decompo

shortnoteofabout100wordsonLasVegas.

SuggestedReferenceBooks[SRB]

ndardgazetteer

opediaAmericana

opaediaBritannica

Ⅱ.Questionsoncontent:

JohnKoshakdecidetostayandfacethedangersofadevastatinghurricane?

es“MagnaProducts”standfor?

Charliethinktheywereinrealtroublewhenhefoundthewatertastedsalty?

GrandmotherKoshak,atthiscriticalmoment,tellherhusbandshelovedhim?

JohnKoshakfeelacrushingguilt?

GrandmotherKoshakaskthechildrentosing?

dJanisunderstandwhenJohnputhisarmaroundher?

Ⅲ.Questionsonappreciation:

theorganizationalpatternofthispieceofnarration?Howwouldyouclassifythefirstsixparagraphs?

esthewriterfocuschieflyon--developingcharacter,action(plot),oridea(theme)?

heprotagonistorleadingcharacterinthestory?

posingforcesmakeuptheconflict?

sthewriterbuildupandsustainthesuspeninthestory?

sthewritergiveorderandlogicalmovementtothequenceofhappenings?

pointinthestorydoestheactionreachitshighestpoint?

pointwouldyouhaveendedthestory?Why?

astparagraphimportant?Why?

Ⅳ.Paraphra：

'reelevated23feet.(para3)

cehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaverbotheredit.(para3)

attendownandrideitout.(para4)

eratorwasdoud,andthelightswentout.(para9)

odyoutthebackdoortothecars!(para10)

ctricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater.(para11)

tchedthewaterlapatthesteps,andfeltacrushingguilt.(para17)

hroughthismess,willYou?(para17)

riedonaloneforafewbars;thenhervoicetrailedaway.(para21)

adjustonedelayedreaction.(para34)ateparas21--27intoChine.

Ⅵ.Lookupthedictionaryandexplainthemeaningoftheitalicizedwords:

hewatermainsmightbedamaged(para5)

thestormwiththeKoshaks(para6)

rneighborcamebyonhiswayinland(para6)

nchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewin(para8)

eratorwasdoud(para9)

ctricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater(para11)

stedeverythinginitsswath(para19)

riedonaloneforafewbars(para21)

alean-toagainstthewind(para25)

itchedinwithSeabeesintheworstvolunteerworkofall(para33)

Ⅶ.Discriminatethefollowinggr回家真好歌词 oupsofsynonyms:

sh,destroy,raze,annihilate

egrate,decay,rot,spoil,molder,decompo

SuggestedReferenceBooks[SRB]

r'sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage

r'sNewDictionaryofSynonyms

'sDigest,UtheRightWord

Ⅷ.Analytheformationofthefollowingwordsandlist5--10ex-amplesofeach:

sion

estward

b

ees

SuggestedReferencebooks[SRB]

ndarddictionary

'sRhymingDictionary

konlexicologyorwordbuilding

Ⅸ.Inthisnarration,10verbsyouconsiderudmosteffectivelyandgiveyourreasons.

Ⅹ.Mentiontwoexamplesofeachofthefollowing:simile,metaphor,personification.

Ⅺ.Whydoesthewriterusomanyellipticalandshortsimplentences?Illustrateyouranswerwithafewexamples.

Ⅻ.haveatopicntence,acentralidea?Howistheparagraphdeveloped?Whatisthefunctionofthelastntence?

ⅩⅢ.un-onntences,ntencefragments,danglingmodifiers,illogicalorfaultyparallelismandunnecessaryshiftsinpointofview.

ehalfoftheplayerswereinbedwiththeflu.

nakesaredangeroushowever,mostsnakesarequiteharmless.

gouttowardthehorizon,arentlyboundlesxpanofsunburnedprairie.

eknowledgethat,althoughthedocumentshavebeenstolen,theyhavenotyetbeenenbyaforeignagent.

ar,aftergraduatingfromhighschool,myfatherputmetoworkinhisoffice.

eciatethepoem,itmustbereadaloud.

dmymotherwashclotheslastSunday,thuscausingmetomissthatfilm.

gacrossthestate,manybeautifullakeswereen.

ishpeoplenotonlyarehappierbuttheyaremoresuccessful.

lyrealizedthatmydaydreamingwasnotmakingmebeautiful,slender,orfriends.

anofwideexperienceand读海底两万里有感 whoisalsoverypopularwiththefarmers.

erestedinelectronics,becauitisanewfieldandwhichoffersinterestingopportunitiestoonewhoknowsscience

ttheroomcarefully,andthefurnitureandshelvesweredusted.

'smouthisdry,eatalumpofsugarorchewgum.

tmakeyourlfinteresting明穆宗 tothegroupthatlistentoyouandareconstantlytryingtodetectyourmistakes.

ⅩⅣ.Topicsfororalwork:

ethestrongandweakpointsofthenarration?

youadmiremostinthisstory?Why?

veyoulearnedaboutpeopleandsocietyintheUnitedStates?Doesthestorygiveatrueandcompletepicture?XV.

Writeashortnarrationofaround300wordsrelatingyourex-perienceofanearthquake,aflood,atyphoonorahailstorm.15

习题全解I.

1970ithadapopulationof125,e

fromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofLasVegas'conomy,Itsnightclubs

19thcenturyLasVegaswas

1.855-1857theMormonsmaintainedafortthere,andin1864FortBakerwas

1867,LasVegaswasdetachedfromtheArizonaterritoryandjoinedtoNevada.(fromTheNewColumbia

Encyclopedia)

Ⅱ.

'tthinkhisfamilywasinanyrealdanger,HisformerhouhadbeendemolishedbyHurricaneBetsyforitonlystood

ghttheywould

s,hehadtalkedthematteroverwithhisfatheran拉斐尔作品 dmotherandconsultedhislongtimefriend,CharlesHill,beforemakinghisdecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.

gnedanddevelopededucationaltoysandsupplies.

edtheahadreachedthehouandtheywereinrealtroublefortheymightbewashedintotheabythetidalwave.

CriticalmomentwhengrandmotherKoshakthoughttheymightdieatanymoment,shetoldherhusbandthedearestand

uldhelptoencourageeachotherandenablethemtofacedeathwithgreaterrenity.

shakfeltacrushingguileemedtheymightalldieinthehurricane.

otherKoshakaskedthechildrentosingbecaushethoughtthiswouldlesntensionandboostthemoraleofeveryone.

newthatJohnwastryinghisbesttocomfortandencourageherforhetoofelttherewasapossibilityoftheirdying

inthestorm.

Ⅲ.

eceofnarrationisorganizedasfollows..introduction,development,climax,st6paragraphs

areintroductoryparagraphs,givingthetime,place,aragraphsalsointroducethecharactersinthestory.

terfocuschieflyonactionbuthealsoclearlyandsympatheticallydelineatesthecharactersinthestory.

shak,Jr.,istheprotagonistinthestory.

hurricanesmakeuptheconflict.

terbuildsupandsustainsthesuspeninthestorybydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentsshowinghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaughtofthehurricane.

tergivesorderandlogicalmovementtothequenceofhappeningsbydescribingariesofac我的年轻老师 tionsintheorderoftheiroccurrence.

ryreachesitsclimaxinparagraph27.

haveendedthestoryattheendofParagraph27,becauthehurricanepasd,themaincharacterssurvived,andthestorycouldcometoanaturalend.

,ethewriterstateshisthemeorthepurpobehindhisstoryinthereflectionofGrandmotherKoshak:"We

lostpracticallyallourposssions,hinkofthat,Irealizewelostnothingimportant.

Ⅳ.

're23feetabovealevel.

hasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehavercaudanydamagetoit.

akethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.

pedproducingelectricity,sothelightsalsowentout.

odygooutthroughthebackdoorandruntothecars.

ctricalsystemsinthecarhadbeenputoutbywater.

watchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongnofguiltbecauheblamedhimlfforendangeringthewholefamilybydecidingnottofleeinland.

8.()hGod,pleahelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely.

otherKoshaksangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegraduallygrewdimmerandstopped.

isplayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervoustensioncaudbythehurricane.

Ⅴ.

Seethetranslationofthetext.

Ⅵ.

:aprincipalpipeorlineinadistributingsystemforwater,gas,electricity,etc.

:stayuntiltheendof

;(AmericanEnglish)payavisit

：burstopenb关于清廉的诗句 ythestorm.

:putout(alight，fire，generator。etc。)quicklybypouringwateroverit

：(AmericanEnglish)tocau(anengine-etc．)tostop

7．swath：thespacecoveredwithonecutofascythe;alongstrip0rtrack0fanykind

8．bar：ameasureinmusic；thenotesbetweentwoverticallines0namusicsheet

9．1ean—to：ashedorothersmalloutbuildingwithaslopingroof．theupperendofwhichrestsagainstthewallofanotherbuilding

10．Seabee：amemberoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorpsoftheU．S．Navy，thatbuildharborfacilities，

airfields，etc．SeabeestandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion．

Ⅶ．

1．destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑

物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolishatheorywithafewincisivecomments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种

理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际

上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilateanenemyforce，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说

annihilateone’sopponentinadebate，是指彻底驳倒对手。

2。decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：Histeethhavebeguntodecay．(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。)rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等

因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rottingapples(烂了的苹果)。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fishspoilsquicklyinsummer。(鱼

在夏天极易变质。)molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Oldbuildingsmolderaway．(老房子渐渐腐烂了。)disintegrate意指把某物从

整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocksdisintegratedbyfrostandrain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。decompo指将物质分解为其构成成分。

如：Watercallbedecompo(bedecompod)intohydrogenandoxygen．(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。

Ⅷ.

sion=tele+vision,acombiningform"tele-"plusanoun"vision".Furtherexamples,telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.

estward=north+west+wardornorthwest+ward."-ward"isasuffixmeaning“ina(specific)directionorcour".

Furtherexamples:rd,upward,inward,outward,award,.

=motorist+hotel,rexamples:smog=smoke+=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop=triumph,etc.

b=bath+tub,rexamples:bathrobe,m,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,eeper,etc.

ees=return+ees,averbplusanounformingsuffix"-ee"rexamples:

employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,.

1."lash"asin""'CamillelashednorthwestwardacrosstilegulfofMexico".Avividwaytosay"strikewithgreatforce".

2."pummel""Becauthe'wordisoriginallyappliedtohumanbeings,meaning"beatrepeatedlywiththefists".

3."whip"asin"Windandrainnowwhippedthehou".Becauitismorevividthan"fallheavilyon".

4."kill"asin"theelectric牛肉炖豆腐 alsystemshadbeenkilledbywater".Becauitleavesadeeperimpressiononthereadersthan"stop"does.

5."inchone'sway"asin"Waterincheditswayupthesteps…”Itmakesthereadersalsoeclearlythatwaterwasrisinglittlebylittle.

6."bother"asin"nohurricanehaverbotheredit".Itvirtuallymeans"dodamageto"here.

7."lap"asin"Johnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps…",meaning"extendbeyondsomelimit"or,infact,"rislowly".

8."skim"liftedtheentireroofoffthehouandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair",whichgivesthereadersadeepimpressionofhowstrongthewindwas.

9."ize"asin"Itizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltank1anddumpedit3ymilesaway".Itemedasifthehurricanehadaverystrongandlargehand.

10."crack"and"snap"asin"Telephonepolesand20-inchthickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem",providing

:

ldrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.(comparingthepassingofchildrentothepassingofbucketsofwaterinafirebrigadewhenfightingafire)

dsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.(comparingthesoundofthewindtotheroarofapassing

train)Metaphor:

attendownandrideitout.(comparingthehouinahurricanetoashipfightingastormata)

drainnowwhippedthehou.(Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouasifwithawhip.)Personification:

tlater,thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongpersonliftingsomethingheavyandthrowingitthroughtheair.)

eda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit31/2milesaway.(Thehurricaneactedasaverystrongmanlifting

somethingveryheavyanddumpingit31/2milesaway.).

Ⅺ.

Ellipticalandshortsimplentenadramatic

narrationmplethetext,paragraphs10-18

and21-26.

Ⅻ.

Thetopicntenceofparagraph1is"JohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad."Thisideaisdevelopedor

supportedbyfactsorreasonsshowinghowJohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad．Thelastntenceintroduces

someothercharactersinhestoryandrvesasatransitiontothenextimportantpointinthestory—whyJohnKoshakJr．，decided

nottoabandonhishome．

ⅩⅢ．

在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。

Thentencefragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的

语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用

的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。

Therun—onntence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的

句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫

误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。Thedanglingmodifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，

与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，

尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。

Theillogicalorfaultyparallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。

不能将which或who引导的从句用and与主句相联。关联连词(both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中

的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。

Theshiftinpointofview：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称

及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：

Thebasketballgamewascanceledbecauhalfoftheplayerswereinbedwithflu．

Thesnakesaredangerous。However，mostsnakesarequiteharmless．

3．Lookingouttowardthehorizon，sheSawonlytheoldcabininwhichMarywasborn，asinglecottonwoodthathadescapedthe

droughtandtheapparentlyboundlesxpanofsunburnedprairie．

4．Weknewthatalthoughthedocumentshavebeenstolentheyhavenotyetbeenenbyaforeignagent．

5．Lastyear，afterIhadgraduatedfromhighschool．myfatherputmetoworkinhisoffice．

6．Toappreciatethepoem，onemustreaditaloud．

7．1misdthatfilmbecaulhadtostayhometohelpmymotherwashclotheslastSunday．

8．Drivingacrossthestate，onesawmanybeautifullakes．

9．Unlfishpeoplearenotonlyhappierbutalsomoresuccessful．

1O．Ifinallyrealizedthatmydaydreamingwasnotmakingmebeautifulandslenderorbringingmefriends．

11．Heisamanofwideexperienceandalsoofgreatpopularityamongthefarmers．

12．Iaminterestedinelectronics，whichisanewfieldandwhichoffersinterestingopportunities10onewhoknowsscience．

13．Wecarefullyswepttheroomanddustedthefurnitureandtheshelves。

14．Ifone’smouthisdry，oneshouldeatalumpofsugarorchewgum．

15．Youmustmakeyourlfinterestingtothegroupthatlistens23toyouandisconstantlytryingtodetectyourmistakes

ⅪllsPeople

Fourpeoplegotkilledlboyoftenwasstruck

byflyingdebrisandlosthislifewhwasone

eteachersawtheroofbeginningtolift,unately,rtwochildrenweretakentohospitalwithslightinjury.

Awoman,aged81,waskilledwhenachimney,dislodgedbyastrongwind,rwoman,aresidentonthefirstfloorofabuilding,wasalsokilledoutrightbythefallingmasonry.

rmethisdeathnearafillingstationwhenhiscarraninto

atreethathadf网吧电脑配置 allenacrosstheroad.