lasvegas

1isaacasimov

和艾萨克·阿西莫夫是同义词，已合并。

当代美国最著名的科普作家、科幻小说家，文学评论家，美国科幻小说黄金

时代的代表人物之一。阿西莫夫一生著述近500本，是公认的科幻大师，与儒

勒·凡尔纳、H·G·威尔斯并称为科幻历史上的三巨头，同时还与罗伯特·海因

莱因、亚瑟·克拉克并列为科幻小说的三巨头。其作品以中《基地系列》、《银

河帝国三部曲》和《机器人系列》三大系列被誉为“科幻圣经”。曾获代表科

幻界最高荣誉的雨果奖和星云终身成就大师奖。小行星5020、《阿西莫夫科幻

小说》杂志和两项阿西莫夫奖都是以他的名字命名。

2个人简介

艾萨克·阿西莫夫（IsaacAsimov，1920年1月2日－1992年4月6日）

是出生于俄罗斯的美国犹太人作家，是生物化学教授，门萨学会会员。他创作

力丰沛，产量惊人，作品以科幻小说和科普丛书最为人称道。美国科幻小说黄金

时代的代表人物之一。

阿西莫夫一生创作和编辑过的书籍超过500册，据估计他至少写过9000封

的信函和明信片，著作类别除了阿西莫夫哲学类以外，几乎涵盖整个“杜威十

进制图书分类法”。阿西莫夫是公认的科幻大师，与儒勒·凡尔纳、H·G·威尔

斯并称为科幻历史上的三巨头，同时还与罗伯特·海因莱因、亚瑟·克拉克并

列为科幻小说的三巨头。阿西莫夫的作品中，以「基地系列」最为人称道，其它

的主要著作还有「银河帝国三部曲」和「机器人系列」，三大系列最后在「基

地系列」的架空宇宙中合归一统，被誉为“科幻圣经”。阿西莫夫笔下产出不少

短篇小说，其中《夜归》《Nightfall》曾获美国科幻作家协会（ScienceFiction

WritersofAmerica）票选为1964年前的最佳短篇小说。他也写推理小说和奇

幻小说，以及大量的非文学类作品，并曾用笔名保罗·法兰西（PaulFrench）

为青少年撰写科幻小说《幸运之星系列》。

阿西莫夫参与门萨学会多年，后来有点不甘愿的被任选为副会长，他说这个

学会的会员都「好逞能斗智」，相较之下，他更乐意担任美国人道协会（American

HumanistAssociation）的会长。小行星「5020Asimov」、《阿西莫夫科幻小

说》杂志和两项阿西莫夫奖都是以他的名字命名。[1]

阿西莫夫治学有方，他的科普著作多以史学手法阐述科学概念，尽可能细

数从头，理性分析科学脉络。提及某个科学家时，也会一并附上详细的背景资料，

诸如国籍、出生日期和死亡日期，并以语源学和发音方式介绍科技名词。这些

特点在他的《科学指南》（GuidetoScience）、三大卷的《认识物理学》

（UnderstandingPhysics）和《阿西莫夫的科学探索史纲》（Asimov'sChronology

ofScienceandDiscovery）里处处可见。

3个人魅力编辑本段

阿西莫夫有嗜幽癖，偏好狭小幽静的地方。他在第三本自传中回忆起，小时

候总是想拿本杂志躲进纽约地下铁的车站里，在列车轰隆隆的声响中，封闭自我，

享受阅读的乐趣。阿西莫夫怕坐飞机，一生中只坐过两次飞机（一次是在海军大

气实验室工作的时候，另一次是1946年从欧胡岛陆军基地退伍回家）。他很少

长途旅行，有部分是讨厌长途旅行就要坐飞机。他的几部小说里，都有惧飞症的

阴影，像是温达·厄斯（WendellUrth）的推理故事，和《机器人系列》的主要

角色伊利亚·贝莱。他晚年喜欢游轮旅行，有几次还在航程中的娱乐乘客，像在

皇家邮轮伊丽莎白女王二号（RMSQueenElizabeth2）上讲述科学。阿西莫夫

的演讲风格极富创意，幽默风趣，颇受欢迎，他在时间上的掌控精确非常，不抬

头看钟，却总能准时结束演说。阿西莫夫

阿西莫夫兴趣广泛，反应在晚年致力参与的大小团体上，他热爱吉尔伯特与

苏利文的轻歌剧，加入推理作家雷克斯·史托德（RexStout）笔下人物尼洛·伍

尔夫（NeroWolfe）的爱好团体伍尔夫协会（WolfePack），也是福尔摩斯爱好

组织贝克街游击队（BakerStreetIrregulars）的著名会员。从1985年到1992

年逝世为止，阿西莫夫担任美国人道协会会长，后来继任的是作家朋友库尔

特·冯内古特。他也是影集《星舰奇航记》之父吉恩·罗登贝瑞的挚交，在拍摄

《星舰迷航记》电影版期间，给予不少有用的建议。

阿西莫夫中等身材，健壮结实，蓄山羊胡，有着与众不同的布鲁克林意第绪

口音。他缺乏运动细胞，不会游泳，也不会骑脚踏车，不过他搬到波士顿之后，

倒是学会了开车。在他的幽默小品《AsimovLaughsAgain》里，形容在波士顿

开车根本是「开进无政府车阵」。

4学术立场编辑本段

阿西莫夫是人道主义和理性主义者。他不反对虔诚的宗教信仰，但是曾经多

次斥责迷信和伪科学可能导致劣币驱逐良币的后果。在他幼年时期，父母奉行东

正教犹太传统，不过比起在彼得罗维奇来得宽松，教条没有强压在阿西莫夫身

上。也由于他的成长过程中没有受到太多的宗教影响，长大后他认为圣经描绘的

故事是希伯来神话，就如同伊利亚特是希腊神话一样。阿西莫夫多年号称无神论

者，不过他自觉名不副实，解释他只是不相信的比相信的多，之后他发现用“人

道主义”来形容自己更为恰当。

在他最后的自传里，阿西莫夫说，“如果我不是无神论者，我会相信上帝宁

可拯救生民百姓，而非当只字词组中的典范。与其眷顾在电视上言必称上帝却口

是心非的传教士，他会更喜爱坦诚直率的无神论者”。同IsaacAsimov一本自

传里也说地狱是“胡说八道的虐待狂“乱跟慈悲的上帝攀关系。人类政府既然乐

于减刑，阿西莫夫纳闷，何不先从另一世的刑罚开始减起。他否定人类的信念或

行为，会导致无尽的惩罚。如果有另一世的存在，他主张，最恒久严酷的惩罚将

保留给那些”诋毁上帝，捏造地狱“的人。在他的《TreasuryofHumor》和《Asimov

LaughsAgain》作品里，有不少笑话跟宗教有关，诸如犹太基督上帝、撒但、伊

甸园和一些宗教话题，他表示一个笑话讲得好，能有刺激理性讨论的功用。

阿西莫夫在罗斯福新政期间成为美国民主党的铁杆支持者，从此成为政治自

由主义者。1960年代，他挺身发言反对越战，1970年代初期，他在电视访谈里

公开支持美国民主党总统候选人乔治·麦戈文（GeorgeMcGovern，他的对手是

总统宝座卫冕者尼克松）。1960年代末期，政治自由主义激进派不理性的运动

路线，让他感到难过。在自传《InJoyStillFelt》中，他回忆起跟反文化人士

艾比·霍夫曼（AbbieHoffman）的会面，对于这位1960年代反文化的情绪波动

特别印象深刻。他认为到最后，他们将搁浅在”精神的无人之地“，为众人遗弃。

（这项看法启发自杭特·汤普森著名的旅程《FearandLoathinginLasVegas》）

阿西莫夫使用核能的主张，在三哩岛核能电厂灾变后，损及与某些自由主义

的情谊。一封转载在《Yours,IsaacAsimov》的信里，他解释，尽管比起

与核子反应炉为邻，自己更喜欢居住在”没有危险的安全之地“，但是与其住在

贫民窟，他宁可有核能发电厂作伴。看是要选择爱河（LoveCanal，早年美国一

个垫基于废弃物弃置场上所发展的小区，造成居民健康上的严重问题，现已被迫

撤离）还是要”美国联合碳化物植物生产的异氰酸甲酯“。

阿西莫夫多次呼吁进行人口控制，他的观点是从托马斯·马尔萨斯到保

罗·艾瑞希（h）一脉相承。阿西莫夫表示自己男女平等的主张，

早于妇女解放运动，他开玩笑的说，他希望女性解放是”因为我讨厌被她们收钱

“。他认真争论过妇女权跟人口控制有密切的关联。除此之外，他认为同性恋在

人口中必须赋予”道德上的合法性“，应视同成年人无生殖结果的性活动。

Jan2,ghIsaacAsimovwasoneoftheworld’sbest-known

writersofsciencefiction,hisalmost500booksdealtwithsubjectsas

diverastheBible,worksforpreschoolers,collegecourwork,

mysteries,chemistry,biology,limericks,Shakespeare,Gilbertand

hisprolificcareerhehelpedto

elevatesciencefictionfrompulpmagazinestoamoreintellectuallevel.

HisworksincludetheFoundationtrilogy,TheRobotsofDawn,Robotsand

Empire,Nemesis,MurderattheA.B.A.(inwhichhehimlfwasacharacter),

TheGodsThemlvesandI,Robot,inwhichhepositedthefamousThree

ClockWeLiveOnisanaccessibleexplanation

wasbornnearSmolensk,Russia,and

diedatNewYork,NY,Apr6,1992.

Readmore:/topic/isaac-asimov#ixzz2uZDijtki

AsimovwasbornonJanuary2,1920,tomiddle-classJewishparentsin

Petrovichi,Russia,thenpartoftheSmolenskdistrictintheSovietUnion.

HisfamilyimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1923,ttlinginBrooklyn,

NewYork,1934,while

attendingBoysHighSchoolofBrooklyn,Asimovpublishedhisfirststory,

"LittleBrothers,"aterheenteredSeth

LowJuniorCollege,

transferredtothemaincampusin1936,whereheswitchedhismajorfrom

thenexttwoyearsAsimov'sinterestin

read

stprofessionally

publishedstory,"MaroonedoffVesta,"appearedinAmazingStoriesin1939.

istryin1939.

ervinginWorldWarII,Asimov

died

in1992.

AsimovreceivedhisgreatestpopularandcriticalacclaimforThe

FoundationTrilogy:ThreeClassicsofScienceFictionandhisrobotries.

CompridofFoundation,FoundationandEmpire,andSecondFoundation,

TheFoundationTrilogydescribesthe"futurehistory"ofavastgalactic

ksaboutrobots-mostnotablyI,Robot;TheCavesofSteel;

andTheNakedSun-didmuchtolegitimizesciencefictionbyaugmenting

thegenre'straditionalmaterialwiththenarrativestructuresofsuch

establishedgenresasmysteryanddetectivestories,whiledisplayinga

thematicconcernfortechnologicalprogressanditsimplicationsfor

itics,scientists,andeducators,however,believe

Asimov'sgreatesttalentwasforpopularizingor,ashecalledit,

"translating"ybooksonatomictheory,

chemistry,astronomy,andphysicshavebeenrecognizedfortheir

extraordinaryclarity,andAsimovhasbeenpraidforhisabilityto

synthesizecomplexdataintoreadable,ked

abouthisprodigiousoutputinsuchawiderangeoffields,Asimov

respondedlf-deprecatinglybysayingheneverhadathoughtthathe

didn'orialinTheWashingtonPostconcluded

thatheredefinedtherule"astohowmanythingsapersonisallowedto

beanexperton"andthathis"extraordinarycapabilitiesaside,[his]

breadthofinterestdervesmoreadmirationthanitgets."

IsaacAsimovis"theworld'smostprolificsciencewriter,"accordingto

soninTwentiethCenturyScience-FictionWriters,who"has

writtensomeofthebest-knownsciencefictioneverpublished."

Consideredoneofthethreegreatestwritersofsciencefictioninthe

1940s(t),Asimovhasremained

ssuchas"Nightfall"and"The

BicentennialMan,"andnovelssuchasTheGodsThemlvesandFoundation's

Edgehavereceivednumeroushonorsandarerecognizedasamongthebest

ftheworld'sleadingwriterson

science,explainingeverythingfromnuclearfusiontothetheoryof

numbers,Asimovhasilluminatedformanythemysteriesofscienceand

killedraconteuraswell,whoenlivenshiswriting

withincidentsfromhisownlife."Inhisautobiographicalwritingsand

comments,"statesJamesGunninIsaacAsimov:TheFoundationsofScience

Fiction,"Asimovcontinuallyinvitesthereadertosharehistriumphs,

tolaughathisblundersandlackofsophistication,andtowonder,with

him,attheritoprominenceofabrightJewishboybroughttothis

countryfromRussiaattheageofthreeandraidinacollectionof

Brooklyncandystores."

Asimov'sinterestinsciencefictionbeganwhenhefirstnoticedveral

oftheearlysciencefictionmagazinesforsaleonthenewsstandofhis

family'ghasaboyhereadandenjoyednumerous

volumesofnonfictionaswellasmanyoftheliterary"classics,"Asimov

recallsinInMemoryYetGreen,hisfirstvolumeofautobiography,hestill

hisfatherrefud,maintainingthatfictionmagazineswere"junk!„Not

ypeoplewhoreadmagazineslikethatarebums."And

bumsreprented"thedregsofsociety,apprenticegangsters."

ButinAugustof1929,anewmagazineappearedonthescenecalledScience

knewthataslongassciencefictionmagazineshad

titleslikeAmazingStories,hewouldhavelittlechanceofconvincing

r,thenewperiodicalhadtheword

"science"initstitle,andhesays,"Ihadreadenoughaboutscienceto

knowthatitwasamentallynourishingandspirituallywholesomestudy.

What'smore,Iknewthatmyfatherthoughtsofromouroccasionaltalks

aboutmyschool-work."Whenconfrontedwiththisargument,theelder

aacbegancollectingeventhoperiodicalsthat

didn'thave"science"s:"Iplannedtomaintainwith

allthestrengthatmydisposalthelegalpositionthatpermissionfor

onesuchmagazineimpliedpermissionforalltheothers,regardlessof

twasneeded,however;myharasdfatherconceded

everything."Asimovrapidlydevelopedintoanavidfan.

forsometimebeenreadingstoriesandthenretellingthemtohis

schoolmates,andstartedabooklikesomeofthepopularboys'ries

volumesofthe1920s:"TheRoverBoys,""TheBobbyTwins,"and"PeeWee

Wilson."Asimov'sstorywascalledTheGreenvilleChumsatCollege,

patternedafterTheDarewellChumsatCollege,anditgrewtoeight

,inInMemoryYetGreen,describes

theflawinhisinitialliteraryventure:"Iwastryingtoimitatethe

charactersweresmall-townboys,sominewere,forIimaginedGreenville

haracterswenttocollege,so

unately,ajunior-high-schoolyoungsterlivingina

shabbyneighborhoodinBrooklynknowsverylittleaboutsmall-townlife

,mylf,wasforcedeventuallyto

recognizethefactthatIdidn'tknowwhatIwastalkingabout."

Despiteinitialdiscouragements,st

publishedpieceappearedinhishighschool'sliterarymiannualandwas

accepted,hesays,becauitwastheonlyfunnypieceanyonewrote,and

ummerof1934,Asimovhada

letterpublishedinAstoundingStoriesinwhichhecommentedonveral

tinuingactivitiesas

afanbroughthimtothedecisiontoattemptasciencefictionpieceof

hisown;in1937,attheageofventeen,hebeganastoryentitled"Cosmic

Corkscrew."TheprocedureAsimovudtoformulatetheplotwas,hesays,

"lythoughtofsomescientific

gimmickandbuiltastoryaboutthat."

BythetimehefinishedthestoryonJune19,1938,AstoundingStories

ll,

whowastoinfluencetheworkofsomeofthemostprominentauthorsof

modernsciencefiction,,RobertHeinlein,Poul

Anderson,edeCamp,ampbellwas

alsooneofthebest-knownsciencefictionwritersofthethirtiesand

Astoundingoneofthemostprestigiouspublicationsinitsfieldatthe

time,Asimovwasshockedbyhisfather'ssuggestionthathesubmit"Cosmic

Corkscrew"lingthestorywouldhavecost

twelvecentswhilesubwayfare,roundtrip,

interestofeconomy,therefore,heagreedtomakethetriptothe

magazine'soffice,fullyexpectingtoleavethemanuscriptwitha

cretary.

Campbell,however,hadinvitedmanyyoungwriterstodiscusstheirwork

withhim,andwhenAsimovarrivedhewasshownintotheeditor'soffice.

Campbelltalkedforoveranhourandagreedtoreadthestory;twodays

eenrejected,

butCampbellofferedextensivesuggestionsforimprovementandencouraged

ganapatternthatwastocontinue

forveralyearswithCampbellguidingAsimovthroughhisformative

beginningsasasciencefictionwriter.

Asimov'sassociationwiththefieldofsciencefictionhasbeenalong

editedwiththeintroductionofveral

innovativeconceptsintothegenre,includingtheformulationofthe

"ThreeLawsofRobotics."Asimovmaintainsthattheideaforthelawswas

giventohimbyCampbell;Campbell,ontheotherhand,saidthathehad

merelypickedthemoutofAsimov'a,it

wasAsimovwhofirstformallystatedthethreelaws:"maynot

injureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingtocome

mustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeingxcept

must

protectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflict

withtheFirstorSecondLaws."Asimovsaysthatheudtheprecepts

asthebasisfor"overtwodozenshortstoriesandthreenovels„about

robots,"andhefeelsthatheis"probablymorefamousforthemthanfor

anythingelIhavewritten,andtheyarequotedevenoutsidethe

yword'robotics'wascoinedbyme."The

threelawsgainedgeneralacceptanceamongreadersandamongotherscience

fictionwriters;Asimov,inhisautobiography,writesthatthey

"revolutionized"sciencefictionandthat"nowritercouldwriteastupid

rymightbebadonother

counts,butitwouldn'tbestupid."Thelawsbecamesopopular,andemed

sological,thatmanypeoplebelievedrealrobotswouldeventuallybe

designedaccordingtoAsimov'sbasicprinciples.

AlsonotableamongAsimov'ssciencefictionworksisthe"Foundation"

oupofshortstories,publishedinmagazinesintheforties

andthencollectedintoatrilogyintheearlyfifties,wasinspiredby

EdwardGibbon'rittenas

a"futurehistory,"astorybeingtoldinasocietyofthedistantfuture

whichrelateventsofthatsociety'ceptwasnot

inventedbyAsimov,buttherecanbelittledoubtthathebecameamaster

tion,FoundationandEmpire,andSecond

Foundationhaveachievedspecialstandingamongsciencefiction

1966,theWorldScienceFictionConventionhonoredthem

withaspecialHugoAwardasthebestall-timesciencefictionries.

Evenmanyyearsaftertheoriginalpublication,Asimov'sfuturehistory

riesremainspopular-inthe1980s,fortyyearsafterhebeganthe

ries,Asimovaddedanewvolume,Foundation'sEdge,andeventually

linkedtheFoundationstorieswithhisrobotnovelsinTheRobotsofDawn,

RobotsandEmpire,FoundationandEarth,andPreludetoFoundation.

Asimov'sfirstfictionwrittenspecificallyforayoungeraudiencewere

his"LuckyStarr"1951,atthesuggestionofhisDoubleday

editor,hebeganworkingonariesofscience-fictionstoriesthatcould

easilybeadaptedfortelevision."Televisionwashere;thatwasclear,"

hewritesinInMemoryYetGreen."Whynottakeadvantageofit,then?

Radiohaditssuccessfullong-runningries,'TheLoneRanger,'sowhy

nota'SpaceRanger'modelledveryclolyuponthat?"DavidStarr:Space

Ranger,publishedunderthepudonymPaulFrench,introducedDavid

'Lucky'Starr,agentoftheinterplanetarylawenforcementagencythe

anyingLuckyonhisadventuresishissidekick,

JohnBigmanJones,ashort,toughmanbornandraidonthegreat

erthetwoofthemconfrontandoutwit

spacepirates,poisoners,madscientists,andinterstellarspies-humans

fromtheSirianstarsystem,whohavebecometheEarth'sworstenemies.

Althoughthe"LuckyStarr"riesrantosixvolumes,thetelevisiondeal

thatAsimovandhiditorenvisionednevermaterialized."Noneofus

dreamedthatforsomereason„televisionrieswouldveryrarelylast

morethantwoorthreeyears,"Asimovwrites."Wealsodidn'tknowthat

ajuveniletelevisionriestobecalled'RockyJones:SpaceRanger'was

alreadyintheworks."Anotherproblemtheriesfacedwasinthe

scientificbackgroundofthestories."Unfortunately,"stateJeanFiedler

andJimMeleinIsaacAsimov,"Asimovhadthebadlucktobewritingthe

storiesonthethresholdofanunprecedentedexplorationofoursolar

system'splanets,anexplorationwhichhasimmenlyincreadour

hisscientificpremis,soundin1952,

werelaterfoundtobeinaccurate."Inrecenteditionsofthebooks,Asimov

hasincludedforewordxplainingthesituationtonewreaders.

Asimov'sfirstnonfictionbookwasamedicaltextentitledBiochemistry

andHumanMetabolism,begunin1950andwrittenincollaborationwith

WilliamBoydandBurnhamWalker,twoofhiscolleaguesattheBoston

ecognizedhisabilityasan

explainerearlyinlife,andheenjoyedclarifyingscientificprinciples

discoveredthathewasamostable

NewYorkTimesinterviewerIsraelShenkerthathistalentliesinthefact

thathe"canreadadozendullbooksandmakeoneinterestingbookout

ofthem."TheresultwasthatAsimovwasphenomenallysuccessfulasa

hisdeathin1992,

Asimovcommented,"I'monfiretoexplain,andhappiestwhenit's

's

theeasiestwayIcanclarifythingsinmyownmind."

Readmore:/topic/isaac-asimov#ixzz2uZE1h3XK