托福阅读真题2022
为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1
PASSAGE 10
One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates — including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bas, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The u of home bas is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal rved at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home ba behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to u home bas, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and w
hat the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.
One innovative approach to the issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Rearchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as cloly as possible and then try to u them as the originals might have been ud, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is ud, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food — meat and marrow — from large animal carcass. Fossil bones with cut marks caud by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increas scientists certainty a
bout when human ancestors began to eat more meat than prent-day nonhuman primates. But veral questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the incread u of meat coincides with the beginnings of the u of home bas.
1. The passage mainly discuss which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?
(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices
(B) The creation of stone hunting tools
(C) Social interactions at home bas
(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcass
2. According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is
(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates
(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat
(C) an indication of social unity
(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits
3. The word consumed in line 4 is clost in meaning to
(A) prepared
(B) stored
(C) distributed
(D) eaten
4. According to paragraph 2, rearchers make copies of old stone tools in order to
(A) protect the old tools from being worn out
(B) display examples of the old tools in muums
(C) test theories about how old tools were ud
(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools
5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which early
stone tools were ud EXCEPT to
(A) build home bas
(B) obtain food
(C) make weapons
(D) shape wood
6. The word innovative in line 13 is clost in meaning to
(A) good
(B) new
(C) simple
(D) costly
7. The word them in line 15 refers to
(A) issues
(B) rearchers
(C) tools
(D) specimens
8. The author mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of
(A) decorations cut into wooden objects
(B) differences among tools made of various substances
(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones
(D) indications of wear on stone tools
9. The word extract in line 19 is clost in meaning to
(A) identify
(B) remove
(C) destroy
(D) compare
10. The word whether in line 26 is clost in meaning to
(A) if
(B) how
(C) why
(D) when
托福阅读真题2
PASSAGE 11
Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diver array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. The can be divided into preformed or passive defen mechanisms and inducible or active systems. Passive plant defen compris physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by incts or may even puncture and kill inct larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize incts.
