石钟山记（4种译文）
【原文】
石钟山记（〔宋〕苏轼）
《水经》云：“彭蠡之口，有石钟山焉。”郦元以为“下临深潭，微风鼓浪，水石相搏，声如洪钟。”是说也，人常疑之。今以钟磬置水中，虽大风浪不能鸣也，而况石乎？至唐李渤，始访其遗踪，得双石于潭上。“扣而聆之，南声函胡，北音清越，枹止响腾，馀韵徐歇”，自以为得之矣。然是说也，余尤疑之。石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也，而此独以“钟”名，何哉？
元丰七年六月丁丑，余自齐安舟行适临汝，而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉，送之至湖口，因得观所谓“石钟”者。寺僧使小童持斧，于乱石间择其一二扣之，空空焉，余固笑而不信也。至莫夜月明，独与迈乘小舟，至绝壁下。大石侧立千尺，如猛兽奇鬼，森然欲搏人；而山上栖鹘，闻人声亦惊起，磔磔云霄间；又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者，或曰：“此鹳鹤也。”余方心动欲还，而大声发于水上，噌吰如钟鼓不绝，舟人大恐，徐而察之，则山下皆石穴罅，不知其浅深，微波入焉，涵澹澎湃而为此也。舟回至两山间，将入港口，有大石当中流，可坐
百人，空中而多竅，与风水相吞吐，有窾坎镗鞳之声，与向之噌吰者相应，如乐作焉。因笑谓迈曰：“汝识之乎？噌吰者，周景王之无射也；窾坎镗鞳者，魏庄子之歌钟也。古之人不余欺也。
事不目见耳闻而臆断其有无，可乎？郦元之所见闻，殆与余同，而言之不详；士大夫终不肯以小舟夜泊绝壁之下，故莫能知；而渔工水师，虽知而不能言，此世所以不传也。而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之，自以为得其实。余是以记之，盖叹郦元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。
——选自《四部丛刊》本《经进东坡文集事略》
【译文】
《水经》上说：“彭蠡湖的入口处，有一座石钟山。”郦道元注解认为，“这里下临深潭，微风鼓动着波浪，湖水与山石相击，而发出洪钟般的声响。”这种解说，人们常有怀疑。现在拿钟或磬放在水中，即使是大风浪，也不能使它发出响声，何况是石头呢？到了唐朝的李渤，才开始查访这石山的旧迹，寻得两块石头在水潭边，他“敲敲石头，听听声音，南边那块石头的声音模糊厚重，北边那块石头的声音清脆悠远，停止敲击声音仍在散播，余音袅
袅，久久才消失”，他自以为探得原由了。但是这种解说，我更加怀疑。石头铿然有声的到处都有，而单单这里的石头用“钟”来命名，这是什么原因呢？
元丰七年六月丁丑日，我从齐安郡乘船到临汝去，我的长子苏迈将到饶州德兴去做县尉，我送他到湖口，因此有机会看到李渤所说的“石钟”。寺庙里的和尚派一个小童拿着斧头，在乱石中挑一两块去敲敲，石头空空作响，我当然讥笑而不信这种解释的。待到晚上月明的时候，我只与苏迈坐了小船，来到峭壁下面。看到有块大石斜立着有千尺之高，象猛兽奇鬼一般，阴森森地象要搏击人；而山上栖息着的隼鹰，听见人声也惊然而起，在云中磔磔地叫着；又有象老人在山谷中边咳嗽边笑的声音，有人说：“这是鹳鹤啊！”我正犹豫着想回去，但从水面上突然响起了巨声，轰隆轰隆地象敲钟擂鼓之声而不停止，船夫大为恐慌，我慢慢地去察看，发现山下都是石洞石缝，不知有多深，微波涌进了洞、缝，流转奔腾，因而产生轰隆的声响。船转回到两山之间，刚准备进港，发现水流中间有块巨石拦住，上面可坐百人，里面空着又有很多洞穴，与风、水互相吞吐，发出物体相撞声和钟鼓齐鸣声，与先前轰隆的声音相呼应，如同奏乐一般。我就笑着对苏迈说：“你记得吗？轰隆的声音，象周景王的无射钟所发出的，撞击声和钟鼓声，又象是魏庄子的歌钟所发出的。古人不骗我们呀！”
事情不亲眼看到、亲耳听到就妄断有无，这可以吗？郦道元所看到的，大概与我相同，但他说得不详尽；一般士大夫们终究不愿亲驾小船夜泊峭壁之下，所以不能知道真相；而渔夫船夫，虽然知道了却无法写下来，这就是世上不能把真相传布开来的原因呀。而识见浅陋的人，竟用斧头敲击石头的方法来探求，自以为求得了结果。我所以记下了以上的经过，是因为叹惜郦道元的解释过于简略，也嘲笑李渤的解释太浅陋了。（王水照）
The Stone Bell Mountain
Su Shi
It is said in Shui Jing that at the mouth of the Pengli Lake is the Stone Bell Mountain. Geologist Li Yuan assumed that there was a deep pond at the ba of the mountain, and that the hollow chime of a big bell was created by the waves beating against the mountain rocks in a gentle wind. However, there are tho who view his theory with disbelief. If a bell or a stone qing, let alone a solid rock, is put into the water, even the watery bombardment of a tempest cannot induce it to ring.
The Li Bo in the Tang dynasty, following Li Yuan‘s footsteps, came to the site and found two ―rocks‖ resting on the bank of the pond. When struck with a drumstick, the southern rock sounded dull and indistinct whereas the northern one rang with crystalline clarity. When the striking stopped, the sound lingered for quite a while. Li Bo thought that he had discovered the mountain‘s cret.
But I doubt the truth of his discovery. There are rocks everywhere that make random sounds when struck by man. Why is that mountain so special as to warrant the name ―Stone Bell‖?
On the ninth of day of June in the venth year of Yuanfeng, I went by boat from Qi‘an to Linru. It happened that Su Mei, my eldest son, was going to take up the office of magistrate in Dexing County of Raozhou. I accompanied him to Hukou so that we had the opportunity of eing the so-called ―Stone Bell‖. A monk of a Buddhist temple nt a boy to find some rocks and strike them with an ax. They rang with a hollow sound, and I smiled with skepticism. At nightfall, my son and I rowed a boat to the foot of the precipice
in the bright moonlight. Its stone face reared up before us, rising a thousand feet above the pond, like some predatory beast or monstrous behemoth poid to engulf us. A gu, a kind of fierce bird, was startled from rest by our voice, flew up with a squawking sound towards the sky. Then a sound like the coughing and laughing of an old man echoed through the misty valley. ―It is the cry of a water bird,‖ the boatman said. A chill of fear crept over me. Just as I began to give leave for our return, a thundering chorus of unen bells, aro from the water and continued without cea. The boatman was terrified. I looked around and saw that the rocks at the foot of the precipice were full of crevices and cavities of unknown depths, from which this sound issued when the scourging waves surged and reverberated among them. On the way back, our boat followed a winding cour nestled between two mountains. Before we entered the harbor, I spotted a huge rock standing in midstream. It is so big that about one hundred persons could sit on it. It was hollow and had many cavities. Wind and water swept in and out of them,
making pounding sounds like the striking of the bell and beating of the drum, in almost deliberate counterpart to the previous sound. I said to my son with a smile, ―Do you kno
w that the first sound is called ?Wushe‘, after the sound produced by a bell cast during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Zhou Dynasty, and that the cond sound rembled that produced by the ?Music Bell‘ given to Wei Jiang by a prince of the Kingdom of Jin? It ems that the ancient people did not deceive us by calling this mountain the Stone Bell Mountain.‖
Is it right for one to assume that something exists without eing or hearing it on one‘s own? Li Yuan saw and heard almost the same thing as I did, but he did not write a detailed description of the scene. The scholar bureaucrats did not discover the true cau of the sound becau they were loath to visit the precipice by boat at night. And although the fisherman and the boatman knew the reason, they could not write it down. This explains why most people were denied the knowledge of why the mountain was so named. They were plead to explain the phenomenon by striking the rocks with an ax. I recorded this experience to show that I felt sorry for the sketchiness of Li Yuan‘s description and could n ot help laughing at Li Bo‘s inept efforts.
( From A Selection of Classical Chine Essays from Guwenguanzhi《古文观止精选》，by Luo Jingguo, Foreign Language Teaching and Rearch Press, Beijing , 2005)
Stone Bells Mountain
By Richard Strassberg
The Guide to Waterways states, ―At the mouth of Lake Peng-li stands Stone Bells Mountain.‖Li Tao-yuan believed that ―where the foot o the mountain meets the deep lake, a slight breeze stirs up the waves so that the water strikes the rocks, producing sounds like that of great bells.‖ People have often doubted this explanation. Recently, some bells and chimes冬至吃水饺
were placed in the middle of the water, and although a strong wind stirred up the waves, they did not emit any sounds. So how could this be true of the rocks? Li Po of the Tang was the first to travel to the site, and he found a pair of rocks protruding from the lake. ―I stuck them and listened,‖ he wrote, ―The one to the south sounded deep and turbid, the one to the north had a high, clear pitch. After they were struck, the sounds continued to reverberate as the vibrations slowly faded.‖
