医学英语课后翻译习题答案9-12
Unit 9
1鉴别诊断Differential diagnosis
2 流行病学Incidence and epidemiology
3 银屑病关节炎Psoriatic arthritis
4骨关节炎Osteoarthritis
5 寰枢关节Atlantoaxial joint
6 齿突Odontoid prcess
7 腰椎Lumbar
8拇趾外翻Hallux valgus
9近端指 (趾) 间关节Proximal interphalangeal joint
10 颈椎病Cervical spondylosis
11 从出现症状到确诊平均需要6个月到1年
The average time from the ont of symtoms to diagnosis is about 6 months to 1 year.
12 如果病人保持一个姿势时间过长, 就会出现类似“凝胶”的现象
A simillar ”gelling” phenomenon occurs when Patients remain in a single position for a prolonged period of time.
13 在类风湿性关节炎中, 腰部疾病是很常见的
Waist dia is quite common in RA.
14 肩关节炎可引起疼痛, 活动受限, 回旋肌腱的撕裂。
Arthrits in the shoulder joint can cau pain,decrea range of motion,and chronic rotator cuff tears.
15 在患有严重肩关节炎的病人中, 疼痛引起的入睡困难是很常见的疾病。
Difficulty in slepping due to pain is a very common complaint in paients with significant shoulder arthritis.
Unit 10
1.阴阳学说建立在对立统一规律的基础上
The theory of Yin-Yang is guided by the law of unity of the opposites.
2.阴阳之间的关系有阴阳的对立、阴阳的互根、阴阳的消长和阴阳的相互转化
The interaction between Yin and Yang can be summed up briefly as: opposition of Yin and Yang, interdependence of Yin and Yang, waning and waxing of Yin and Yang, and inter-transformation of Yin and Yang.
3.阴阳消长指阴阳之间的相互作用及其转化
waning and waxing of Yin and Yang describes the interaction and potential exchange between Yin and Yang..
4.静止、下降、黑暗等属阴The characteristics of stillness, descending, darkness, and, etc. pertain to Yin5. 阳盛阴虚则滋阴潜阳，阴阳两虚则滋阴益阳
In ca of little Yin deficiency, nourishing Yin and subdue Yang. In ca of deficiency of both Yin and Yang, nourishing Yin and tonifying Yang.
6. 事物阴阳的属性是相对的
The Yin-Yang attribution of the thing is relative
7. 阴阳两者之间互为条件，任何一方都不能脱离另一方而存在
Yin-Yang are interdependent. One cannot exist without the other. Each of the two aspects is the condition for the other's existence and neither can exist in isolation.
8. 量变可以导致质变
Quantitative change can lead to qualitative change.
9. 功能性疾病、器质性疾病
Functional dias. Organic dias.
10. 维持阴阳平衡是中医学的基本治则
The general principle in the treatment of the TCM is “to keep Yin-Yang in balance”.
11. 阴阳可以概括疾病的性质
The nature of dias attributes to either Yin or Yang.
12. 在一定条件下，阴阳可以相互转化
In certain circumstances, Yin and Yang will transform into each other.
13. 五行包括木
、火、土、金、水
The five elements include wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.
14. 五行之间的正常关系包括相生、相克，异常关系有相乘和相侮
There are two types of interactions among the five elements, inter-promotion and inter-restriction. In addition, there are two abnormal relationships among the five elements, i.e. over-restriction and rever-restriction.
Unit 11
1.五脏包括肝、心、脾、肺、肾
The heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidney are termed the five Zang-organs．
2.六腑指胆、小肠、大肠、胃、膀胱、三焦等
The gallbladder, Stomach, large and small intestines, bladder and tri-Jiao are termed the six Fu-organs．
3.奇恒之腑有胆、脑、骨、脉、髓、女子胞等
The brain, spine, bones, vesls, gallbladder, and uterus are termed the extraordinary or extra Fu-organs.
4.心为君主之官
The heart is considered to be the most important of all the internal organs, sometimes described as the “ruler” or “monarch” of the internal organs.
5.心主血脉
The heart governs blood and blood vesls.
6.心藏神，开窍于舌
The heart hous the mind opens into the tongue.
7.肺主气司呼吸
The lungs govern Qi and respiration.
8.脾主运化、主统血，为气血生化之源
The spleen governs transformation and transportation, controls the blood and is described as “the source of Qi and blood”.
9.肝主藏血，主疏泄
The liver stores blood, and ensures the smooth flow of Qi.
10.肾藏精、主发育与生殖
The kidneys store esnce and govern birth, growth, reproduction and development.
11.肾与膀胱相表里
The kidney has interior-exterior relationship with urinary bladder.
12.三焦主气化，通行元气、水液等
The triple jiao dominates all kinds of Qi, governs the “Qi-varying”of the human body and i
s pathways of Qi, fluid and foodstuff.
13.大肠可以接受食物残渣
The large intestine receives food dregs.
14.脑为髓海，主管精神活动
The brain is consider as the “the a of the marrow”and governs the mental activities of the human being.
15.女子胞可以发生月经和孕育胎儿。
Uterus is the organ for occurrence of menstruation and housing and nourishing the embryo and fetus during pregancy.
Unit 12
1.病因学 etiology
2.邪气 pathogenic factors
3.外邪 exogenous pathogens (factors)
4.痰饮 phlegm and fluid retention
5.瘀血 blood stasis
