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商君书·立本的原文及翻译
立本
作者:商鞅
凡用兵,胜有三等,若兵未起则错法,错法而俗成,而用具。此三者必行于境内,而后兵可出也。行三者有二势:一曰辅法而法行,二曰举必得而法立。故恃其众者谓之葺,恃其备饰者谓之巧,恃誉目者谓之诈。此三者,恃一,因其兵可禽也。故曰:强者必刚斗其意,斗则力尽,力尽则备,是故无敌于海内。治行则货积,货积则赏能重矣。赏壹则爵尊,爵尊则赏能利矣。
故曰:兵生于治而异,俗生于法而万转,过势本于心而饰于备势。三者有论。
故强可立也。是以强者必治,治者必强;富者必治,治者必富;强者必富,富者必强。故曰:治强之道三,论其本也。
文言文翻译:
凡是用兵作战,获胜的根本有三:军队还没有出征就推行法治;推行法治,使民众形成专心从事农耕和作战的风气;风气形成了,那战争所需要的人、财、物等工具便有了。这三个方面的因素在国内具备了,然后军队才能出征。实现这三点有两个条件,一是君主辅助推行法治,法治才能实行,二是君主言行一定要合乎法度,法治才能确立。如果仗着自己人多势众,那就像用茅草盖房子,虽然多但不结实。依仗武器装备美观那叫浮华取巧,却不实用。仗着虚名那叫欺诈虚伪。这三个方面,君主依赖其中一条,那他的军队就一定被对方战胜。所以强大的国家一定要使他的军队具备勇敢顽强地战斗意志,有了斗志就能尽全力打仗,拼尽了全力打仗,军队就会有无穷的潜力,这样的军队才能无敌于天下。国家的政策法令实行了,财富就会积累起来,财富积累起来,那国这家的奖赏就能增加。奖赏专门发给有战功的人,君主颁发的爵位就尊贵,爵位尊贵,国家的奖赏就会产生有利的.效果。所以说军队诞生于政治,而又因政策的不同而差异,风俗有法治的约束才能形成,而又随法治不断发生变化,取得胜利的优势在于民心,而又因武器的精良而增加。这三个方面清楚了国家就强大就可以确立了。因此,强大的国家一定社会安定,社会安定的国家一定强大;富裕国家一定能治理好,治理好的国家一定富裕;强大的国家一定富裕,富裕的国家一定强大。所以说社会安定强大的原因有三个方面,一定要弄清它的根本。
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《欧阳晔决狱》原文及翻译(欧阳晔明断译文)
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