人体解剖学英汉名词对照表
注：用星号（*）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。
一、总 论
（一）解剖学分类 (Classification of Anatomy)
anatomy 解剖学
human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学
systematic anatomy 系统解剖学
regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学
gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学
microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学
macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学
ctional anatomy 断面解剖学
pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学
neuroanatomy 神经解剖学
chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学
developmental anatomy 发生(或发育)
histologic anatomy 组织解剖学
histology 组织学
embryology 胚胎学
anthropology 人类学
（二）一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms)
disction，disct (v.) 解剖，解剖标本
normality， normal (a.) 正常
abnormality , abnormal 异常
variation 变异
deformity, malformation 畸形
specimen 标本
model 模型
（三）方位术语 (Positional Terms)
1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势
2. 方位术语 (terms of direction)
superior, upper 上
inferior, lower 下
anterior 前侧
posterior 后侧
ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧
medial (lateral) 内(外)侧
intermediate 中间
internal, interior, inner, inside 内
external, exterior, outer, outside 外
superficial 浅
deep, profound 深
proximal (distal) 近(远)侧
ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧
tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧
palmar 掌侧
plantar 足底
left 左
right 右
middle 中
median 正中
3. 轴和面 (Axes and Planes)
axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴
vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal
axis 垂直轴, 纵轴
coronal (fro人体艺术作品
ntal) axis 冠(额)状轴
sagittal axis 矢状轴
plane (平)面
horizontal (transver) plane 水平面,
横平面
coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面
sagittal plane 矢状面
median sagittal plane 正中矢状面
transver ction 横切面
longitudinal ction 纵切面
（四）人体的分部和分区
(Toponym and Zonation of the Human body)
1. 头 (Head)
head头(的)
Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅
front, frontal, region 额区
perietal region 顶区
occiput, occipital region 枕区
Face, facial (a.) 面
orbit, orbital region 眶区
no, nasal region 鼻区
mouth, oral region 口区
chin, mental region 颌区
ear, auditory region 耳区
2. 颈 (Neck)
neck, colludnf恢复角色
m, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈
anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区
carotid triangle 颈动脉三角
muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌
气管三角
sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区
supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角
posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈
后区,项区
nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项
root of neck 颈根部
3. 躯干 (Trunk)
trunk, truncus 躯干
Median anterior line 前正中线
sternal line 胸骨线
parasternal line 胸骨旁线
midclavicular line 锁骨中线
anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后)
线
midaxillary line 腋中线
scapular line 肩胛线
median posterior line 后正中线
Back, dorsal 背
vertebral region 脊柱区
sacral region 骶区
scapular region 肩胛下区
lumbar region 腰
Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸
sternal region 胸骨(前)区
infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝
Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹
Hypochondriac 季肋区
epigastric region 腹上区
lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区
umbilical region 脐区
inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区，
髂区
inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角
pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区，
腹下区
Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部
Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴
anal region 肛区
urogenital region 尿生殖区
4. 四肢 (Limbs)
limbs, extremities 四肢
Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢
Shoulder 肩
axilla, axillary region 腋区
Free upper limb 自由上肢
arm,brachial (a.) 臂
anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前
(后)区
elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘
forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂
anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前
臂前(后)区
hand, manual (a.) 手
wrist, carpal (a.) 腕
palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌
back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)
finger, digital (a.) 手指
thumb 拇指
index finger 示指
middle finger 中指
ring finger 环指
little finger 小指
Lower limb 下肢
hip, coxal (a.) 髋
buttock, gluteal region 臀区
Free lower limb 自由下肢
anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前
(后)区
femoral triangle 股三角
medial region of thigh 股内侧区
knee, geniculate (a.) 膝
anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前
(后)区
leg, crural (a.) 小腿
anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前
(后)区
foot, pedal (a.) 足
dorsum of foot 足背
sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底
toes 足趾
great toe 足母趾
二、各章解剖学词汇
* (一) 运动系统 (Locomotor System)
1．骨 学 (Osteology )
（1）概述
osteology 骨学
* bone，bony 骨
skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼
long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨
irregular bone 不规则骨
pneumatic bone 含气骨
samoid bone 籽骨，
shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体
bony(osous)substance 骨质
compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质
trabeculae 骨小梁
periosteum (外)膜
endosteum 骨内膜
medullary 髓腔
red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓
（2）中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)
躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)
* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱
* vertebral canal 椎管
intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)
