骨骼系统的作用1 Support :The skeletal provides a framework for the body 2Protection: many internal organs are protected from injury by the skeletal3Movement: When the muscles which are attcched to contract the bones acting as levers produce movement,4Mineral storage: Bones store veral minerals that can be distributed to other parts of the body on demand.5Blood cell production:Red marrow in certain is capable of producing blood cel12寸有多大
ls ,a process called hematopoiesis.
溶血与皱缩如何发生2 If the plasma becomes hypotonic ,hemoglobin mixes with the water has diffud into the cells from the surrounding plasma ,causing hemolysis .In a hypertonic plasma the red blood cells shrink as a result of water leaving the cell body This shrinkage is called crenation.
甲亢 Hyperthyroidism of the thyroid hormones dramatically increas the metabolic rate。Food mater is burned by the cells at an excessive rate，and individuals who suffer from this condition lo weight，have an increa appetite，and show signs of nervous irritability
糖皮质激素的作用 One of the important functions of glucocorticoids is to help maintain normal blood gluco concentration In addition，glucocorticoids also play an esntial part in maintain normal blood pressure。Also，glucocorticoids act with the hormones from the adrenal medulla to produce an anti-inflammatory effect
胃的结构 Stomach looks like a J-shaped bag。The portion of the stomach that protrudes above the gastroesophageal junction is called the fundus 。The cardiac region is the point where the esophagus and stomach jo西游记资料
in。The distal end of the stomach is call the pylorus
肾的作用 First，and very important，the kidneys play the central role in regulating of the water concentration，inorganic ion composition，and volume of the internal environment。Second，the kinneys excrete metabolic waste products into the urine as fast as they are produced。This keeps waste products，which can be toxic，from accumulating in the boby。A third function of the kidneys is the excret
ion，in the urine，of some foreign chemical。A fourth function is gluconeogenesis。Finally the kidneys act as endocrine glands。
肾单位 1 bowman's capsule 2 glomerulus 3 afferent artenole 4 efferent artenole 5 proximal convoluted fubule 6 distal convoluted fubule 7 collecting duct 8 loop of henle 9 pentubular capillaries
1 感觉纤维从脊髓向脑的其它部分传导冲动，而运动纤维则把冲动从脑向下传导给脊髓
Sensory fibers conduct impuls up from the cord to other parts of the brain ,and motor fibers conduct impuls down from the brain to the cord .
2 小脑的基本机能是使人保持平稳协调的动作，保持平衡和正常的姿势。The general functions of the cerebellum are to produce smooth coordinated movements ,maintain equilibrium ,and sustain normal postures .
3 间脑是人脑中较小的结构，位于中脑和大脑之间。
The diencephalon is a small but important part of the brain located between the midbrain below and the cerebrum above .
4 大脑沟把大脑分为左右两半，或者说两个半球。The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemispheres.
5 血液是在心血管系统中流动的物质，由细胞或细胞样结构和胞外液体组成。Blood ,the substance that flows through the vesls of the cardiovascular system ,is compod of cells or cell-like structures and extracellular fluid called plasma.
6 血液有两种功能，运输和维持内环境稳定。
Bllod has two functions :transportation and the maintenance of homeostasis.
7 肾上腺皮质三个不同的细胞成分分泌的激素叫皮质激素。
Hormones creted by three different cell zones or layers of the adrenal cortex are calld corticoids.
8 内分泌系统的器官都是腺体，但并非所有的腺体都是内分泌系统的器官。All organs of the endocrine system are glands ,but not all glands are organs of the endocrine system.
9 饮食中碘摄入不足会引起甲状腺肥大。
Low dietary intake of iodine caus a painless enlargement of the thyroid gland.
10 肿瘤或其他异常往往会使腺体分泌过多或分泌过少。
Tumors or other abnormalities frequently cau a gland to crete too much or too little hormone.
11 食物分解成简单的形式称为消化过程。
The breakdown of food into simple forms is known as放松自己英文
the process of digestion .
12 我们称消化系统的主要部分为消化道。
We call the main part of the digestive system the alimentary canal .
13 通过X线检查，我们可以看到摄入的食物通过食管、胃和肠道的情况。Under the X-ray examination ,the food you eat can be en passing through the esophagus ,stomach and intestine .
14 肾单位是肾的基本功能单位；人的两肾约有170万~240万个肾单位。
The nephron is a functional unit of the kidney ;and two kidneys contain approximately 1700000-2400000 nephrons.
15 入球小动脉收缩时，进入肾小球的血容量减少，肾小球血压也降低。相反，入球小动脉扩张就会使肾小球血压升高。
Afferent arteriolar constriction decreas the rate of the blood into the glomerulus and also decreas the glomerular pressure . Converly , dilatation of the afferent arteriole increas the glomerular pressure.
