习题练习与思考
一、名词解释
1.疾病(dia)
2.病理生理学(pathophysiology)
3.药物靶标(drug target)
4.病理过程(pathologic process)
5.病因(etiology agents)
6.先天因素(congenital factors)
7.疾病发生的条件(predisposing factors)
8.诱发因素(precipitating factor)
9.危险因素(dangerous factor)
10.发病学(pathogenesis)
11.完全康复(complete recovery)
12.不完全康复(incomplete recovery)
13.死亡(death)
14.脑死亡(brain death)
15.昏迷
16.脱水(dehydration)
17.低渗性脱水(hypotonic dehydration)
18. “三凹”体征
19.高渗性脱水(hypertonic dehydration)
20.等渗性脱水(isotonic dehydration)
21.水中毒(water intoxication)
22.低钠血症(hyponatremia)
23.高钠血症(hypernatremia)
24.低钾血症(hypokalemia)
25.高钾血症(hyperkalemia)
26.酸碱平衡紊乱(acid-ba disturbance)
27.固定酸(fixed acid)
28.动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)
29.标准碳酸氢盐(standard bicarbonate, SB)
30.实际碳酸氢盐(actual bicarbonate, AB)
31.缓冲碱(buffer ba,BB)
32.碱剩余(ba excess, BE)
33.阴离子间隙(anion gap, AG)
34.代谢性酸中毒(metabolic acidosis)
35.乳酸酸中毒(lactic acidosis)
36.酮症酸中毒(ketoacidosis)
37.代偿性代谢性酸中毒(compensated metabolic acidosis)
38.失代偿性代谢性酸中毒(decompensated metabolic acidosis)
39.呼吸性酸中毒(respiratory acidosis)
40.代谢性碱中毒(metabolic alkalosis)
41.呼吸性碱中毒(respiratory alkalosis)
42.混合型酸碱平衡紊乱(mixed acid-ba disorders)
43.水肿(edema)
44.积水(hydrops)
45.滤过分数(filtration fraction,FF)
46.心房利钠肽(atrial natriuretic polypeptide, ANP)
47.“隐性水肿”(recessive edema)
48.心性水肿(cardial edema)
49.肾性水肿(renal edema)
50.肺水肿(pulmonary edema)
51.间质性肺水肿(intestitial pulmonary edema)
52.肺泡水肿(alveolar edema)
53.高压力性肺水肿(high-pressure pulmonary edema)
54.高通透性肺水肿(high permeability pulmonary edema)。
55.脑水肿(cerebral edema)
56.血管源性脑水肿(vasogenic cerebral edema)
57.细胞毒性脑水肿(cytotoxic cerebral edema)
58.渗压性脑水肿(osmotic cerebral edema)
59.间质性脑水肿(interstitial cerebral edema)
60.缺氧(hypoxia)
61.低氧血症(hypoxemia)
62.氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PO2)
63.氧容量(oxygen binding capacity,CO2max)
64.氧含量(oxygen content, CO2)
65.氧饱和度(oxygen saturation,SO2)
66.动–静脉氧差(A-V dO2)
67.P50
68.低张性缺氧(hypotonic hypoxia)
69.大气性缺氧(atmospheric hypoxia)
70.紫绀(cyanosis)
71.血液性缺氧(hemic hypoxia)
72.等张性缺氧(isotonic hypoxemia)
73.肠源性紫绀(enterogenous cyanosis)
74.循环性缺氧(circulatory hypoxia)
75.缺血性缺氧
76.组织性缺氧(histogenous hypoxia)
77.高原脑水肿(high altitude cerebral edema, HACE)
78.氧中毒
79.发热(fever)
80.过热(hyperthermia)
81.非病理性发热
82.致热原(pyrogen)
83.发热激活物
84.内生致热原(EP)
85.体温上升期
86.寒战
87.高峰期或高热稽留期(fastigium)
88.体温下降期
89.热的骤退(crisis)
90.热的渐退(lysis)
91.热限(hyperthermic ceiling 或febrile limit)
92.稽留热(continued fever)
93.弛张热(remittent fever)
94.间歇热(intermittent fever)
95.下丘脑终板血管区(organum vasculosum laminae terminalis,OVLT)
96.应激(stress)或应激反应
97.应激原(stressor)
98.躯体性应激原
99.心理性应激原
100.良性应激(eustress)
101.劣性应激(distress)
102.“全身适应综合征”(general adaptation syndrome, GAS)
103.警觉期(alarm stage)
104.抵抗期(resistance stage)
105.衰竭期(exhaustion stage)
106.心理社会呆小状态(psychosocial short statue)
107.急性期反应(acute pha respon)
108.急性期反应蛋白(acute pha protein, APP)
109.热休克蛋白(heat shock protein, HSP)
110.热休克蛋白的“分子伴娘”(molecular chaperone)
111.应激性高血糖或应激性糖尿
112.应激性溃疡
113.应激相关疾病
114.应激反应综合征
115.休克shock
116.微循环
117.低血容量性休克(hypovolemic shock)
118.血管源性休克(vasogenic shock)
119.心源性休克
120.低排高阻型休克
121.高排低阻型休克
122.“自身输血”
123.“自身输液”
124.弥漫性血管内凝血(disminated or diffu intravascular coagulation, DIC)
125.DIC的触发因素(triggering factor)
126.继发性纤维蛋白溶解(继发性纤溶)
127.全身性Shwartzman反应(general Shwartzman reaction,GSR)
128.华-佛综合征(Waterhou-Friderichn syndrome)
129.微血管病性溶血性贫血(microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)
130.血浆鱼精蛋白副凝固试验(plasma protamine paracoagulation test)
131.显性(overt)DIC
132.可控型显性DIC
133.非控型显性DIC
134.非显性(non-overt)DIC
135.缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury)
136.氧反常(oxygen paradox)
137.钙反常(calcium paradox)
138.pH值反常(pH paradox)
139.自由基(free radical)
140.呼吸爆发(respiratory burst)或氧爆发(oxygen burst)
141.钙超载(calcium overload)
142.无复流现象(no-reflow phenomenon)
143.心肌顿抑(myocardial stunning)
144.氧自由基抑制剂
145.单相速发型(rapid single-pha)MOF
146.多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS)
147.双相迟发型(delayed two-pha)MOF
148.全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory respon syndrome, SIRS)
149.细胞因子瀑布(cytokine cascade)
150.混合性拮抗反应综合征(mixed antagonists respon syndrome , MARS)
151.心力衰竭(heart failure)
152.心肌衰竭(myocardial failure)
153.充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure)
154.压力负荷(pressure load)
155.容量负荷(volume load)
156.急性心力衰竭(acute heart failure)
157.慢性心力衰竭 (chronic heart failure)
158.高输出量性心力衰竭(high output heart failure)