Laravel 5 框架入门（四）完结篇

page 和评论将使用 eloquent 提供的“一对多关系”。最终，我们将得到一个个人博客系统的雏形我们的歌简谱，并布置一个大作业，供大家实战练习。

1. 初识 eloquent

laravel eloquent orm 是 laravel 中非常重要的部分，也是 laravel 能如此流行的原因之一。中文文档在：

1.

2.

在前面的教程中已经建立好的 learnlaravel5/app/page.php 就是一个 eloquent model 类：

<?php namespace app;u illuminate\databa\eloquent\model;class page extends model { //}

若想进一步了解 eloquent，推荐阅读系列文章：深入理解 laravel eloquent

2. 创建 comment 模型

首先我们要新建一张表来存储 comment，命令行运行：

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan make:model comment

成功以后，修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/databa/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相应位置为：

schema::create('comments', function(blueprint $table){ $table->increments('id'); $table->string('nickname'); $table->string('email')->nullable(); $table->string('website')->nullable(); $table->text('content')->nullable(); $table->integer('page_id'); $table->timestamps();});

之后运行：

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan migrate

去数据库里瞧瞧，comments 表已经躺在那儿啦。

3. 建立“一对多关系”

修改 page 模型：

<?php namespace app;u illuminate\databa\eloquent\model;class page extends model { public function hasmanycomments() {  return $this->hasmany('app\comment', 'page_id', 'id'); }}

搞定啦~ eloquent 中模型间关系就是这么简单。

模型间关系中文文档：

4. 前台提交功能

修改 comment 模型：

<?php namespace app;u illuminate\databa\eloquent\model;class comment extends model { protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id'];}

增加一行路由：

复制代码 代码如下:

route::post(‘comment/store’, ‘commentscontroller@store’);

运行以下命令创建 commentscontroller 控制器：

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan make:controller commentscontroller

修改 commentscontroller：

<?php namespace app\http\controllers;u app\http\requests;u app\http\controllers\controller;u illuminate\http\request;u redirect, input;u app\comment;class commentscontroller extends controller { public function store() { if (comment::create(input::all())) {  return redirect::back(); } el {  return redirect::back()->withinput()->witherrors('评论发表失败！'); } }}

修改视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php：

@extends('_layouts.default')@ction('content') <h4>  <a href="/">⬅️返回首页</a> </h4> <h1 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px;">{{ $page->title }}</h1> <hr> <div id="date" style="text-align: right;">  {{ $page->updated_at }} </div> <div id="content" style="padding: 50px;">  <p>   {{ $page->body }}  </p> </div> <div id="comments" style="margin-bottom: 100px;">  @if (count($errors) > 0)   <div class="alert alert-danger">    <strong>whoops!</strong> there were some problems with your input.<br><br>    <ul>     @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)      <li>{{ $error }}</li>     @endforeach    </ul>   </div>  @endif  <div id="new">   <form action="{{ url('comment/store') }}" method="post">    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">    <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}">    <div class="form-group">     <label>nickname</label>     <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;" required="required">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>email address</label>     <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>home page</label>     <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>content</label>     <textarea name="content" id="newformcontent" class="form-control" rows="10" required="required"></textarea>    </div>    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-success col-lg-12">submit</button>   </form>  </div><script>function reply(a) { var nickname = a.parentnode.parentnode.firstchild.nextsibling.getattribute('data'); var textarea = document.getelementbyid('newformcontent'); textarea.innerhtml = '@'+nickname+' ';}</script>  <div class="conmments" style="margin-top: 100px;">   @foreach ($page->hasmanycomments as $comment)    <div class="one" style="border-top: solid 20px #efefef; padding: 5px 20px;">     <div class="nickname" data="{{ $comment->nickname }}">     @if ($comment->website)      <a href="{{ $comment->website }}">       <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>      </a>     @el      <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>     @endif      <h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6>     </div>     <div class="content">      <p style="padding: 20px;">       {{ $comment->content }学习语句}      </p>     </div>     <div class="reply" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px;">      <a href="#new" onclick="reply(this);">回复</a>     </div>    </div>   @endforeach  </div> </div>@endction

前台评论功能完成名人诚信小故事。

查看效果：

5. 后台管理功能

修改基础视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 为：

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta chart="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>laravel</title> <link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- fonts --> <link href='http://fonts.uso.com/css?family=roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'></head><body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header">  <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapd" data-toggle="collap" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collap-1">   <span class="sr-only">toggle navigation</span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>  </button>  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">learn laravel 5</a>  </div>  <div class="collap navbar-collap" id="bs-example-navbar-collap-1">  <ul class="nav navbar-nav">   <li><a href="/admin">后台首页</a></li>  </ul>  <ul class="nav navbar-nav">   <li><a h高分子ref="/admin/comments">管理评论</a></li>  </ul>  <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">   @if (auth::guest())   <li><a href="/auth/login">login</a></li>   <li><a href="/auth/register">register</a></li>   @el   <li class="dropdown">    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="fal">{{ auth::ur()->name }} <span class="caret"></span></a>    <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">    <li><a href="/auth/logout">logout</a></li>    </ul>   </li>   @endif  </ul>  </div> </div> </nav> @yield('content') <!-- scripts --> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body></html>

修改后台路由组（增加了一行）：

route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function(){ route::get('/', 'adminhomecomtroller@index'); route::resource('pages', 'pagescontroller'); route::resource('comments', 'commentscontroller');});

创建 admin\commentscontroller ：

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan make:controller admin/commentscontroller

admin/commentscontroller 要有 查看所有、查看单个、post更改、删除四个接口：

<?php namespace app\http\controllers\admin;u app\http\requests;u app\http\controllers\controller;u illuminate\http\request;u app\comment;u redirect, input;class commentscontroller extends controller { public function index() { return view('admin.comments.index')->withcomments(comment::all()); } public function edit($id) { return view('admin.comments.edit')->withcomment(comment::find($id)); } public function update(request $request, $id) { $this->validate($request, [  'nickname' => 'required',  'content' => 'required', ]); if (comment::where('id', $id)->update(input::except(['_method', '_token']))) {  return redirect::to('admin/comments'); } el {  return redirect::back()->withinput()->witherrors('更新失败！'); } } public function destroy($id) { $comment = comment::find($id); $comment->delete(); return redirect::to('admin/comments'); }}

接下来创建两个视图：

learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php：

@extends('app')@ction('content')<div class="container"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offt-1">   <div class="panel panel-default">    <div class="panel-heading">管理评论</div>    <div class="panel-body">    <table class="table table-striped">     <tr class="row">      <th class="col-lg-4">content</th>      <th class="col-lg-2">ur</th>      <th class="col-lg-4">page</th>      <th class="col-lg-1">编辑</th>      <th class="col-lg-1">删除</th>     </tr>     @foreach ($comments as $comment)      <tr class="row"> 男子spa      <td class="col-lg-6">        {{ $comment->content }}       </td>       <td class="col-lg-2">        @if ($comment->website)         <a href="{{ $comment->website }}">          <h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4>         </a>        @el         <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>        @endif        {{ $comment->email }}       </td>       <td class="col-lg-4">        <a href="{{ url('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank">         {{ app\page::find($comment->page_id)->title }}        </a>       </td>       <td class="col-lg-1">        <a href="{{ url('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>       </td>       <td class="col-lg-1">        <form action="{{ url('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="post" style="display: inline;">         <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="delete">         <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>        </form>       </td>      </tr>     @endforeach    </table>    </div>   </div>  </div> </div></div>@endction

learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php：

@extends('app')@ction('content')<div class="container"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offt-1">   <div class="panel panel-default">    <div class="panel-heading">编辑评论</div>    <div class="panel-body">     @if (count($errors) > 0)      <div class="alert alert-danger">       <strong>whoops!</strong> there were some problems with your input.<br><br>       <ul>        @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)         <li>{{ $error }}</li>        @endforeach       </ul>      </div>     @endif     <form action="{{ url('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="post">      <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="put">      <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">      <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}">      nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}">      <br>      email:      <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}">      <br>      website:      <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}">      <br>      content:      <textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea>      <br>      <button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button>     </form>    </div>   </div>  </div> </div></div>@endction

后台管理功能完成，查看效果：

6. 大作业
依赖于 page 的评论功能已经全部完成，个人博客系统雏形诞生。在本系列教程的最后，布置一个大作业：构建出 article 的前后台，并且加上 article 与 comment 的一对多关系，加入评论和评论管理功能。在做这个大作业的过程中，你将会反复地回头去看前面的教程，反复地阅读中文文档，会仔细阅读我的代码，等你完成大作业的时候，laravel 5 就真正入门啦~~

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。