新课标语法项目-----副词（Adverb）
一、副词的概念和意义
副词(Adverb = add 加+ verb动词)从字面上来看就是补充动词的意义，说明副词在许多情况下是与动词搭配使用的。副词在句中作状语，通过副词我们可以得知句中某个动作是如何、何时、何地等发生或进行的。
如：He plays the piano wonderfully. 他钢琴弹得好。
He plays the piano sometimes. 他有时弹钢琴。
He plays the piano everywhere. 他到处弹钢琴。
但是，副词也可以修饰：
形容词：I’m really hungry. 我真的饿了。
其他副词：He runs very fast. 他跑得很快。
名词：The man upstairs is a doctor. 楼上的男子是一名医生。
完整的句子：Fort规矩意识
unately, I found my lost dog. 幸运的是，我找到了我丢失的狗。
副词并不是句子结构里必不可少的成份，但它们会影响句子的意义。请比较：
She has left.她走了。She has j教学简报
ust left. 她刚刚走了。
I’ve finished work. 我完成了工作。I’ve nearly finished work. 我快完成工作了。
二、副词种类
1. 以 “-ly” 结尾的副词：92个
1) 程度副词：really真正地, truly真正地, only仅仅；唯一, nearly几乎, hardly几乎不 (=rarely, barely, scarcely), badly非常；极其 (=riously, terribly, awfully, 北京书法家协会
extremely，greatly), completely,完全地；绝对地 (=entirely, totally, absolutely, definitely), exactly确切地, fairly相当, mainly主要地, mostly大多数地, strongly强烈地, certainly当然地 (=surely), particularly尤其；格外 (=specially, especially, specifically), (im)possibly (不)可能地, proba
bly有可能地
2) 时间副词(包括频度副词)：early, finally最终 (=eventually), gradually逐渐地, recently近来 (= lately), suddenly突然, immediately立即, usually通常, frequently经常
3) 观点副词等：honestly老实说, generally一般地, sincerely真诚地, successfully成功地, badly糟糕地, wonderfully很好地, carefully小心地, carelessly粗心地, quickly 赶快地(=hurriedly), quietly安静地 (=silently), noisily嘈杂地, luckily幸运地 (=fortunately), easily容易地, simply简单地, angrily生气地, (un)happily (不)高兴地, sadly难过地, madly疯狂地, professionally专业地, (im)politely有(无)礼貌地, clearly清晰地, heavily猛烈地, loudly大声地, differently不同地, slowly慢地, actually实际上, normally正常地, naturally自然地, safely安全地, dangerously危险地, deeply深深地, widely广阔地, beautifully优美地, highly高度地, perfectly完美地, pleasantly愉快地, warmly热烈地, bravely勇敢地, cleverly聪明地, foolishly愚蠢地, kindly好心地, generously慷慨大方地, cretly秘密地, punctually准时地, hopefully充满希望地, patiently耐心地, curiously好奇地
附：注意下列以 “-ly” 结尾的是形容词：
(un)friendly (不)友好的, motherly母亲般的, fatherly父亲般的, brotherly兄弟般的, sisterly姐妹般的, manly男子汉般的, womanly女人般的, (un)likely (不)像…一样的, lively有活力的, lovely可爱的, lonely孤独的, silly愚蠢的, ugly丑陋的, elderly上了年纪的
2. 不以 “-ly” 结尾的副词：108个
1) 程度副词：very很；非常；十分, (too) much很, more更, most最, little没多少, less较少, so如此, such如此, as这样, pretty相当, still仍然, even甚至, quite很, rather很；十分, enough足够, indeed的确
2) 时间副词(包括频度副词)：late晚, now现在, nowadays如今, before以前, next接下来, soon很快, then然后, first首先, last最后, today今天, yesterday昨天, tomorrow明天, when何时, often经常, sometimes有时, always总是, ldom不经常, already已经, yet还, just刚刚, ever曾经, never从未, once一次；曾经, twice两次
3) 地点副词：here这里, there那里, where哪里, left左边, right右边, south南面, north北面, east东面, west西面, northwest西北, southwards朝南, eastwards朝东, forwards向前, straig
ht直直地, upstairs楼上, downstairs楼下, inside里面, outside外面, indoors户内, outdoors户外, somewhere某地, anywhere任何地方, everywhere到处, nowhere没地方, past经过, far远, farther更远/ further更远；更深远, farthest 最远/ furthest最远；最深远, ahead朝前面, around四周
4) 观点副词等：yes是, no不, too也；太, also也, either也(不), neither另一个也不, well好, better更好, best最好, wor较差, worst最差, how怎样；多么, again再, hard努力, maybe也许, perhaps或许, why为什么, together一起, instead反而, aloud大声地, fast快, however可是, anyway不管怎样, therefore因此, furthermore而且, alone独自地, abroad出国；海外
5) 副词小品词：up, down, on, off, out, away, over, in, back
三、动词+副词小品词构成的短语动词 (Phrasal Verbs)
这种结构在初中英语新教材中是一个重点，下面进行一个分类归纳：
1. UP turn up调大, get up起床, grow up长大, stay up熬夜, cheer (sb) up使（某人）振作, show up露面；出现, dress up穿上盛装；乔装打扮, make up弥补；编造；制成, wake up
醒来；叫醒, cut up切碎, mix小学生灯笼手工制作
up拌和；混合, clean up清洁干净, pick up拣起；用车捎某人；顺便买, put up举起；张贴；搭建, t up创办；建立；设立, fix up修理, think up想出, u up用光, end up结束, give up放弃, hang up挂断电话, eat up吃光, drink up喝光
2. DOWN turn down调低, keep down控制, let sb down使某人失望, break down发生故障, knock down击倒, pull down拆除；拆毁
3. ON turn on打开, put on穿上 ( put on weight增加体重), try on试穿, come on加油, go on继续, hang on坚持, work on继续工作
4. OFF turn off关上, take off脱下；起飞, put off推迟, go off (闹铃)响, run off跑开, t off出发；引起, break off中断
5. OUT come out出来；(花)开；出版, go out出去；(灯、火)熄灭, get out出去, hang out闲逛, put out扑灭, find out查明, take out取出, give out发放, hand out分发, work out算出, keep out使---不进入；遮挡, clean out清除干净, help (sb) out帮助(某人)解决困难, drop out不参与；放弃, drop out of school 中途退学, t out出发, think out想出；当心, look out朝外看；当心, eat out在外面吃饭；吃完, ll out卖完, wear / worn out穿破
6. AWAY go away走开, get away离开, run away跑开, give away捐赠, put away把…放好
7. OVER come over过来, look over仔细检查, talk over商量；讨论, go over复习;仔细检查, get over克服
8. IN hand in上交, give in投降；屈服
9. BACK come back回来, go back回去, get back返回, give back 归还, look back回顾
10. AHEAD get ahead 走在前面；进步
11. AROUND turn around转身, look around四下看, walk around四下走
