,

thodbetraysitlfalongthe

tinctofaffectionrevivesthehopeof

unionwithourmates,andthereturningnofinsulationrecallsusfromthecha.

Thuverymanpasshislifeinthearchafterfriendship,andifheshouldrecord

histruentiment,hemightwritealetterlikethistoeachnewcandidateforhislove.

DEARFRIEND:—

IfIwassureofthee,sureofthycapacity,suretomatchmymoodwiththine,Ishould

verywi;

mymoodsarequiteattainable;andIrespectthygenius;itistomeasyetunfathomed;

yetdareInotpresumeintheeaperfectintelligenceofme,andsothouarttomea

ver,ornever.

Yettheuneasypleasuresandfinepainsareforcuriosity,e

toweavecobweb,endshipshurryto

shortandpoorconclusions,becauwehavemadethematextureofwineanddreams,

soffriendshipareaustereand

eternal,aveaimedata

swiftandpettybenefit,chattheslowestfruitin

thewholegardenofGod,

ekourfriendnotsacredly,butwithanadulteratepassionwhichwouldappropriate

rmedalloverwithsubtleantagonisms,which,as

soonaswemeet,begintoplay,all

ociationmustbeacompromi,and,whatisworst,the

veryflowerandaromaoftheflowerofeachofthebeautifulnaturesdisappearsas

erpetualdisappointmentisactualsociety,evenof

thevirtuousandgifted!Afterinterviewshavebeencompasdwithlongforesight,we

mustbetormentedprentlybybaffledblows,bysudden,unasonableapathies,by

epilepsiesofwitandofanimalspirits,

facultiesdonotplayustrue,andbothpartiesarerelievedbysolitude.

snodifferencehowmanyfriendsIhave,

andwhatcontentIcanfindinconversingwitheach,iftherebeonetowhomIamnot

eshrunkunequalfromonecontest,thejoyIfindinalltherestbecomes

dhatemylf,ifthenImademyotherfriendsmyasylum.

"Thevaliantwarriorfamoudforfight,

Afterahundredvictories,oncefoiled,

Isfromthebookofhonorrazedquite,

Andalltherestforgotforwhichhetoiled."

lnessandapathyareatoughhusk,in

dbelostif

itknewitlfbeforeanyofthebestsoulswereyetripeenoughtoknowandownit.

Respectthenaturlangsamkeitwhichhardenstherubyinamillionyears,andworksin

duration,dspiritofour

,whichistheesnceofGod,

isnotforlevity,othavethischildishluxuryin

ourregards,buttheausterestworth;letusapproachourfriendwithanaudacioustrust

inthetruthofhisheart,inthebreadth,impossibletobeoverturned,ofhis

foundations.

Theattractionsofthissubjectarenottoberesisted,andIleave,forthetime,all

accountofsubordinatesocialbenefit,tospeakofthatlectandsacredrelationwhich

isakindofabsolute,andwhichevenleavesthelanguageoflovesuspiciousand

common,somuchisthispurer,andnothingissomuchdivine.

Idonotwishtotreatfriendshipsdaintily,eyare

real,theyarenotglassthreadsorfrostwork,,

aftersomanyagesofexperience,whatdowekno商王 wofnature,orofourlves?Not

sweetsincerityofjoy

andpeace,whichIdrawfromthisalliancewithmybrother'ssoul,isthenutitlf,

sthehouthat

sheltersafriend!Itmightwellbebuilt,likeafestalbowerorarch,toentertainhima

r,ifheknowthesolemnityofthatrelation,andhonoritslaw!He

whooffershimlfacandidateforthatcovenantcomesup,likeanOlympian,tothe

greatgames,os

himlfforcontestswhereTime,Want,Danger,areinthelists,andhealoneisvictor

whohastruthenoughinhisconstitutiontoprervethedelicacyofhisbeautyfrom

tsoffortunemaybeprentorabnt,butallthe

speedinthatcontestdependsonintrinsicnobleness,

aretwoelementsthatgotothecompositionoffriendship,eachsosovereignthatIcan

detectnosuperiorityineither,

himImaythinkaloud.

Iamarrivedatlastintheprenceofamansorealandequal,thatImaydropeven

thoundermostgarmentsofdissimulation,courtesy,andcondthought,whichmen

neverputoff,andmaydealwithhimwiththesimplicityandwholenesswithwhich

ityistheluxuryallowed,likediademsand

authority,onlytothehighestrank,thatbeingpermittedtospeaktruth,ashavingnone

ntranceofa

condperson,yandfendtheapproachofourfellow-man

bycompliments,bygossip,byamuments,rupourthoughtfrom

man,who,underacertainreligiousfrenzy,cast

offthisdrapery,and,omittingallcomplimentandcommonplace,spoketothe

conscienceofeverypersonheencountered,

firsthewasresisted,sisting,asindeedhe

couldnothelpdoing,forsometimeinthiscour,heattainedtotheadvantageof

ould

thinkofspeakingfallywithhim,orofputtinghimoffwithanychatofmarketsor

rymanwasconstrainedbysomuchsinceritytothelike

plaindealing,andwhatloveofnature,whatpoetry,whatsymboloftruthhehad,he

ostofussocietyshowsnotitsfaceandeye,butits

dintruerelationswithmeninafalageisworthafitof

insanity,isitnot?everymanwemeetrequiressome

civility,—requirestobehumored;hehassomefame,sometalent,somewhimof

religionorphilanthropyinhisheadthatisnottobequestioned,andwhichspoilsall

iendisasanemanwhoexercisnotmyingenuity,but

ndgivesmeentertainmentwithoutrequiringanystipulationonmypart.A

friend,therefore,oneam,Iwhoenothingin

naturewhoexistenceIcanaffirmwithequalevidencetomyown,beholdnowthe

mblanceofmybeing,inallitsheight,variety,andcuriosity,reiteratedinaforeign

form;sothatafriendmaywellbereckonedthemasterpieceofnature.

oldentomenbyeverysortof

tie,byblood,bypride,byfear,byhope,bylucre,bylust,byhate,byadmiration,by

everycircumstanceandbadgeandtrifle,butwecanscarcebelievethatsomuch

therbesoblesd,and

wesopure,thatwecanofferhimtenderness?Whenamanbecomesdeartome,I

erylittlewrittendirectlytotheheartofthis

authorsays,—"IoffermylffaintlyandbluntlytothowhoIeffectuallyam,and

tendermylfleasttohimtowhomIamthemostdevoted."Iwishthatfriendship

shouldhavefeet,plantitlfontheground,

ttobealittleofacitizen,beforeitisquitea

exchangeof

gifts,ofufulloans;itisgoodneighbourhood;itwatcheswiththesick;itholdsthe

pallatthefuneral;andquitelossightofthedelicaciesandnobilityoftherelation.

Butthoughwecannotfindthegodunderthisdisguiofasutler,yet,ontheother

hand,wecannotforgivethepoetifhespinshisthreadtoofine,anddoesnot

substantiatehisromancebythemunicipalvirtuesofjustice,punctuality,fidelity,and

heprostitutionofthenameoffriendshiptosignifymodishandworldly

referthecompanyofploughboysandtin-peddlers,tothesilken

andperfumedamitywhichcelebratesitsdaysofencounterbyafrivolousdisplay,by

ridesinacurricle,offriendshipisa

commercethemoststrictandhomelythatcanbejoined;morestrictthananyof

raidandcomfortthroughalltherelationsand

tforrenedays,andgracefulgifts,andcountry

rambles,butalsoforroughroadsandhardfare,shipwreck,poverty,andpercution.

o

dignifytoeachotherthedailyneedsandofficesofman'slife,andembellishitby

courage,wisdom,ldneverfallintosomethingusualandttled,but

shouldbealertandinventive,andaddrhymeandreasontowhatwasdrudgery.

Friendshipmaybesaidtorequirenaturessorareandcostly,eachsowelltempered

andsohappilyadapted,andwithalsocircumstanced,(foreveninthatparticular,a

poetsays,lovedemandsthatthepartiesbealtogetherpaired,)thatitssatisfactioncan

otsubsistinitsperfection,saysomeofthowhoare

learnedinthiswarmloreoftheheart,quitesostrict

inmyterms,perhapsbecauIhaveneverknownsohighafellowshipasothers.I

pleamyimaginationmorewithacircleofgodlikemenandwomenvariously

relatedtoeachother,ndthis

lawofonetooneperemptoryforconversation,whichisthepracticeand

tmixasillasgood

llhaveveryufulandcheeringdiscouratveraltimeswithtwo

veralmen,butletallthreeofyoucometogether,andyoushallnothaveonenew

talkandonemayhear,butthreecannottakepartina

companythereisnever

suchdiscourbetweentwo,acrossthetable,astakesplacewhenyouleavethem

company,theindividualsmergetheiregotismintoasocialsoulexactly

ialitiesoffriend

tofriend,nofondnessofbrothertosister,ofwifetohusband,aretherepertinent,

maythenspeakwhocansailonthecomm中药材种植前景 onthoughtof

theparty,sconvention,whichgoodn

demands,destroysthehighfreedomofgreatconversation,whichrequiresanabsolute

runningoftwosoulsintoone.

Notwomenbut,beingleftalonewitheachother,s

tedmengivelittlejoyto

eachother;sometimesofagreat

talentforconversation,asifitwereapermanentpropertyinsomeindividuals.

Conversationisanevanescentrelation,—reputedtohavethought

andeloquence;hecannot,forallthat,

accuhissilencewithasmuchreasonastheywouldblametheinsignificanceofa

howhoenjoyhisthought,

hewillregainhistongue.

Friendshiprequiresthatraremeanbetwixtlikenessandunlikeness,thatpiqueach

ealonetothe

endoftheworld,ratherthanthatmyfriendshouldoverstep,byawordoralook,his

not

yjoyIhaveinhisbeingmine,isthatthenot

,whereIlookedforamanlyfurtherance,oratleastamanly

resistance,beanettleinthesideofyourfriend

ditionwhichhighfriendshipdemandsisabilitytodowithoutit.

ustbeverytwo,before

eanallianceoftwolarge,formidablenatures,mutually

beheld,mutuallyfeared,beforeyettheyrecognizethedeepidentitywhichbeneath

thedisparitiesunitesthem.

Heonlyisfitforthissocietywhoismagnanimous;whoissurethatgreatnessand

goodnessarealwayconomy;

othediamonditsagestogrow,norexpectto

ofchoosingourfriends,nceisagreatpartofit.

hehasmeritsthatarenotyours,andthat

youcannothonor,side;give

thomeritsroom;thefriendofyourfriend's

buttons,orofhisthought?Toagreathearthewillstillbeastrangerinathousand

particulars,ttogirlsandboysto

regardafriendasproperty,andtosuckashortandall-confoundingpleasure,instead

ofthenoblestbenefit.

uldwedecrate

nobleandbeautifulsoulsbyintrudingonthem?Whyinsistonrashpersonalrelations

withyourfriend?Whygotohishou,orknowhismotherandbrotherandsisters?

Whybevisitedbyhimatyourown?Arethethingsmaterialtoourcovenant?Leave

ge,athought,asincerity,

aglancefromhim,Iwant,butnotnews,tpolitics,andchat,and

notthesocietyofmy

friendbetomepoetic,pure,universal,andgreatasnatureitlf?OughtItofeelthat

ourtieisprofaneincomparisonwithyonderbarofcloudthatsleepsonthehorizon,

orthatclumpofwavinggrassthatdividesthebrook?Letusnotvilify,butraiitto

eat,defyingeye,thatscornfulbeautyofhismienandaction,do

notpiqueyourlf贯的组词 onreducing,phis

superiorities;wishhimnotlessbyathought,imas

betotheeforeverasortofbeautifulenemy,untamable,

devoutlyrevered,andnotatrivialconveniencytobesoonoutgrownandcastaside.

Thehuesoftheopal,thelightofthediamond,arenottobeen,iftheeyeistoonear.

TomyfriendIwritealetter,emstoyoualittle.

piritualgiftworthyofhimtogive,

ewarmlinestheheartwilltrustitlf,asitwillnottothe

tongue,andpourouttheprophecyofagodlierexistencethanalltheannalsofheroism

haveyetmadegood.

Respectsofartheholylawsofthisfellowshipasnottoprejudiceitsperfectflowerby

beourownbeforewecanbeanother's.

Thereisatleastthissatisfactionincrime,accordingtotheLatinproverb;—youcan

quosinquinat,e

whomweadmireandlove,leastdefectoflf-posssion

vitiates,inmyjudgment,anneverbedeeppeacebetween

twospirits,nevermutualrespect,until,intheirdialogue,eachstandsforthewhole

world.

Whatissogreatasfriendship,

besilent,—

youtocastaboutwhatyoushouldsaytothelectsouls,orhowtosayanythingto

such?Nomatterhowingenious,re

innumerabledegreesoffollyandwisdom,andforyoutosayaughtistobefrivolous.

Wait,tilthenecessaryandeverlastingoverpowers

you,yrewardofvirtueis

virtue;llnotcomeneareramanby

ke,hissoulonlyfleesthefasterfromyou,andyoushall

henobleafaroff,andtheyrepelus;why

shouldweintrude?Late,—verylate,—weperceivethatnoarrangements,no

introductions,noconsuetudesorhabitsofsociety,wouldbeofanyavailtoestablish

usinsuchrelationswiththemaswedesire,—butsolelytheupriofnatureinusto

thesamedegreeitisinthem;thenshallwemeetaswaterwithwater;andifwe

shouldnotmeetthemthen,weshallnotwantthem,ast

analysis,loveisonlythereflectionofaman'

havesometimexchangednameswiththeirfriends,asiftheywouldsignifythatin

theirfriendeachlovedhisownsoul.

Thehigherthestylewedemandoffriendship,ofcourthelesasytoestablishit

s,suchaswedesire,are

blimehopecheerverthefaithfulheart,thatelwhere,

inotherregionsoftheuniversalpower,soulsarenowacting,enduring,anddaring,

whichcanloveus,ongratulateourlvesthatthe

periodofnonage,offollies,ofblunders,andofshame,ispasdinsolitude,andwhen

wearefinishedmen,

admonishedbywhatyoualreadye,nottostrikeleaguesoffriendshipwithcheap

persons,atiencebetraysusintorashandfoolish

istinginyourpath,thoughyouforfeitthe

onstrateyourlf,soastoputyourlfoutofthe

reachoffalrelations,andyoudrawtoyouthefirst-bornoftheworld,—thorare

pilgrimswhereofonlyoneortwowanderinnatureatonce,andbeforewhomthe

vulgargreatshowasspectresandshadowsmerely.

Itisfoolishtobeafraidofmakingourtiestoospiritual,asifsowecouldloany

ercorrectionofourpopularviewswemakefrominsight,nature

willbesuretobearusoutin,andthoughitemtorobusofsomejoy,willrepayus

eel,ifwewill,urethat

Europe,orwepursuepersons,orwereadbooks,inthe

personsaresuchaswe;theEuropeanoldfadedgarmentofdeadpersons;thebooks

ven

bidourdearestfriendsfarewell,anddefythem,saying,'Whoareyou?Unhandme:I

willbedependentnomore.'Ah!estthounot,Obrother,thatthuswepartonlyto

meetagainonahigherplatform,andonlybemoreeachother's,becauwearemore

ourown?AfriendisJanus-faced:echildof

allmyforegoinghours,theprophetofthotocome,andtheharbingerofagreater

friend.

havethemwhereIcanfind

them,havesocietyonourownterms,andadmitor

isgreat,reatdays,

thentodedicatemylfto

hatImayizethem,nlythatI

maylothemrecedingintotheskyinwhichnowtheyareonlyapatchofbrighter

,thoughIprizemyfriends,Icannotaffordtotalkwiththemandstudy

theirvisions,dindeedgivemeacertainhouholdjoyto

quitthisloftyeking,thisspiritualastronomy,orarchofstars,andcomedownto

warmsympathieswithyou;butthenIknowwellIshallmournalwaysthevanishing

ue,nextweekIshallhavelanguidmoods,whenIcanwell

affordtooccupymylfwithforeignobjects;thenIshallregretthelostliteratureof

yourmind,oucome,perhapsyouwill

fillmymindonlywithnewvisions,notwithyourlfbutwithyourlustres,andIshall

lowetomyfriendsthis

eceivefromthem,notwhattheyhave,butwhatthey

allgivemethatwhichproperlytheycannotgive,butwhichemanates

meetasthoughwemetnot,andpartasthoughwepartednot.

IthamedtomelatelymorepossiblethanIknew,tocarryafriendshipgreatly,on

oneside,uldIcumbermylfwith

regretsthatthereceiverisnotcapacious?Itnevertroublesthesunthatsomeofhis

raysfallwideandvainintoungratefulspace,andonlyasmallpartonthereflecting

unequal,he

willprentlypassaway;butthouartenlargedbythyownshining,and,nolongera

mateforfrogsandworms,

greatwillethattruelovecannotbe

vetranscendstheunworthyobject,anddwellsandbroodsonthe

eternal,andwhenthepoorinterpodmaskcrumbles,itisnotsad,butfeelsridofso

muchearth,thingsmayhardlybesaid

enceoffriendshipintireness,a

tsits

objectasagod,thatitmaydeifyboth.