【词汇讲解】 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia 课文精讲
1. What is happening ? 正在发生什么呢?
happen一词的主要用法有:
(1)主语为“事件、事情、情况”等时,意思为“发生、偶然发生”。例如:
The accident happened at three o’clock. 事故是三点钟发生的。
(2)不用进行时态。指运气的好坏,意思为“碰巧,恰好”。具体用法有三种①主语常为人或it:happen+不定式;②It(形式主语)+ happen+ that从句(真正主语);③happen+ to sb. / sth. 意思为“某人/某物出… … 事,发生了… … 情况”。例如:
You happened to be out when I came to your hou.
当我到你家时,你正碰巧出去了。
要注意happen 与take place 的区别:
happen 一般指偶然发生,而take place则指按事先的安排或计划。例如:
When did the accident happen? 这起车祸是什么时候发生的?
Elections take place every four years.
注意:happen与 take place都没有被动语态。
2.What should you do in a sandstorm to protect yourlf ? 在风沙暴中你应该做什么来保护你呢?
(1)protect 作动词时,意思为“保护,保卫,警戒”,例如:
It’s my duty to protect my sister. 保护妹妹是我的责任。
Protect sb. from harm 保护某人免受伤害
(2)protection 作名词,为不可数名词时,意思为“保护”;作可数名词时,意思为“保护物。保护者”。例如:
under the protection of government 在政府的保护之下
various protects against cold 各种防寒装置
(3)protective 作形容词,意思为“保护的,防护的”,例如:
protective clothing 防护衣 protective foods 保健食品
3.They are often so thick that you can not e the sun. 他们是如此的厚,以至于你不能看到太阳。
这里要注意so...that... 与such...that 的区别。
(1)两者均表示“如此以至于”,一般情况下so 的后面接形容词或副词;such 后面接“名词”或“形容词+ 名词”。如:
Smith’s parents were so poor that they could not nd him to school. 史密斯的父母穷得送不起他上学。
(2)但many , much ,few 及little 这几个表示数量“多”或“少”的词,不管其后有没有形容词,均与so 连用。如:
The boy had had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 这男孩子摔得那么重以至于全身都是青一块紫一块的。
(3) “such + a (n) + 形容词+ 可数名词单数”,可以转换为“so +形容词+a (n) + 可数名词单数”。如:
夜如此之美,我真想出去走走。
[误] It was so a beautiful night that I wanted to walk.
[正] It was such a beautiful night that I wanted to walk.
[正] It was so beautiful a night that I wanted to walk.
(4) so that 既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,引导目的状语从句时,从句中常含有情态动词。如:
Let’s take the front ats so that we may e more clearly. 我们坐前排吧,可以看得清楚。
She stayed at home so that she might take care of her mother. 她呆在家里为了能够照顾她的母亲。
4.To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience. 陷在风尘暴中是一次可怕的经历。
从句中的to have been caught in a sandstorm是句子的主语。当不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。真正的主语可以是不定式,也可以是句子、动名词或短语。
It is difficult to travel in that forest. 在森林里旅行是很困难的。
It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 听到他那样说,我们很生气。
另外还要注意experience 的用法:
(1) 当意思为“经验”时,为不可数名词,例如:
The job requires a lot experience .这工作需要丰富的经验。
(2)当意思为“体验,经历”时,为可数名词,例如:
What was you experience with the task ?你对这项任务有什么体验?
(3)作动词时,意思为“经历,体验,感受,遭受’,例如:
I have experienced what hardships mean. 我体验过艰苦的生活。
5.Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. 沙尘暴有时影响北京。
(1)sometimes ,副词,没有比较级和最高级,意思为“有时”,例如:
I sometimes have letters from him. 我有时收到他的来信。
(2)辨析sometimes, some time 和sometime 的用法:
some time 指某一段时间,也作“改日,来日”讲,在这个意义上相当于 some day ,例如:I’ll come to e you again some time next month. ; sometime 指某一个不明确的时间,用于过去时态,将来时态都可以,例如:It happened sometime last month. ; sometimes 意思为“有时,间或”,可用于句首、句中或句末。例如:Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Saturday.
6. But the strength of the storm sometimes surpris people . 但是有时沙尘暴的力量会令人吃惊。
在这里要注意surpri, surprising , surprid 三个词的区别:
surpri 可作及物动词也可作名词。表示“惊奇,惊异”时,surpri 是不可数名词,作“使人惊奇的事或东西”时,surpri 是可数名词。例如:
The news greatly surprid me. 这个消息使我非常惊讶。(surpri 作动词)
He heard the news without surpri. 他毫不感到惊讶地听到了这个消息。(surpri 作不可数名词)
His success was a great surpri. 他的成功是非常惊讶的事。(surpri 作可数名词)
surprid 为形容词,意思是“惊奇的“;或者是过去分词作表语“感到惊奇”,例如:
He didn’t notice the surprid look on her face. 他没有注意到她脸上的表情。
I’m surprid to hear you say so. 听你这样说,我很惊讶。
surprising 为形容词,意思是“令人惊讶的”,如:
It is surprising that they should choo the method of passing the evening. 他们竟选择这样的方法来度过那个夜晚,真是令人吃惊。
7.So if you want to go out ,you’d better wear a mask. 因此如果你想出去,你最好戴一件面具。
(1)go out在这里意思为“出去”,它还有“ (灯、火)熄灭”的意思。另外go 组成的常见词组还有:go ahead with 继续进行;go by (时间)过去,经过(地点);go down 下去,下沉;go home 回家; go on 继续;go on doing sth. 继续做(同一件)事;go on to do sth.
做完一件事后接着做另一件事;go on strike 举行罢工;go up 上升,攀登,增长。;go over 复习;go through 通过,仔细查看;go wrong 走错路,行为变坏等等。
(2)wear是“穿着”]“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩带首饰、留长发等,强调“穿着”的状态。例如:
She likes to wear red clothes. 她喜欢穿红衣服。
I’m wearing a ring today. 我今天戴了戒指。
put on 是“穿上”、“戴上”的意思,用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等,着重于穿戴的动作。例如:
He put on his coat and went out . 他穿上外套走了出去。