词汇学习5：
1. A appalling表⽰条件之差使⼈感到吃惊。dreadful有类似的意义。如：My financial situation is dreadful.此句改⽤appalling也是可以的。Bad, unpleasant和poor都可以跟condition搭配。因此可以说：They have been living under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years.注意：appalling conditions蕴涵bad（或unpleasant或po咳嗽性哮喘
or）conditions.但反向的蕴涵是不成⽴的。⽤句通俗的话说，是appalling conditions必定是bad（或unpleasant或poor）conditions，但，是bad（或unpleasant或poor）conditions未必都是appalling conditions.也就是说，appalling跟bad, unpleasant和poor在意义上存在着明显的差别。注意：如果⽤bad或poor替换appalling,⽣成的都是错误的句⼦。
2. B anyhow的⼀种意思是：不管其他句⼦所说的，本命题为真。可以看出，该词⽤在该句中⾮常合适，因为I wasn't qualified for the job really是“不管其他句⼦所说的”，I got it这个命题是真的。⼜如：I am coming anyhow, no matter what others say.其中的no matter what others say是说：不管其他⼈怎么说。I am coming这个命题是真的。Anyway在绝⼤多数情况中表达的意义跟anyhow都相同，因⽽⼆者常可替换。Anyhow有⼀种意思是后⾯所说的⽀持前⾯所说的，在这⼀种意思上，它等于anyhow可由besides替换。但练习题中的anyhow不是这个意思。anyhow也可⽤来结束会话，这也是well的⼀个功能。如：Anyhow, thanks a lot. Bye bye.但练习题中的anyhow不是⽤来结束会话的，因⽽不能由well替
换。
3. C attain有通过努⼒取得了某种东西或达到某种状态的意思。如：He attained the position of minister. They were unable to attain their objectives. achieve的意思是通过努⼒取得或达到某种⽬标，意思跟attain很接近，因⽽可由后者替换。reached也有“达到”的意思，但它本⾝并不含“需要通过努⼒”，因⽽它不可替代achieved.下⾯举⼀个reach⽤法的例⼦：The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap是“收获，获得”的意思。The painting depicted a group of pe神凤
asants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. You'll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter. take也有“获得，取得”的意思，但它不能跟success搭配。
4. D capability：能⼒，⼒量。⼜如：Now we have the capability to defending our country, all thanks to our own efforts. The甘蓝菜的功效
country has the capability to defeat any aggressor. ability：能⼒，本领。From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work. ability和capability在意义上有相同的⼀⾯，因⽽在⼀定语境中可以互换。可以看出，ability和capability 在搭配上是有差别的，前者只可跟to搭配，但后者既可跟to⼜可跟of搭配。⼆者的形容词分别是able和capable: I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable of taking care of herlf.注意显卡接口
：capable只能跟of⽽不能跟to搭配。不难看出，词的意义不决定句法结构。strength:⼒量；优点。Their military stren相关文章
gth has gone down becau their air force has proved to be an effective force.此句中的strength可由capacity
替代⽽不改变句⼦的意义。possibility：可能性。
5. A in conjunction with：共同。together with具有相同的意思，⽤together代⼊后，所⽣成的也是⼀个在语法上正确的句⼦。in succession：接连发⽣，不跟with，如：He had misd five dinners in succession. in alliance with：结盟。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with：在……⼀起；相关。13 men were questioned in connection with the murder.
6. B credible：可信的。convincing：可信的。That is the least convincing excu that you could offer. convincing可替换credible⽽不改变句⼦的意义。workable：可⾏的，⾏得通的。Your plan is workable. practical：实际的，现实的。He is weak in practical matters. reliable：靠得住的。John is a reliable man.
7. C diligent：勤奋的，努⼒的。hardworking：勤奋的，努⼒的。Jack was hardworking and energetic. ambitious：雄⼼勃勃的；有野⼼的。Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. lazy：懒惰的。I was too lazy to read music. clever：聪明的。She is beautiful and clever.
8. D diver：多种多样的；不同的。varied：多种多样的；不同的。It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful：多⾊的；绚丽的。People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attr
active：迷⼈的；吸引⼈的。She is both attractive and intelligent. flexible：灵活的。My schedule is flexible.
9. A faulty：有错误的；模棱两可的。wrong：有错误的；有⽑病的。Cheating is always wrong. ambiguous：歧义的；模棱两可的。This ntence is ambiguous. unclear：不清楚。His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable：不可信的。I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior.
10. B gorgeous：好极了；美丽的。lovely：可爱的；美丽的。The girl is lovely. ridiculous：可笑的。It was an absolutely ridiculous decision. magnificent：壮丽的；宏伟的。There is a magnificent country hou near the river. peculiar：奇特的；奇怪的。This hou is peculiar in lots of ways.这些词都可替换，所⽣成的句⼦语法上都是正确的。相⽐之下，lovely最接近gorgeous.
11. C persist：坚持；持续。continue：持续。She continued the work day after day. insist：坚持；坚持主张。My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight. pervere：坚持。Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist pervered in his rearch. resist：反抗；顶住。The nation was able to resist the invasion. Insist和persist在意义上并不完全相同。insist缺乏“持续”这个义项。pervere也缺少“持续”这个义项。因此，正确的选择是continue.“坚持”与“持续”在
意义上似乎很接近，但在语义上的判别是很明显的。“坚持”⾄少要求有⽣命的东西作主语，但“持续”就没有这个要求。
12. D regulate：调整；控制。control：控制。She also had a temper, but she controlled it. fight：搏⽃；战⽃。More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish：废除。The whole system should be abolished. remove：除去；消除。Most of her fears have been removed.
13. A scatter：分散；散布；消散。parate：分散；分离。We didn't parate until nightfall. flee：逃⾛；消失。The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught. depart：离开；出发。We are ready to depart. spread：展开；散布。The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread与scatter有相同的义项－“散布”。但此处只能是“分散”的意思。
14. B stand背景的近义词
point:⽴场；观点。point of view：观点；看法。The novel is shown from the girl's point of view. position：位置；⽴场。The union may shift its position on the question. knowledge：知识。To my knowledge, he owns three hous, and he may own more. opinion：看法；意见。In my opinion, this book is the best book on the subject.虽然position也有“⽴场”的意
思，但不能说from my position.同样地我们也不能说from my opinion.
15. C touching：动⼈的；感⼈的。moving：动⼈的；感⼈的。The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:⿎舞⼈惦的。He made an inspiring speech. boring：令⼈厌烦的。Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. frightening：吓⼈的。He gave us a frightening, but believable account of his childhood.
词汇学习6：
1. B vanish与disappear意思相近：消失，失踪。My glass have disappeared.我的眼镜不见了。develop：发展。We'll stay and e how things develop.我们要留下来，看事态如何发展。linger：徘徊。Winter lingered.冬天迟迟不去。renew：更新；复原。If you wish to renew the contract, you should speak to John.如果你想续签合同，你应该找约翰谈。
2. A pha（阶段，状态）与stage（阶段，时期）是同义词。The next major stage in computer technology is the so-called fifth generation computer.计算机技术的下⼀个主要阶段是所谓的第五代计算机。notion：概念，想法。I have no notion of what he means.我不懂他是什么意思。pattern：式样，模型。This is a strange ntence pattern.这是个奇怪的句型。alternative：两者挑⼀，供选择的⽅法。We have no alternative in the matter.在这件事上，我们没有挑选的余地。
3. C deter：阻⽌；威慑。与inhibit（抑制；阻⽌）意思相近。The drug with which the animals are
fed inhibits their development.给动物吃这种药会抑制它们的⽣长。facilitate：使便利；促进。Tractors facilitate farming.拖拉机使耕作便利。overwhelm：使不知所措；压倒。The girls are overwhelmed with the joy of eing their team win.⽬睹她们的队获胜，姑娘们欣喜若狂。loon：解开；放松。He took off his jacket and looned his tie.他脱下夹克，松开领带。
4. C procelain：瓷器。与china（瓷器）是同义词。silverware：银器。crystal：晶玻璃制品。linen：亚⿇（制品）。
5. D prior to：在……之前，与before（在……之前）意思相同。Steam engine was invented before the Industrial Revolution.蒸汽机发明于⼯业⾰命之前。in:（表⽰时间）在……期间。He was born in 1972.他⽣于1972年。around:⼤约。This isl最大的虾
and was discovered around 1830.这座岛⼤约发现于1830年。from：从……起。He was in the army from 1982 to 1993.从1982年到1993年他在当兵。
6. C last：最近的；过去的。与past（最近的；过去的）意思⼀致。Mr. Hammond said that the trade union movement had changed over the past two years.玛门德先⽣说在过去的两年⾥⼯会运动已发⽣了变化。clo：近的。St. Louis is clor to Chicago than it is to Detroit.圣路易斯离芝加哥⽐离底特律近。near：接近的。She is near to tears.她快要哭了。final：最后的。Astronauts will make
a final attempt today to rescue a communication satellite from its uless orbit.宇航员今天将做最后⼀次尝试，以挽救⼀个在⽆⽤的轨道上运⾏的通讯卫星。
7. C lethal：致命的。与deadly（致命的）是同义词。This is one of nature's deadliest poisons.这是⼤⾃然中最致命的毒药中的⼀种。toxic：有毒的。Excessive vitamin D can be toxic.过量的维⽣素D可使⼈中毒。harmful：有害的。The rays of the sun, in excess, can be very harmful.过量的阳光会⾮常有害。contagious：传染的。Hepatitis A is a contagious dia.甲型肝炎是⼀种传染病。
8. B conscientious：认真的；谨慎的。careful：细⼼的。You've got to be very careful about your tactics.你必须特别⼩⼼你的策略。worried：发愁的；焦虑的。She looks tired and worried.她看上去疲惫焦虑。anxious：焦虑的；渴望的。Her parents were anxious about her poor health.她的⽗母为她健康不佳⽽发愁。nervous：神经性的；紧张的。She is nervous about staying alone at night.她害怕夜晚独⾃⼀⼈呆着。
9. A consolidate：合并；巩固。strengthen：巩固；加强。To strengthen his position in Parliament, he held talks with leaders of the Peasant Party.为了加强在国会中的地位，他跟农民党领袖进⾏了会谈。win：赢得。He won prais of his modesty.他的谦虚赢得了⼤家的赞誉。harden：使坚硬；加强。Their action can only rve to harden the attitude of rebels.他们的⾏动指挥促使叛逆者
采取更加强硬的态度。unite：联合；合并。The two parties have been trying to unite.两党⼀直在试图联合起来。
10. B contaminate：污染，弄脏。pollute：污染。Garbage pollutes our rivers and streams.垃圾污染着河流和⼩溪。blacken：变⿊。The smoke blackened the white walls of the kitchen.烟熏⿊了厨房的⽩墙。darken：变暗；变⿊。The sun has darkened our complexion.太阳晒⿊了我们的⽪肤。mix：混合。Oil doesn't mix with water.油和⽔不能混合。
11. C depict：描绘；描写。describe：描绘；描写。She described how she had narrowly escaped death.她描述了她是如何死⾥逃⽣的。write：写。Find治疗肩周炎方法
ing someone to write a computer program isn't a problem.找个⼈来编计算机程序是不成问题的。sketch：素描；简述。He sketched the look of the man in a few ntences.他⽤⼏句话描绘出了那个⼈的模样。indicate：指出；表明。The President's attitude toward the proposals had been indic别让猴子跳回背上
ated in his New Year's address.总统对那些建议有态度已在他的新献词中表明。
12. D distress：危难；海难。danger：危险。The two countries are trying to reduce the danger of a military confrontation.两国正设法减少军事对抗的危险。despair：绝望。Alone in London, without friends, work or money, Shelley fell into despair.独⾃⼀⼈在伦敦，没有朋友和⼯作，也没有钱，雪莱
陷⼊了绝望。difficulty：困难。She is always in difficulties.她经常处境困难。need：需要。We should always help tho in need.我们应当经常帮助那些需要帮助的⼈。
13. A endeavour：设法；努⼒。try：设法。I'll try very hard to improve my English.我将设法努⼒提⾼⾃⼰的英语⽔平。do：做，⼲。Do the best you can.尽⼒⽽为。make：做。I'll make every effort to help you .我将尽全⼒帮助你。
14. B eternal：永恒的。everlasting：永远的；永恒的。I'm tired of your everlasting quarrels.我听够了你们没完没了的争吵。unchangeable：不变的。I found the book rather boring.我发现这本书相当乏味。monotonous：单调的。Some of the tasks are desperately monotonous.⼀些⼯作极度单调乏味。
15. D exhibit：表现，显出。show：显⽰；表现。Show me what you have in your bag.让我看看你的包⾥有什么。demonstrate：证明；显⽰。Women are demonstrating for equal rights.妇⼥在**，要求平等权利。uncover：揭开；暴露。Auditors said that they had uncovered evidence of fraud.审计员说他们发现了欺骗的证据。spread：摊开；伸开。学习瑜伽教练
The officer spread a map on the table.那位军官在桌⼦上铺开了地图。
