学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英安培定律
语 学科教师： | |||||
授课类型 | T | C阅读理解推断题 | T | ||
教学目标 | 使学生了解阅读理解推断题的考察方式和解题技巧 | ||||
星级 | ★★★ | ||||
授课日期及时段 | |||||
教学内容 | |||||
C-专题 （建议5分钟）
亲爱的同学，你能推出哪只兔子是这个案件的主谋吗？ 批注：导入部分选择了大部分学生都熟知的柯南图片，会营造一种推理的氛围。紧接着出了一道推理题，难度稍微有点大，如果学生回答不出来，老师可以告诉答案；或者告诉学生如果课上好好表现就会在下课时公布答案。这个题目主要是为了引出本次课的主题---阅读理解推理题。同时，也让学生感受到了推理出来答案是一件有乐趣的事，且答案不是表面看到的那样。 （建议20分钟） 让我们像杰克船长一样乘风破浪去寻宝吧！！！ 一、阅读理解推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而做出合乎逻辑的判断。 二、阅读理解推断题的设题方式 常以infer（推断），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推断），learn, intend（意指），mean, describe, purpo等词提问。提问方式如下： 1. We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______. 2. We can infer from the text that _______. 3. From the story we can guess ______. 4. What would be happy if ? 5. How did the writer feel at Vienna station? 6. The writer writes this text to ______. 7. The writer believes that ______. 8. The writer suggests that ______. 批注：这里需要跟学生强调上面的几个词，让学生有个印象：一旦这几个词出现，就表示答案不是文章里的原句，而是需要读者根据已有信息进行分析。 三、阅读理解推断题技巧点拨 1. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。 例题精讲 例文1： Are you carrying too much on your back at school? You’re not alone. Back experts in the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags). “It hurts my back when I run,” said Oberlin Reyes, a student in Virginia. “It’s hard to get up the stairs with my backpack, becau it’s too heavy.” Oberlin is among students who backpacks were weighed for a week in a recent study. They had regular backpacks with two straps (带子) to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks (which have wheels and can roll on the ground). Shirley Park, who backpack weighed 10 kilograms, said she changed to a rolling backpack becau she was starting to have back pain. How much is too much? Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight. A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load: less homework. P.S. (附) Doctor’s suggestion: ① Lighten the load. Clean out binders (活页材料) and take home only the books you need that night. ② Wide straps are better. They nd out the weight over your shoulders more evenly (均匀). And be sure to wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder. ③ Pack smart. The heavier things should be packed clod to the back. ④ Bend both knees when you pick up the pack, and don’t just bend over at the waist (腰). 1. According to the passage, it’s better for a student of 40 kilograms to carry a backpack of _____ at most by the words of experts. A. 10 kg B. 8 kg C. 6 kg D. 7 kg 批注：根据原文关键信息“How much is too much? Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight.”专家建议学生书包重量应在他本人体重的10% 和15%之间。所以一个体重为40千克的学生所背书包的重量应是6千克。答案是C。 2. If students follow the doctor’s suggestions they ______. A. may lighten their backpacks B. can learn how to help themlves C. may feel their backpacks are lighter D. will know how to wear backpacks 批注：根据专家提出的四点建议，我们可以看出B\D是不相关的。这题的A是干扰项，看上去似乎是正确的，可是当我们看到第三条建议，发现包的重量并没有减轻，而只是由于背得恰当感觉负担轻了，所以答案是C。 例文2： At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence (信心). I found mylf standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal (水晶). 3. We can infer (推断) from the last paragraph that_____________. A) the writer was very successful in his life B) the writer didn't reach the top of the mountain C) though the writer was young, he could understand his father D) the writer ud to stop half-way as he was climbing the mountain 批注：根据文中关键信息“I found mylf standing at the top of the sky”可以推出本题答案是A，作者已经成功了。 练习： A stronger argument comes from rearch into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-x class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(惊动) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-x class. In the UK the best schools are all single-x, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-x, rather than that being single-x makes them better schools. 1. At the end of the passage the writer suggests that ________. A. single-x schools are the best schools in the UK B. being single-x does not necessarily make a school better C. co-educational schools are better for both xes in personal development D. becau boys cannot compete with girls in study, they go to single-x schools 批注：作者在罗列“In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-x class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker”和“In the UK the best schools are all single-x”等事实后，得出了“It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-x, rather than that being single-x makes them better schools”这个结论。要做对上面这道题，正确理解文章末尾这句结论性的句 子至关重要。这里尤其要注意句中的rather than这个关键性词语，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排 除其后引出的内容。故只有选项B最合适。 2. 整合全文（植树英语
段）信息进行推断 做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。 1. According to Enderlin Reyes and Shirley Park, we know ______. A. students have to do too much homework B. students have to carry heavy backpacks C. backpacks without wheels are bad for students D. too much homework leaves students no free time 批注：根据原文第一段的关键信息“Are you carrying too much on your back at school?”和后面“A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load: less homework.”可以推断出A是正确答案。 练习： Three men were discussing how to donate money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea. The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle苹果树开花
belongs to God." The cond man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God becau God is in our hearts." The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can." At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily. 1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion: A. All the three men were kindhearted. B. The third man is more generous than the other two. C. None of them believed in God. D. Three men are all stingy (吝啬) people. 批注:从三人提的建议看，他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选D。 3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断 认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。 例题精讲 例文： Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I ud to climb the mountain near my hou. Walking together, my father and I ud to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his life.广东征兵
He always told me, "You should have goals like climbing the mountain." Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn't have enough time to spend together becau my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience (耐力). Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me becau I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing… … 1. The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was for Father and Son. A) hard B) enjoyable C) painful D) comfortable 批注：通过“Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn't have enough time to spend together 屁多是病吗
becau my father was very busy.”和“During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing…”我们可以看出作者认为这次登山是有趣的。因此本题的答案是B。 练习： ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of the hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noi from the lamp. “We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything el? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now what do you think of the rest of the “news”? 1.The Canfield Times ud the headline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think _________________ A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire C. this was the cond fire at the Seabreeze Hotel D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe 批注：答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道 的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个要害词，暗示 &nb1986年五行属什么
sp; 了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。 （建议10分钟） Choo the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案） （A） I have loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to e above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. But the desk,” she’d said again, “ is for Elizabeth.” I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”. As years pasd and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she cho that she did forgive me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace, it emed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not. Now the prent of her desk told me, as she had never been able to, that she was plead that writing was my chon work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside— a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choo. Mother, you always cho the act that speaks louder than words. ( ) 1.The passage shows that _______________. A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter B. Mother was too rious about everything her daughter had done C. Mother cared much about her daughter in words D. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words ( ) 2. What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness? A. She had never received the letter B. For years, she often talked about the letter. C. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life. D. She read the letter again and again till she died. Keys: 1. A 2. D （B） Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. The days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in the hands. It is true that it’s an easy way to keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places like classrooms, movie theatres, and muums, where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when driving. Worst of all, some students who can’t pay their phone bills do something illegal to get money. So, are cell phones really a help? ( ) 3. How does the writer feel about cell phones? A. They are really a help. B. They harm people’s health. C. He wants very much to know if they do people good. D. It’s all right to u them in theatre. Keys: 1. A 2. D 3. C （C） The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, becau show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers. “Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way 安全培训心得体会总结
of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever becau there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, becau everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir”（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, becau he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public. 1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________. A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act" D .So that he can relax 2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________ A. Becau he wants to attract the attention of the public B. Becau he wants to ll more records C. Becau he wants to become popular D. Becau he wants to stay popular keys： 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, becau show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。 2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever becau there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。 score:____________ （每题2分，共4题，8分） （建议5分钟） 放电影回顾式学习法 批注：第一步采用放电影学习法，让学生自己回忆在本模块学到了哪些知识点；如果学生没有思路，这个时候老师可以引导学生将本次课的知识点以思维导图的形式展现出来，帮助学生养成梳理知识点的学习习惯。最后一步是错题再次回顾总结，带着学生总结“斩妖除魔”环节出现错误的原因及下次如何避免。 第一步：让学生自己回忆学到了哪些知识，列在学案空白处。 第二步：以思维导图的形式画出自己所学。 阅读理解推断题解题技巧： 1.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论：根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理。 2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断：在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断。 3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断：找出反映语境褒贬性变化的标志性词汇或句子，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化。 第三步：错题再次回顾总结。 | |||||
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