Unite 2. Significance of Management管理的重要性
Text A. What is Management?管理是什么？
Pre -reading Task 课前阅读
Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the text below better, and then answer the questions after reading the text carefully.
先看看下面的问题，这些问题将有助于你更好地理解后面的课文，仔细地读完课文后再回答这些问题。
1. How do you understand the ntence "This interdependence, and the prominent role of organizations in our lives, highlights the importance of management."?
你怎么理解这句话：组织的杰出作用和组织之间的相互依赖性突出了管理的重要性。
2. Why do you think management is important for an organization? Plea describe the reason in great detail.
为什么你认为管理对一个组织是重要的？请详细地描述一下原因。
3. What is the esnce of management theory in your viewpoint?
你的观点中，管理理论的本质是什么？
TEXT
Simply speaking, management is what managers do. But in order to understand the definition of management, that statement ems too simple. To our great surpri, the variety of approaches to management analysis, the amount of rearch, and the great number of differing views have resulted in much confusion as to what management is, what management theory and science is, and how managerial events should be analyzed. As a matter of fact, Harold Koontz many years ago called this situation "the management jungle". Though new approaches have developed and older approaches have taken on some new meanings with some new words attached, the developments of management science and theory still have the characteristics of a jungle. Thus in this pas
sage we want to discuss Importance of Management, Definition of Management, and Major functions of Management respectively.
简单地说，管理就是管理者所做的事情。但是为了弄清管理的定义，这样的表述好像太简单。使我们感到惊奇的是：管理分析的各种方法（学派）、研究的数量、众说纷纭（不同）的观点已经导致关于管理的一些问题非常混淆、困惑，比如管理是什么、管理理论和管理科学是什么、管理事件应该怎样分析等等。事实上，哈罗德孔茨在许多年之前就把这种状况称为“管理（理论）丛林”。尽管新管理学派已经得到发展，旧管理学派附加一些新的词汇而增加了一些新含义，管理科学及管理理论的发展仍有丛林的特征。因此在这一段（篇）文章中，我们想分别讨论一下管理的重要性、管理的定义、管理的主要职能。
A.1. Importance of Management 管理的重要性
The importance of management goes well beyond meeting personal needs, however. Modem society is characterized by people working together to accomplish tasks. We are not lf-sufficient; we depend on other people and organizations to manufacture thousands and thousands of products and to provide medical, financial, educational, and
entertainment rvices. This interdependence, the prominent role of organizations in our lives, highlights the importance of management.
无论如何，管理的重要性远远超出了满足个人需求的程度。现代社会的一个特征就是人们一起工作来完成各项任务。我们并不能自给自足，我们依赖其他人和其他组织来制造生产成千上万的产品，提供医疗方面的、财政金融方面的、教育方面的、娱乐方面的各项服务。自我们生活中的各种组织的卓越的作用，以及组织之间的相互依赖突出了管理的重要性。
然而，管理的重要性远远超越了满足个人需求。现代社会是以人们一起工作共同完成任务为特征的。我们不能自给自足，我们要依赖其他人和团体来生产成千上万的产品并提供医疗、金融、教育和娱乐服务。生活中的这些相互依存、以及这些团体组织的重要角色突出了管理的重要性。
Management would be a far less challenging task if not for the changes, threats, and opportunities the environment thrusts upon the organization. If the world around managers and their organizations was stable, they could quite easily determine a plan,
t up the organization to achieve it, direct the organization's employees, and control the operation without incident. But there is no such thing as a stable environment.
如果没有社会环境把变化、威胁、机遇强加给组织的话，管理将远非一个挑战性的任务。如果管理者们和他们周围的世界是稳定不变的话，他们能很轻易地确定一个计划，创建一个组织去完成这项计划，领导组织的员工（雇员），控制企业运转并无任何事故。但现实社会中没有一个稳定不变的环境。
要是没有环境给团体带来的变化、威胁和机遇，管理将远不会如此富有挑战性。如果经理人和他们周围的世界是稳定的，他们会很容易地制定计划，安排团体完成计划，并且不出差错地指挥员工、控制运行。但是根本就没有稳定的环境。
Management moves an organization toward its purpos or goals by assigning activities that organizational members perform, if the activities are designed effectively, the production of each individual worker will contribute to the attainment of organizational goals. Management strives to encourage individual activity that will lead to reaching organizational goals and to discourage individual activity that will hinder the accomplishm
ent of tho goals. "There is no idea more important to managing than goals. Management has no meaning apart from its goals." Managers must, therefore, keep organizational goals in mind at all times.
管理凭借组织成员完成的分配活动推动组织朝向它的目的或目标，如果这种活动是有效设计好的话，每一个工人的生产效率将有助于组织目标的实现（到达）。管理力求激励那些通向到达组织目标的个人活动，劝阻那些阻碍完成组织目标的个人活动。“对于管理而言，没有比（组织）目标更重要的东西了，如果撇开管理的目标，管理就没有任何意义。”为此，管理者必须在头脑里随时（总是）保持组织目标。
A.2 Definition of Management 管理的定义
According to Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language, it defines management as "the act, art or manner of handling, controlling, or directing" and "the group of tho who manage or direct an enterpri". This definition suggests that management involves action directed toward some purpo and that managers are the people involved in this process. Managerial activities cannot be discusd without referen
ce to the human beings performing them, and the position of managers within an organization is ultimately defined not by titles, but by the activities the managers perform. And on the other hand, organizations that bring together people and other resources for a common purpo are the means through which people coordinate their work in modern society.
根据《新编韦伯20世纪英语词典》，它把管理定义为一种处理、控制和指导事务的行为、艺术或方式，管理者是指管理或指导一个企业的一群人。这个定义暗示管理涉及指向某种目的行为，以及管理者是那些参与这个过程的人。管理活动如果没有涉及人类完成它们就不能被讨论，并且管理者在一个组织中的职位的最终确定不是靠头衔，而是靠管理者所履行的管理活动。在另一方面，组织为一个共同的目的而召集的人员和其他资源，凭借这些手段，人们在现代社会中协调工作。
Management exists in an environment that includes competition, the demands of customers, the restrictions impod by governments, the state of the economy, and even the actions of foreign governments in some cas. In addition, management involves the
creative u and coordination of resources to achieve the organization's goals, and all managers engage in each of the functions, to a greater or lesr degree, bad on the specific responsibilities they bear. Conquently, a more thorough explanation is that management is coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people. We already know that coordinating the work of others is what distinguishes a managerial position from a nonmanagerial one. However, this does not mean that managers can do what they want anytime, anywhere, or in any way. Instead, management involves the efficient and effective completion of organizational work activities, or at least that's what manager aspire to do.
