教育词汇
educational history 学历educational background 教育程度educational system 学制
academic year 学年
term/ mester 学期
diploma 文凭
tuition 学费
School 学校
fee-paying school 付费学校/私立学校public school 公立学校
regular school 普通学校
primary/elementary school 小学
high/middle school 中学
university 大学
college 学院
academy 高等专科院校
normal school 师范院校Curriculum 课程
cours taken 所修的课程
major 主修课
minor 辅修课
specialized cour 专业课compulsory cour 必修课
optional cour 选修课
Activities 各项活动
social practice 社会实践extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动
social activities 社会活动
Rewards 奖励
scholarship 奖学金
excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部
"Three Goods" student 三好学生
Faculty and Students 教师和学生
principal 中学校长(美)
headmaster 中小学校长(英)
master 小学校长(美)
Party branch cretary 党支部书记
League branch cretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization 组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员
dean of studies 教务处长
dean of students 教导主任
department chairman 系主任
professor 教授
associate professor 副教授
guest professor 客座教授
lecturer 讲师
teaching assistant 助教
supervisor 论文导师
post doctorate 博士后
doctor(Ph.D) 博士
master 硕士
bachelor 学士
graduate student 研究生
abroad student 留学生
undergraduate 本科生
government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生
day-student 走读生
boarder 寄宿生
evening student 夜校生
guest student 旁听生(英)/auditor 旁听生(美)repeater 留级生
freshman 大学一年级学生
sophomore 大学二年级/高中一年级学生
junior 大学三年级/高中二年级学生
nior 大学四年级/高中三年级学生
alumnus 校友
master 男教师
工作、薪酬词汇
personnel system 人事制度
personnel management 人事管理
office hour 办公时间
company time 工作时间
work hour 工作时间
eight-hour shift 八小时工作制
shift 轮班
morning ssion 上午班
evening/night shift 小/大夜班
day shift 日班
attendance book 签到本
late book 迟到本
day off 休息日
coffee break 上班中的休息时间
workday 工作日
working condition 工作环境
work permit 工作证
work overtime 加班
holiday rotation 节假日轮流值班
traveling allowance(for official trip) 差旅费
payroll 工资册
salary 薪水(指付给一个人的固定劳动补偿)
wage 工资(为劳动或服务所付的报酬,尤指按小时、天数、周或按工作量所付的薪酬)
salary rai 加薪
windfall 外快
annual pension 年薪
year-end bonus 年终奖
bonus 奖金
premium 红利
overtime pay 加班费
punch the clock 打卡
time recorder 打卡机
sneak out 开溜
internship 实习
on probation 试用
probation staff 试用人员
agreement of employment 聘书
evaluation of employee 员工考核
employee evaluation form 考核表
merit pay 绩效工资
dock pay 扣薪
unpaid leave 无薪假
before-tax salary 税前薪水
income tax 所得税
take-home pay/after-tax salary 税后净薪
relea pay 遣散费
verance pay 解雇费
salary deduction 罚薪
casual leave 事假
sick leave 病假
“五险一金”
endowment insurance 养老保险
medical insurance 医疗保险
unemployment insurance 失业保险
employment injury insurance 工伤保险
maternity insurance 生育保险
housing fund 住房公积金
常见中文俗语谚语英译技巧
1. 人山人海:在诗词用语(poetic expression)里,英美人也有使用:“a (the) a of faces”,颇有咱的“人山人海”的味道。例如:Looking out upon the a of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望着一片人山人海的听众,A先生发表一篇动人的演说。)Standing at his podium, President Clinto
n saw a a of faces waving at him.(克林顿总统站在讲台上看到人山人海的人群挥手向他致意。)。可见,说话者通常要在台上或高处,才有“人海”的感觉。因此,可以说:“I saw a a of faces from the top of the building. ”但在平地的人群中,就不说:“I saw the a of faces.” 也不说:“There is a a of faces.”只说:“I saw a large crowd of people.”
2、家家有本难念的经:有人译成:“Every family cooking-pot has a black spot.”(意思是:每个家庭的锅子都有黑色的污点。)这样说法,英美人恐怕不能充分了解。不过英美人最常见的说法是:“Many families have skeletons in the clot.(许多家庭的衣柜里都有骨骸,骨骸
就是指家丑。)”;或者说:“Every family has its own source of shame.(每个家庭都有自己的丑事)”;说白些,就是:“Every family has its own problem.”
3、天下无不散的宴席:有人直译为:“There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.” 英美人听后,也许很难体会其中意义。如果按照美语说法,也许更易理解:“All good things come to an end.(意思是:所有好的事情,总有结束的一天。)”;假如是指好友最后也有分别的一天,那么可以说:“Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart.(bosom friend是指知心的好友)”
4、平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚:有人照字面意思直译为:“When times are easy, we do not burn the incen, but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the Buddha.”这种说法,英美人也会一
知半解。美语里一般说法是:“Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity.(要每天敬拜神,不是只在困难时。)”;对学生也可以说:“If you study hard every day, exams will not em overwhelming.(如果你每天用功,考试就不会形成压力。)”
5、挂羊头,卖狗肉:有人照字直译为:“He advertis mutton, but lls dog’s flesh.”或“He hangs up a sheep’s head at the shop front and lls dog meat.”这两种译法,恐怕英美人都难理解,尤其谈到“狗肉”,他们更会反感,因为狗是他们最爱的宠物,不过英美人倒有相近的说
法:“He applied bait-and-switch tactics in business.(他经商的策略是先顾客来,再改变货物的品质。)”,“Bait-and-switch”当名词用,也可不用连字号“This store us bait and switch policy.” 或者简单的说:“Let the buyer be aware!(让消费者提高警觉)”或“Say one thing and do another.”
6、一言既出,驷马难追:有人译成:“One word lets slip and four hors will fail to catch it. 或 A statement that once let loo cannot be caught by four galloping hors.”这两种说法,中文味道嫌重,英美人未必理解。不过他们倒有类似的说法:“A word once let go cannot be recalled.”或者说:“You cannot take back what you have said.(你说出的话,就不能再收回来。)”
7、祸从口出,言多必失:有人译为:“The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.”英美人听了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好说成:“Careless talk leads to trouble.(不小心说话,会带来麻烦)或“The les
s said the better.(说的愈少愈好)”甚至也可以说:“Shut the mouth and open the eyes.(闭嘴少说,张眼多看。)”