高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (30)
Unravelling the mystery of autobrewery syndrome
解开“自动酿酒综合症”之谜
【外刊导读】
国外一项研究发现，有些人患有一种罕见病，在滴酒未沾的情况下也会“醉酒”，甚至会出现“大脑断片”的情况。患者往往会出现胃痛、腹胀、昏迷等酒后反应，身边的人也会误以为他们喝醉了，但实际上他们根本没有饮酒。这是一种什么样的病？
【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）
It would happen two to three times a week. Nick Carson would start slurring his words and then become progressively less steady on his feet. His conversations would go around in circles and eventually he would collap into a deep sleep. The father-of-two was showing all the signs of being drunk. Except Carson hadn't consumed any alcohol.
"Before this I had never en him drunk," says Carson's wife, Karen. Carson himlf could only recall the events of the episodes in a foggy way the next day."I did not have a clue what was happening." says 64-year-old Carson, who lives in Lowestoft, Suffolk, in the UK. "Six to eight hours later I would wake up like there is nothing wrong with me, very rarely feeling hungover."
Eventually Carson and his wife found the intoxication and other symptoms emed to be triggered after eating meals that were high in carbohydrates, such as potatoes. After multiple visits to doctors and nutritionists, Carson was diagnod with a rare condition called Auto-Brewery Syndrome.
Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS), is a largely mysterious condition that rais the levels of alcohol in the blood and produces the symptoms of alcohol intoxication in patients, even when they have had minimal or no alcohol intake. It can lead them to fail breathalyr tests, and brings social and legal conquences for sufferers.
But this unusual phenomenon is also highly controversial, not least becau its exact ca
u is still poorly understood.
One suggested mechanism underlying the condition revolves around imbalances in gut microbes, which lead to overgrowth of certain microbes that later, under particular conditions, ferment a high-carbohydrate meal into alcohol. But what might be triggering this sudden and dramatic change in the microorganisms living inside our bodies that in the right circumstances leads to ABS?
A medical report of two cas from 1984 highlighted another culprit – yeasts living in the patients' digestive tracts. More recently, other studies have revealed it often takes a combination of factors to increa the risk of ABS. A number of alcohol-producing fu美白防晒
ngi and bacteria can lead to overproduction of alcohol.
【链接高考】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It would happen two to three times 1. week. Nick Carson would start slurring his words and then become progressively less steady on his feet. His conversations would g
o around in circles and eventually he would collap into a deep sleep. The father-of-two was showing all the signs of being drunk. Except Carson
2 (consume) any alcohol.Eventually Carson and his wife found the intoxication and other symptoms emed to 3. (trigger) after eating五线谱学习
meals 4. were high in carbohydrates, such as potatoes. After multiple 5. (visit) to doctors and nutritionists, Carson was diagnod 6. a rare condition 7. (call) Auto-Brewery Syndrome.Auto-Brewery Syndrome (ABS), is a 8. (large) mysterious condition that rais the levels of alcohol in the blood and produces the symptoms of alcohol intoxication in patients, even 9. they have had minimal or no alcohol intake. It can lead them
10. (fail) breathalyr tests, and brings social and legal conquences for sufferers.
KEYS:
1.a
2.hadn't consumed
3.be triggered
4.that
5.visits
6.with
7.called
8.largely
9.when
10.to fail
【课标词汇精讲】
1.steady
2.collap
3.consume
4.recall
5.trigger
6.multiple
7.diagno
8.fail
9.conquence
10.controversial
11.revolve
12.dramatic
13.circumstances
14.reveal
15.combination
【课标词汇精练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
KEYS:
【译文】
每周会发生两到三次。尼克卡森（Nick Carson）会开始含糊不清地说话，然后走不不稳。说话兜圈子，最终陷入沉睡。这两个孩子的父亲表现出醉酒的所有迹象，但卡森没有喝过酒。
“在此之前，我从未见过他喝醉，”卡森的妻子凯伦说。卡森本人只能在第二天以模糊的方式回忆起这些事件。“我不知道发生了什么，”64岁的卡森说，他住在英国萨福克郡的洛斯托夫特。“六到八个小时后，我会醒来，好像没有什么问题，很少感到宿醉。
最终，卡森和他的妻子发现中毒和其他症状似乎是在吃了高碳水化合物的饭菜（如土豆）后引发的。在多次拜访医生和营养师后，卡森被诊断出患有一种罕见的疾病，称为自动酿酒综合症。
自动酿酒综合症 (ABS) 是一种非常神秘的疾病，它会在患者只摄入了很少量甚至没有摄入酒精的情况下，提高其血液中的酒精含量，并使患者出现酒精中毒的症状。该病症会导致患者无法通过呼气酒精测试，给他们带来社会和法律后果。
但这种不寻常的现象也引起了很大的争议，尤其是因为人们对它产生的确切原因仍然知之甚少。
有一种身体机制可能是导致该病症的深层原因，其核心问题是肠道微生物失衡，导致肠道内某些微生物过度繁殖，进而在一定条件下，将高碳水化合物食物发酵成酒精。但是，究
竟是什么可能会引起我们体内微生物急剧变化，以致于在一定条件下引发自动酿酒综合症呢？
1984年的一份医学报告根据两例自动酿酒综合症病例研究，指出了另一个致病因素就是患者消化道中的酵母菌。最近，也有其他研究表明，自动酿酒综合症的患病风险加大，通常是多重因素叠加的结果。会产生酒精的多种真菌和细菌结合到一起，最终会导致人体内酒精产生过量。
高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
一、备考策略务必精准
高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点
和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。
二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，
则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。
