Adj
Adj reprents character, status and amount.
eg. character: 勇敢(brave) 聪明(smart) 深(deep) 软(soft)
status : 火热(hot) 冰凉(cold) 苍白(pale)
amount: 许多(many) 足够(enough) 全部(total)
一、 main function
(一) most of them can be decorated by “not”(不) and “very”(很)
eg. 不漂亮(not beautiful) 不厚(not thick)
不清楚(not clear) 不全(not complete)
eg. 很好(very good) 很多(very much) 很难过(very sad)
很深(very deep)
(二) usually as the predicate , cannot be with object
山高(high mountain) 衣服干净(clean clothes)
人少(few people)
(三) decorate nouns(as attributive adjunct), some of adj can decorate verbs(as complement)
eg. ①黑头发(black hair) 美好生活(nice life) 许多人(many people)
②听起来有趣(sounds interesting)
二、 classification
(一) character adj
They are usually decorated by “很,十分,非常(very)”.
eg. 很自由(very freedom) 非常开心(very happy)
(二) status adj
They reprent the status of things, more descriptive.
1 AB form
雪白(snow white) 冰凉(ice-cold) 火热(burning hot)
2 ABB form
白茫茫 (a vast expan of whiteness) 香喷喷(sweet smelling) 毛茸茸(rong2)(shaggy) 孤零零(lonely and helpless)
3 special forms
糊里糊涂(mixed up) 老实巴交(credulous)
Status adj cannot be decorated by adverbs of degree. You could say “很热(very hot)” but you can’t say “很火热”,becau status adj contains the description of degree.
When status adj as the predicate and attributive adjunct , they are with “的”。
eg. predicate : 一个人孤零零的
attributive adjunct :冰凉的水(ice cold water)
(三) non predicate adj
They can be attributive adjunct but cannot be predicate. Becau they reprent attributes of things, they distinguish things.
eg. 单/双(single/double) 男/女(male/female)
主要/次要(main/condary) 金/银(golden/silver)
真/假(true/fal) 个别/共同(individual/common)
1 Decorate nouns directly as attributive adjunct
eg. 金项链(golden necklace) 女歌手(female singer)
2 Cannot be predicate, complement, subject and object alone, but with “的”,they can be subject and object.
eg. 人造的水晶比天然的便宜。(The artificial crystal is cheaper than natural.)
3 不+non predicate adj( wrong) 非+non predicate adj(correct)
eg. 非正式(informal) 非进口(non import)
Differences between non predicate adj and usual adj(character adj and status adj):
| Non predicate adj | Usual adj |
As attributive adjunct | √ | √ |
As predicate, complement | × | √ |
If can plus “不” | × | √ |
| | |
三、 Reduplicated adj (take the role of emphasis)
(一) Monosyllabic :AA
eg. 长长的(长长的路)long road
小小的(小小的愿望)tiny wish
multisyllabic : AABB
eg. 快快乐乐(happy) 清清楚楚(clear)
(二) The reduplicated Status adj AB forms is ABAB
eg. 雪白雪白 冰凉冰凉