科技英语特点及翻译标准
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION (1)
1.1Demands of The New World (1)
1.2English For Science and Technology (2)
CHAPTER TWO FEATURES OF ENGLISH FOR SCIENCEAND TECHNOLOGY (2)
2.1Definition of EST (2)
2.2Lexical Features of EST (3)
2.2.1Classification of EST lexicon (3)
2.2.2Word formation in EST lexicon (6)
2.3Syntax Features of EST (8)
2.3.1Frequent u of the simple prent ten (9)
2.3.2Predominance u of the passive voice (9)
2.3.3Extensive u of long ntences (11)
2.3.4Normalization of EST (12)
CHAPTER THREE CRITERIA OF EST
TRANSLATION (14)
3.1Criteria of Translation (14)
3.2Criteria of EST Translation (15)
3.2.1Faithfulness (16)
3.2.2Preciness (17)
3.2.3Conventionalization (18)
3.2.4Conformity to the age (19)
CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSION (20)
BIBLIOGRAPHY (22)
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Demands of the New World
…Knowledge explosion? and …information explosion? are two popular terms prevailing in the world today. Whether a country can acquire valuable knowledge and the latest information would doubtlessly matter greatly to its advance of science and technology and development of economy. (周方珠，2002：295).
Over the last 50 years science and technology have developed rapidly all over the world. This expansion has been accompanied by an ever-increasing u of English in every area of scientific study. A UNESCO study(1957) estimated that something between 1 and
2 million scientific and technical articles，reports，patents and books were published annually，but about half of them were in English.
Enormous and unprecedented expansion in scientific and economic activities created a world eagerly demanding for an international language, which fells to English.
Since the middle of last century, an increasing number of the former colonies have gained independence. After achievements of political independence, they are aware that have to maintain and develop their independence with economic development. Thus the emerging third world began to plunge into their new program to develop their own economy, especially science and technology. The needs to introduce advanced science and technology from developed countries
make it more important to learn English as a working tool.
1.2 English for Science and Technology
English for science and technology took it first appearance in the 1950s when science an
d technology developed rapidly. As a significant international language, English was widely ud in technical writings in exchange with scientific ideas. Generally speaking, it involved all written and spoken materials, and in this thesis, only written EST texts are touched.
As a communicative style to exchange information, EST demands that the writers should state matter-of-fact descriptions with conci words, and they should avoid using meaningless words to have messages rendered accurately and efficiently. To sum up, EST put emphasis on descriptions of objectivity, judgment of facts or the reasoning of logical definitions. Therefore, EST embodies accuracy, logicality and objectivity, different from literary English that tends to ek elegant style or carry strong personal emotions or inclinations of the authors.
CHAPTER TWO FEATURES OF ENGLISH FOR
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Definition of EST
English for science and technology（EST）is a functional varying style. It is a scientific and technological register formed by scientists and technicians to meet the needs of scientific communication. It is a language ud by scientists and technicians in a special situation. From the register?s viewpoint, EST is the register of science and technology for modern English.
The development of EST has something to do with the changing requirement of English learning and Halliday?s work on register analysis. Many British linguists are aware that EST prents linguistic varieties with its own characteristic features. Some typical ntence patterns and a large number本人意见怎么写
of technical terms and mi- technical words make EST different to a very wide extent from ordinary English.
2.2Lexical Features of EST
Every field of study has its own specific vocabulary, but most people would agree that specific vocabulary of science and technology is particular large, obscure and splintered. Words are the basic elements of language. Apparently, it is of vital importance to grasp th
e main lexical features of EST. Thus, this chapter is devoted to a brief exploration of EST lexicon.
2.2.1Classification of EST lexicon
