动词及动词短语
2．witness vt.当场见到；目睹 n．目睹者；证人；证据
5．pau vi.采访老党员
& n．暂停；中止
7．flee vi.逃避；逃跑 vt.逃离→fled/fled (过去式/过去分词)
8．drag vt.拖；拉；扯
10．urge vt.催促；竭力主张；驱策
11．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.放纵的；堕落的
13．reflect vi.考虑 vt.映射；反射；考虑→reflection n．映像；考虑；反映
16．scare vt.恫吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.引起恐慌的
3．urge vt.催促，力劝，强烈要求 n．强烈的欲望，迫切要求
urge on/向某人竭力陈述某事
竭力反对……
urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth.主张……；力劝……
It is/was 有人主张……
have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
[即学即练3](1)He ___________ his pupils the importance of hard work.
他向学生们力言用功的重要。(2)We ____________ her ________________ her birthday gift from her boyfriend.
我们催她翻开她男朋友送给她的生日礼物。
(3)My friends urged that I __________________ for the job.
朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。
(4)I was urged that he __________________.
有人竭力主张他应受到处分。
urged on//urged to open//(should) apply//(should) be punished
(5)The vacation is coming and I _________________________.
假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。
have an urge to travel
4．abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃；使听凭……摆布 n. 放任，放纵，狂放；无拘无束
abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人获得
abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物
abandon onelf to sth. 沉湎于某事
abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由……摆布
abandon smoking 戒烟
abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/方案
with abandon 放肆地；恣意地
[即学即练4](1)The child ______________________ his parents.这孩子被父母遗弃了。
(2)The crew _____________ the burning ship.
水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。
was abandoned by//abandoned
(3)I ____________________________ of being a doctor.
我放弃了当医生的希望。
(4)She _______________ herlf ______ despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
abandoned my hope//abandoned to
5．reflect vt. 映射；反射vi.&vt. 考虑，反，深思
reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像
reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(外表)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon sth. 考虑某事
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
[即学即练5](1)He looked at his face ____________ the mirror.他看着镜子中自己的脸。
(2)The heat __________________ the white sand formed a mirage.热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。
(3)I need time to ____________ your offer.
我需要时间是来考虑你的建议。
reflected in//reflected from//reflect on
7．scare v. 恫吓，惊吓，害怕n. 惊吓，恐慌，恐惧
scared adj. 害怕的；担忧的
scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恫吓某人做某事
be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物
be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事
be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事
be scared that 害怕……
(be) scared to death 吓得要死
[即学即练7](1)The scarecrow in the field is ud to ______ the birds ______. 田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。
(2)They ______ the little boy ____________ foods in the supermarket. 他们威胁这个小男孩到超里去偷食物。
Scare away//scared into stealing
(3)The little girl ________________________ out alone.这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。
(4)I'm ____________ I'm going to fall.
我担忧自己快掉下去了。
is scared of going//scared (that)
8．help out 帮(……)分担工作，帮(……)脱离困境
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事
help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事
can't help to do 不能帮助干某事
can't help doing 禁不住干某事
can't help but do 只得，不得不
help onelf to 随意吃/用……
[即学即练8](1)Is there anything I can do to ____________？我能帮上忙吗？
(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didn‘t know how I could __________________.
他显然遇到了费事，但我不知道应怎样帮他。
help out//help him out
(3)Can you ________________________ the maths problem？你能帮我解决这道数学题吗？
help me out with
1.abandon/dert/give up
(1)abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或者苏军入侵阿富汗
事物。
(2)dert强调成心逃避应尽的义务和职责，违犯誓言，有责难之意。另外，dert还有离弃某地方之意。
(3)give up为常用词，常用于口语，与abandon同义。
[应用1] (1)I persuaded him to __________ smoking.我说服他戒了烟。
(2)She was ____________ by her husband.她被丈夫遗弃了。
(3)Snow forced many drivers to __________ their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
(4)The villages had been _________.
这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。
give up//derted//abandon//derted
3. flee/escape/run away
三者都有“逃跑〞的意思，但有所侧重。
(1)flee强调逃跑行为本身，含有逃走、消散的意思。
(2)escape强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。
(3)run away多用于口语，含有不辞而别的意思。
[应用3] (1)He ____________ from his home when he was very young.
他很小时就离家出走了。
(2)They ____________ from the burning building at last.
他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。
(3)Why does she always ______ any kind of responsibility？为什么她总是逃避责任？
ran away//escaped//flee
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6．adjust vi. & vt.调整；(使)合适
7．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参与者
12．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠→donator n．捐赠者
14．purcha vt. & n．买；购置
16．click vi. & vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n．咔嗒声
18．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分布状态；分配，分布
20．operate vi.工作；运转vt.操作→operation n．手术，运转→operator n．操作人员
2．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi. 适应
adjustable adj. 可调节的
adjustment n. 调节；调整
