摘要
作为人类智慧和创造力的结晶，幽默广泛地存在于人类社会的各个层面，在我们的日常生活中起着不可或缺的作用。对幽默的研究可以追溯到柏拉图和亚里士多德的年代。幽默，作为一种独具学术价值的交际方式，长久以来一直受到来自不同学科领域学者的广泛关注。近年来，更多的研究者开始了他们从语用学角度对幽默现象进行的探索，即研究在具体的语境下幽默的动态交际过程。
顺应这一趋势，本文在顺应-关联模式这一理论框架下，对美国经典情景喜剧《老
友记》中言语幽默的生成和理解机制进行分析研究，同时对这一模式的解释力和描写力进行进一步的验证。情景喜剧发源于美国，作为一种广受观众欢迎的喜剧表现形式，在很大程度上依赖于言语幽默作为其营造喜剧效果的手段。众多经典作品的出现，也使美国情景喜剧成为了情景喜剧的代名词。在众多剧集中，《老友记》堪称在世界范围内最具影响力的美国情景喜剧的经典代表作，其中随处可见的诙谐幽默的对白也使它成为本
文语料来源的首选。
通过比较可以发现，关联理论和顺应理论具有各自的优缺点，并且在许多方面存在着极大的互补性。由此，本文提出融合两者成为统一整体的必要性和可能性，从而引入一个能够为言语交际行为提供系统而合理描述的理论框架，即顺应-关联模式。
这一模式的主要观点有：
第一，话语交际是一个以关联性为前提的过程。
第二，交际者的关联假设决定其对于特定语言的选择。
第三，顺应关联是语境成分和语言结构相互顺应的动态过程。
第四，顺应关联也是一个策略选择的过程。
通过对选自《老友记》的幽默语料从以上四个方面进行分析，本文对美国情景喜剧中言语幽默的产生和理解过程进行了阐述，最终得出幽默交际是一个顺应关联过程的结论，即交际者顺应语境因素为实现最佳关联而不断做出语言选择的过程。顺应-关联模
式吸收了关联理论和顺应理论的精髓并将之融为有机的整体，从而具有强大的描述力和解释力。这一模式涵盖了话语交际的生成和理解过程，为幽默研究提供了崭新的视角。
本文从顺因关联这一前人较少涉及的角度对幽默行为进行分析，在某种程度上促进
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了幽默研究的发展。目前，对顺应-关联模式这一极具潜力的理论框架的研究仍处在初级阶段。这一模式需要进一步的修正和完善，其合理性和有效性也亟待从更多的应用中得到验证。本文通过将之尝试性地运用于美国情景喜剧中言语幽默的研究，丰富了现有的顺应-关联模式的相关研究，并且再次证明了它对于不同语言现象的广泛适用性。
关键词：顺应-关联模式，言语幽默，语境关系，相互顺应，《老友记》
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ABSTRACT
As a reflection of human wisdom and creativity, humor pervades nearly every aspect of human society, playing indispensable roles in our daily lives. Rearches on humor can be traced back to the times of Plato and Aristotle. All through the years, it has always been a hot issue attracting scholars from various disciplines. Recently, more rearchers have shifted their attention to the pragmatic study of humor, namely to analyze this phenomenon in its dynamic u under concrete contexts.
Following this direction, the current rearch is conducted to analyze the production and interpretatio
n mechanisms of verbal humor in the American sitcom Friends in the light of Adaptation-Relevance Model as well as to find out whether the suggested model holds the same adequate explanatory and descriptive power as it does over other genres of linguistic phenomena. American sitcom, as a special type of comedy performance, largely counts on verbal humor to create the general effect of the play. Among others, Friends might be one of the most successful and well-known drama ries all over the world. The humorous and witty dialogues which can be easily found all through the play make it an ideal source of data for this rearch.
Relevance Theory and Adaptation Theory, each posssing theoretical advantages and demerits of their own, are complementary to each other in many aspects. Bad on the two theories, Adaptation-Relevance Model is propod with the aim of constructing a unified model for the more comprehensive and rational account of any communicative event.
Claims of the model can be reduced to the following dimensions along which analysis is conducted:
First, communication is a relevance-oriented process.
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Second, it is the presumption of relevance that determines the communicators‟ choices of particular expressions.
Third, adaptation-relevance in this model is a dynamic process of inter-adaptation between contextual correlates and linguistic choices.
Fourth, the process of adaptation-relevance also entails strategy choosing.
Bad on the analysis of the lected data under the framework of Adaptation-Relevance Model, conclusions can thus be drawn that the u of verbal humor is a process of adaptation-relevance during which communicators‟ linguistic and contextual choices constantly inter-adapt with each other, with the ultimate goal of eking for relevance. By absorbing the esnce of Relevance Theory and Adaptation Theory, Adaptation-Relevance Model acquires much more forceful descriptive and explanatory power. It offers a fairly new perspective for the analysis of humor, covering both the production and interpretation process of humorous communication.
To some extent, this thesis promotes the systematic study on humor as a linguistic behavior from an angle few has ever touched upon before. As a relatively new framework, Adaptation-Relevance Model derves more academic attention and is still in desperate need of further verification and revi
sion. This tentative application of the model to the analysis of verbal humor in American sitcoms enriches the existing studies of Adaptation-Relevance Model and rves as a further proof of its general feasibility for the account of different linguistic phenomena.
KEY WORDS: Adaptation-Relevance Model, verbal humor, contextual correlates,
inter-adaptation, Friends
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