2016年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1. The revelationof his past led to his resignation.

　　A. imagination B. disclosure

　　C. confirmation D.recall

　　答案为B. revelation(揭露) – disclosure(揭露)

　　2. Jennis a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.

　　A. careless B. cruel

　　C. strong D.hard

　　答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel

　　3. You’llhave to sprint if you want to catch the train.

　　A. jump B.escape

　　C. run D.prepare

　　答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)

　　4. We areworried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

　　A. changeable B. stable

　　C. suitable D.adaptable

　　答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) – changeable (易变的)

　　5. Thenew garment fits her perfectly.

　　A. haircut B.pur

　　C. clothes D.necklace

　　答案为C. garment(衣服) – clothes(衣服)

　　6. Thephobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.

　　A. fear B.joy

　　C. hurt D.memory

　　答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt (感情上的伤心或痛苦)

　　7. Theyhave to build canals to irrigate the dert.

　　A. decorate B. water

　　C. change D.visit

　　答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) – water(给…浇水)

　　8. Heroverall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.

　　A. disabled B.pupil

　　C. teenager D. baby

　　答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby (婴儿)

　　9. Thecoastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remainextremely cold.

　　A. warm B.vere

　　C. hard D.dry

　　答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)

　　10. Thedetails of the costume were totally authentic.

　　A. real B. outstanding

　　C. creative D. fal

　　答案为A. authentic(逼真的) – real (逼真的)

　　11. Weare aware of the potential problems.

　　A. global B. possible

　　C. ongoing D.central

　　答案为B. potential(可能的)- possible(可能的)

　　12. Theidea was quite brilliant.

　　A. positive B. clever

　　C. key D. original

　　答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的) – clever (聪明的)

　　13. Stockmarket price tumbled after rumor of a ri in interest rate.

　　A. regulated B. incread

　　C. maintained D. fell

　　答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)

　　14. Thecour gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.

　　A. coaching B. idea

　　C. term D. aspect

　　答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching（教导）

　　15. Allhous within 100 metres of the as at risk of flooding.

　　A. in danger B. out of control

　　C. between equals D. in particular

　　答案为A indanger of （处于危险中）— at risk of （处于风险中）

第2部分：阅读判断（第16——22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　The Theory of Everything

　　If Stephen Hawking lives until the year2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had arare dia. This dia caus a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the braincells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurswithin two or three years.

　　Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak.He cannot move his arms or his head. He can not taste of smell anything. Andyet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a positionheld by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.

　　Hawking Is often described as the greatestscientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He isalso known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold overeight million copies.

　　He says that since he does not have tothink about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about,such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his timeto thinking. This puts him in the perfect positionto find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. Hisquestion is: Is there a complete theory of the univer and everything in it?

　　Despite his tremendous physicaldisabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about theorigin of the univer, how the univer holds together, and how it willprobably end. He has also been able to explain the crets of “black holes”inspace. Now he is looking for a t of rules that everything in our univermust obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone willhave found the answer within the next 20 years.

　　If Stephen Hawking it able to find hisTheory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity tounderstand things that will change the whole nature of science and probablyalso the way we live.

　　16. StephenHawking will be 50 years old by 2017.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为B;

　　17. StephenHawking suffers from a rare brain dia.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为B;

　　18. StephenHawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.

　　A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为A；

　　19. A Brief History of Time is verydifficult for students to understand.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为B;

　　20. StephenHawking has much time to think becau he doesn't have to work.

　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为B;

　　21. StephenHawking has spent around ten years explaining the crets of……….

　　A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为： C.

　　22. TheTheory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in our……… follow.

　　A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

　　答案为A。

　　概括大意与完成句子

　　Geothermal(地热) Energy

　　1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regionsto cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards thesurface. In this way. it transfers to the next layer of rock. If thetemperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards theearth's surface. It often remains wen below the earth s surface, creating vastareas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allowrainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back upto the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, ifthis ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透 的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal rervoir. If geothermal rervoirs are cloenough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water andsteam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be ud to produce electricity ingeothermal power plants.

　　2 A few geothermal power plants depend ondry-steam rervoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In thecas, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbinegenerator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello inItaly, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.

　　3 Most currently operating geothermal powerplants are either "flash" steam plants or binary (双重的) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hotwater ranging in temperature from 300℃ to 700℃ Fahrenheit. This water is pasd through one or two paratorswhere relead from the pressure of the underground rervoir, itHashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides theenergy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water andsteam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volumeand pressure of the rervoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then beud again.

　　4 A rervoir with temperatures below 300℃ Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash am but it can still be ud togenerate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this(参照图片) isud to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled backinto the rervoir.

　　23.Paragraph 1_____C____

　　24.Paragraph 2____A_____

　　25.Paragraph 3____E_____

　　26.Paragraph 4____B_____

　　A. Dry steam plants

　　B. Binary plants

　　C. Origin of geothermal energy

　　D. Generation of electricity

　　E. Flash steam plants

　　F. Recyclable water and steam

　　27. A geothermal rervoir is formed when hotwater is trapped under__B____.

　　28. A dry-steam rervoir produces steam with___D___.

　　29. Flash plants produce hot water through___C___.

　　30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermalwater can be converted into__A____.

　　A. the energy to turn a turbine

　　B. impermeable rock

　　C. one or two parators

　　D. turbine operator

　　E. little or no water

　　F. hot springs

　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31——45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。

　　第一篇

　　Smart Windows

　　Windows not only let light in to cut downon electricity u for lighting, but thelight coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are notsomething people typically associate with an advanced technology. Reachersare now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change fromclear to dark and anything in between easily.

　　“It took us a long time to figure out whata window really is,”says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-statephysics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel whenthey’re stuck indoors

　　Yet. windows are the weak link in abuilding when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold airleaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlightcarries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people toturn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的)，actually sucks up enormous amountsof electricity in buildings around the world.

　　Windows have been a major focus of energyrearch for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a varietyof strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layeringwindows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further.They u chromogenic (发色的）technologies which involve changes of color.

　　Electrochromic (电致色的）windows u electricity tochange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemicalcompound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when anelectric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, whenthe amount of voltage(电压)is decread, the window darkens until it’s completely dark afterall electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether thewindow looks clear or dark.

　　One important feature that makes a smartwindow so smart is that it has a sort of“memory”. All it takes is a small changeof voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays thatway. Transits take anywhere from in10 conds to a few minutes, depending onthe size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean thatmassive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In thefuture,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”

　　31. Which of the following of values ofwindows is NOT mentioned?

　　A. Theylet light in to brighten the hou.

　　B. Theylet light in to heat the hou.

　　C. Theylet us have visual contact with the surrounding world.

　　D. They let us think about the outside world.

　　答案：D

　　32. The expression “when it comes to “ inParagraph 3 is ud to

　　A. signalthe arrival of a guest.

　　B. indicatethe recovery of consciousness.

　　C. show our understanding of something.

　　D. introduce a new aspect of a topic.

　　答案：D

　　33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windowsare the windows that

　　A. are coated.

　　B. are glazed.

　　C. have veral layers.

　　D.can change color.

　　答案：D

　　34. Whichparagraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows……

　　A. Paragraphs 5.

　　B. Paragraph3.

　　C. Paragraph4.

　　D. Paragraphs6.

　　答案：A

　　35. Asmart window is smart mainly becau

　　A. itcan change its size.

　　B. itcan change its structure.

　　C. itcan change the voltage of electricity.

　　D. it has a sort of memory.

　　答案：D

　　第二篇

　　Sports Star Yao Ming

　　If YaoMing is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly thetallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National BasketballAssociation (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.

　　But whatreally stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chine athletesare as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe arefascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbolof international commerce.

　　When Yaojoined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was thefirst international player ever to be lected first. His asts on the courtare clear enough 一 no NBA playerof his size has ever possd his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end ofthe court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is hisrole as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketballfans in China.

　　When itwas announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA ason andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. Afterconsiderable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgicallytreated in an operation that placed veral tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thoughthe estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to preparewith Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.

　　Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a ries of traditionalChine medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although newrearch from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compoundderived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.

　　“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’sbeen ud in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s shorton science.”

　　36. Theword“towering”in Paragraph 1 means

　　A. large.

　　B. fat.

　　C. tall.

　　D. great.

　　答案：C

　　37. Opponentsfind it very difficult to control Yao Ming becau of his

　　A. mobility.

　　B. assault.

　　C. defen.

　　D. celebrity.

　　答案：A

　　38. YaoMing had to undergo a ries of TCM treatments becau

　　A. hisright foot had been hurting.

　　B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

　　C. thesurgical operation had been a failure.

　　D. hecouldn't afford all the medical expens.

　　答案：B

　　39. Whichstatement about Yao Ming is NOT true?

　　A. He misd the Athens Olympics.

　　B. Heis an NBA player.

　　C. Hefractured his left foot.

　　D. Heis an international figure.

　　答案：A

　　40. Ingeneral, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is

　　A. indifferent.

　　B. positive.

　　C. negative.

　　D. doubtful.

　　答案：D

　　第三篇

　　Can You Hear This?

　　When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. The are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.

　　The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,becau each u of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms ud for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween.

　　Acoustic problems often are caud by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的）wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect.Large pillars (柱）and comerscan cau acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of the problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors tochange the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors,called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflectand others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.

　　41 This passage is mainly about

　　A. Sound waves and their effects.

　　B. the types of music orchestras play.

　　C. walls of an auditorium.

　　D.the design of an auditorium.

　　答案：D

　　42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonieswith full-sound effect have

　　A. a short reverberation time.

　　B. an intermediate reverberation time.

　　C. no reverberation time.

　　D. along reverberation time.

　　答案：D

　　43. This passage suggests that a goodauditorium should

　　A. get rid of all reflections.

　　B. not have absorbers.

　　C.achieve a pleasing mixture of sound

　　D. have smooth surfaces.

　　答案：C

　　44. Large pillars and corners may

　　A. make sound rich and full.

　　B. be cures for sound problems.

　　C.be sources of sound problems.

　　D. function as effectively as clouds.

　　答案：C

　　45. The word" acoustic" in thelast paragraph has something to do with

　　A. performance

　　B.sound

　　C. audience

　　D. weather

　　答案：B

　　补全短文

　　What Is a Dream?

　　For centuries, people have wondered about thestrange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that thisnighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an importantpart of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us abouta person’s mind and emotions.

　　Before modern times, many people thought thatdreams contained messages from God. ___E________(46)

　　The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person tostudy dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are anexpression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people toexpress the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express inreal life.

　　The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 wasonce a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpo ofa dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. ______F_____(47) Forexample, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high anopinion of themlves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroesmay learn that they think too little of themlves.

　　Modern-day psychologists continue to developtheories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from theUniversity of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life,thoughts, and behavior. ______C_____(48)

　　Domhoff believes that there is a connectionbetween dreams and age. His rearch shows that children do not dream as muchas adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time todevelop.

　　He has also found a link between dreams andgender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. ____A_______(49)This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this genderdifference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, includingboth modern and traditional ones.

　　Can dreams help us understand ourlves?Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. _____D______(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event willactually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is notthe real world.

　　A. For example, the people in men's dreamsare often other men. and the dreams often involve fighting.

　　B. Men and women dream about differentthings.

　　C. A criminal, for example, might dreamabout crime.

　　D. However, one thing they agree on this:If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.

　　E. It was only in the twentieth centurythat people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

　　F. He thought people could leam more aboutthemlves by thinking about their dreams.

　　完形填空

　　Warmer Climate Will Bake TropicalBugs

　　Globalwarming could cook tropical incts, with unpredictable knock-on effects, sayrearchers who warn that rising temperatures also______(51) tropical frogs,lizards (蜥蜴).

　　Temperaturesare ______ (52) to increa much faster in temperate(温和的) andpolar（极地的）regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affectincts and other cold-blooded animals ______ (53) had evolved in tropicalregions with little temperature variation.

　　CurtisDeutsch at the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analyddata ______ (54) inct survival and reproduction for 38 species in differentecosystems（生态系统）, andthen estimated how the values would ______ (55) with predictions of climatechange for the 21st century.

　　Theteam found that the reproductive ______ (56) of tropical incts tends to peakvery clo to the temperatures where they normally live, but______ (57) sharplyat higher temperatures. This means that cranking up （提高）theheat only a small amount can exert a heavy toll, leaving incts unable toreproduce ______ (58) enough to keep up their numbers.

　　Temperaturetolerance

　　Temperateincts reproduce well over a broader range, and do not live as ______ (59) totheir thermal(热的)limit, so they can reproduce successfully when their climate warms more than inthe tropics.

　　“Tropicalincts do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but move them above that______ (60) and they die,” says team member Josh Tewksbury of the University ofWashington in Seattle.

　　Theheart of the ______ (61) is temperature tolerance. emperate-zone incts haveevolved to survive the much broader temperature swings of asonal climates,than have their tropical relatives.

　　The______ (62) appears wor for animals that live in hot stable climate of thelower levels of tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cooldown, but tho living in the forest are already in the ______ (63), andthere's not much they can do to get cooler, Deutsch says.

　　Too fewtropical incts have been studied so far to ______ (64) if any particulargroup will be particularly hard-hit, says Tewksbury. Incts play important______ (65) in forest ecology（生态学）, including pollination, and eatingdetritus to recycle carbon.

　　Theteam are now starting to evaluate how temperature affects ecologicalinteractions of incts with other species, including crops such as Africancorn.

　　参考答案：

　　51 threaten　　52 expected　　53 that　　54 on　　55 change

　　56 rate　　 57 drops　 　58 sucessfully　　59 clo　　60 range

　　61 problem　　62: effect　　63 shade　　 64 tell　　65 roles