forestall

基础英语试题

ⅠCHOICE

lshorttripstosmallerHawaiianislandswereallpart

ofBenny’s_____.

Aitinerary

Brervation

CtransportationDagency

ngmallsaccountfor60percentoftheretail

businessdoneintheUnitedStatesbecautheyarecontrolledenvironments,which____concernsabouttheweather.

Aeliminate

Bnecessitate

CfosterDjustify

eepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe____.

Adeceptive

Bdefective

CdeficientDineffective

tastheirplansounded,itendedin____.

Atriumph

Bcollap

CdebrisDfiasco

hnesswasa____ofhischaracterthatweldomsaw.

AfacilityBflank

CfakeDfacet

eopleoftenspeakoffrugalityasthegreatestvirtuewhendealingwithmoney.

Aexcess

Bfinality

CrestraintDgenerosity

coonisa____animal.

Anebulous

Bnocturnal

CmarsupialDdiurnal

theimagesinsymbolistpoetrywhichareoften

vagueand____,theimagesofsurrealistpoetryarestartlingly____andbold.

Aextraneous…furtiveCtrivial…inadvertent

Bobscure…concreteDspectacular…pallid

teddatingregularlyandsoondevelopedaneasy____.

Aecstasy

Brapport

CfantasyDprehension

ayedtheroleofanunsophisticatedcountrygirl

who’dcometothecityforherfirstjob.

Aoverweight

Bpoorlyclothed

CilliterateDnaive

ⅡREADINGPASSAGEA

OHDEAR！Ohdear！Ishallbetoolate！”Somutteredthe

WhiteRabbitjustbeforeheplungedintoWonderland，with

rutteranceshavebeenescapingthelipsof

Europeanphysicists，asitwasconfirmedlastweekthattheirown

subterraneanWonderland，anewmachinecalledtheLarge

HadronCollider，

delaymayenabletheirAmericanrivalstoscoopthembyfinding

theHiggsboson—predicted43yearsagobyPeterHiggsof

EdinburghUniversitytobethereasonwhymatterhasmass，butnotyetactuallydiscovered.

TheLargeHadronColliderisa27km-longcircularaccelerator

thatisbeingbuiltatCERN，theEuropeanparticle-physics

laboratorynearGeneva，specificallytolookfortheHiggsboson.

Wheniteventuallystartswork，itwillbetheworld'smost

alsobethemostexpensive，

havingcostSFr10billion（$8billion）oratory

hadhopeditwouldbereadyin2005，buttheschedulehas

trecentdelaycameattheendof

March，withthedramaticfailureofamagnetasmblythathad

beensuppliedbyCERN'sAmericancounterpart，theFermi

NationalAcceleratorLaboratory（Fermilab）nearChicago.

Thisdevicewasoneoffourdesignedtofocusbeamsof

particlesbeforetheycollideintheexperimentalareas.

Admittedly，ithadbeenplacedunderextremeconditionswhen

itfailed，butsuchforcesaretobeexpectedfromtimetotime

netshaveyetto

befixed，，liderhas

beenbuiltineightctions，eachofwhichmustbecooledtotemperaturesonlyjustaboveabsolutezero.

Thisisbecauthemagnetsudtoacceleratetheparticles

tothehighenergiesneededforparticlephysicsrelyonthephenomenon

of

superconductivity

to

work—and

superconductivity，inturn，needxtremelylowtemperatures.

Unfortunately，thefirstoftheeightctionstookfarlongertochillthanhadbeenexpected.

If，astheothervenctionsarecooled，furtherproblems

emerge，thestart

samonthto

cooleachction，andamonthtowarmeachonebackupto

ok，say，amonthtofixany

problemsidentifiedasactioncooled，eachcyclewould

lerateprogress

（aswellasparticles），CERN'smanagementdecidedlastweek

dof

beginningslowlywithsomesafe-but-dulllow-energycollisions，

themachine'sfirstrunwillaccelerateitsparticlestohighenergiesstraightaway.

Suchhastemaybewi，forrumoursarecirculatingthat

physicistsworkingattheTevatron，whichisbadatFermilab

andiscurrentlytheworld'smostpowerfulcollider，havebeen

gitwouldvirtually

guaranteethediscovereraNobelprize—sharedjointly，no

doubt，herush，ashundredsofphysicists

headdowntherabbithole，ekingtheirownadventuresinWonderland.

tencesinAliceinWonderlandarecitedinthefirstparagraphinorderto_____

[A]illustratethatthenewmachineEuropeanphysicistshaveinventedisfullofwonder.

[B]describethemoodoftheEuropeanphysicistsfacingthedelayoftheLargeHadronCollider

[C]tellpeoplethattheEuropeanphysicistswillputofftheprentationoftheirnewmachine.

[D]reflectthepublic‘agernessinusingtheLargeHadronCollider.

d“scoop”（Line6，Paragraph1）mostprobablymeans_____

[A]forestall.[B]defeat.[C]surpass.[D]vanquish.

neofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofPeter

Higgs’contributioninthisfield？

[A]Itwashimwhoinitiatedtheideathatthereexistedsuchabosontomakematterhavemass.

[B]Hemadethefamoustimatethathumanbeingswouldfindoutsuchabosoninthefuture.

[C]HeclaimedwithconvincingevidencethatAmericawouldoutrunEuropeindiscoveringtheHiggsboson.

[D]Itwashimwhofirstdiscoveredthebosonwhichmakesmatterhavemass.

eduleoftheLargeHadronColliderhasslippedrepeatedlybecauofthefollowingreasonexcept_____

[A]thedeviceoffocusingbeamsofparticleswashavingascrewloo.

[B]ittooklongertocooldownthesuperconductivitysothatthecollidercouldworknormally.

[C]ittookaverylongperiodtomakeeightctionscooldownorregaintemperature.

[D]therehappenedadramaticfailureofamagnetasmbly

whichwasnotbeyondexpectation

‘Smanagementdecidedtohavethemachine’sfirstrunaccelerateitsparticlesstraightawaybecau_____

[A]theyareafraidthatAmericanrearcherswillgettoetheHiggsbosonaheadofthem.

[B]thesafe-but-dulllow-energycollisionwastoooldfashioned.

[C]theywantedtodispeltherumoursthatphysicistsattheTevatronhavebeeneinghintsoftheHiggsboson.

[D]theywantedtohaveatryofthenewwayofacceleratingparticles.

Passage1

Becauinthenextcenturyoneinfourofourpopulationwill

beover60，maintainingthehealthandqualityoflifeofthe

omentaman

whoreaches60canexpecttoliveanother20years，awoman

newsisthatmanydisablingconditions

likeheartdiaandstroke，arthritis，osteoporosisand

need

thereforetotrytoensureisthattho'retirementyears'are

characterizedbygoodhealth，autonomyandfulfillment.

Amajorpriorityisreducing—oratleastpostponing—the

more

andmoreaboutthewayorgenesaffectourpredispositionto

dia，sothedayswecaninfluencegeneexpressionby

atbulkofchronic

diasarepreventableandwecandoalotintermsoflifestyle

eofthatthepopulationappears

tobegettinghealthier：todaysaverage60yearoldtwodecadesago.

Medically，thenextfewdecadesareaboutaddinglifeto

yearsasmuchasyearstolife：compressingthespanofdisability

andmorbidity，prervingmernetursintheUnitedStatesisnowamongtheover60s.

Withaboutaquarterofourlivestoenjoyafter60，howcan

theindividualmakebestuoftheir“retirementyears”and

experienceofolderpeople？Hereweneednothinglessthana

majorredesigninourattitudes，aswellasinourinstitutions，

whichevolvedtosupportpopulations，withaverydifferentagestructure.

Markedregionalvariationsintimescalesareapparenttoo：

NorthernEuropehasbeenageingoverth美食简介 elastcentury，butin

Singaporeofthepopulationover60todoublefrom9to18per

anvenlesstimetofaceupmajorsocialchanges.

PerhapsSingaporeintheendbemoresuccessfulthanweare？

Everyaspectofsociety，includingemployment，health，

taxation，pensionsandeducation，

whateverrecipeweoptfor，profoundchangesinagestructurecanonlymeanprofoundsocialchangesahead.

ingtothepassage，whyitisimportanttomainthe

healthandqualityoflifeoftheelderly？

canonlyliveveralyearsafter60.

erlyoftensufferfromthedisablingconditions.

slargepopulationinoldage.

fthefollowingstatementsisright？

timportantthingistofindawaytocurethechronicdia.

earrangeourgenes.

lterourhabitstoreducetherateofchronic

dia.

snorelationshipbetweenourlifestyleandthechronicdia.

themeaningofthefirstntenceinparagraph3？elongerthebetter.

ldliveinhighquality；evenourlivesarenotlongenough.

ldlivelongerandhealthier.

ldleadaliveofdifferentstyle.

thebesttitleforthepassage？

eattentiontotheelderly

althily

ldisbecomingolder

theauthorsattitude？

ldutheelderly—theenormouspotentialmarkettoearnmoremoney.

illbeabigchangeinoursocietyfortherearemoreandmoreelders.

orewillbemoresuccessfulindealingwithelders.

nwhoismorethan60yearsoldshouldenjoytheirretirementyearsratherthanwork.

Passage3

Thechieffunctionsoftheheartaretondbloodtothe

lungs，sothattheycanreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair，and

thentopumpthisoxygenateduponthisreceivingaconstant

particulartruefortheheart

itlfwhichcontracts10，000timesaday，andrequiresavery

largeamountofoxygenforconversionintotheenergynecessary

rtmuscle，

ormyocardium，receivesitsoxygenatedbloodfromthemain

artery，oraorta，starteries

thatarefedbytheaortaarethetwocoronaryarteries，socalled

becautheycirclelikeacrown—theupperpartoftheheart.

Itisobviousthatanydecreainthisbloodsupplymightimpairthefunctionsoftheheart.

Inadequatebloodsupplytothemyocardiumresultither

fromadecreainthebloodflowthroughthecoronaryarteries，

orfromanincreainthedemandsoftheheartmusclewithout

e，

decreadflowisthemorecommon，anditisduetostructural

elasticity，

increadrigidity，fatty，fibrous，andevenbonychangesoccur

patchilyalongtheinnercoatsofthecoronaryarteries，andareknownasatherosclerosis.

Seriousdiaofthecoronaryarteriescanleadtotheir

eobstruction

isgradual，itwillcausomeisolatedmusclefibrestodieand

ngemaybesogradual

thatitneverleadstoanysymptoms，orontheotherhand，it

mayresultinthepainofanginapectoris（心绞痛）。Sudden

obstructionofoneofthecoronaryarteriescutoffalltheflowofbloodtoareaoftheheartmusclebeyondtheobstruction

andusuallyresultsinthevere，prolonged，andinten

painofaheartattack，andwhenitoccursatacriticalsite，theresultmaybedisastrous.

een

foundinthemummifiedbodiesofmenwholived5，000years.

Moreover，thereividencetosuggestthatitmaynotbe

rehas，incontrast，beenanalarmingincrea

inanginaandincoronaryheartattacksduringthelastfortyyears.

Thereisnodoubtthattofindanexplanationofthisbigincreaisoneofthemostpressingproblemsformedicalrearchtoday.

Oneoftheearliestchangesinthedevelopmentof

atherosclerosisistheappearanceintheinnercoatsoftheartery

ofafat，calledcholesterol；andasthearteryisprogressively

destroy，ears

agoRussianrearchworkersshowedthatcholesterolfedto

rabbitsproducedchangesverysimilartohumancoronary

ssufficientevidencetosuggestth古诗书法作品硬笔 atthe

richnessofourWesterndietmaybeoneofthecontributory

causofcoronaryheartattacks，butitisfarfromclearwhether

thisisduetoanexcessofcalories，thehighproteincontent，

thehighfatcontent，ent，

itisnotpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthere

isacausalrelationshipbetweentheamountoffatorthetypeoffatweeatandtheincidenceofheartattacks.

thechieffunctionoftheheart？

bloodreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair.

gbloodtothelungs.

theactivityofeverytissueinbodyworkinorder.

torsthatcancauatherosclerosixcept.

reainsupplytoheart

drigidity

angesoccurringalongtheinnercoasts

fthefollowingresultsofthediaofthecoronaryarteriesisnotmentionedinthepassage.

ction

fibrestodie

theabilitytodosports

fthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue？

ryhasamorethan5，000yearshistory.

reaofcoronaryismuchlessthananginaandheartattacks.

remanyevidencestoclarifythefactsthattheincreaofcoronaryismuchlessthananginaandheartattacks.

ndietisnotgoodforhumanhealth.

horsstylecanbestbedescribedas.

ic

ive

c

icPassage4

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violence

hassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolving

differences,recountries

wherethewhitemanimposhisrulebybruteforce;thereare

countrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbyttingfiretocities

antpeopleonbothsides,

whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,get

upandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimate

solution,reallyfrightening,whatreallyfills

youwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothe

crunch,ear

collarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremain

leoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaught

stillnotlearntthatviolencenever

erhorror,the

bloodshed,tionevercomes

tolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionslie

e

despid,mistrustedandevenpercutedbytheirownkind

becautheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslaw

theenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogoodu,ifour

effortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,

atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationand

employmentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarriving

engthissappedbyhavingtomopupthe

l-directedeffort,it

wouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocial

efitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructive

solutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.

Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-

existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother's

othis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimple

exerciincommunication,inexchanginginformation."Talk,talk,

talk,"theadvocatesofviolencesay,"allyoueverdoistalk,and

wearenonethewir."It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamous

listeningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafter

allthistalk,hewasnonethewir."Possible,mylord,"the

barristerreplied,"nonethewir,butsurelyfarbetterinformed."

Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

thebesttitleforthispassage?[A]AdvocatingViolence.

[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

[D]edhistoryhastaughtus

[A]violenceneversolvesanything.[B]nothing.[C]thebloodshedmeansnothing.[D]everything.

einferredthattrulyreasonablemen

[A]can'tgetahearing.[B]arelookeddownupon.[C]arepercuted.[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

4."Hewasnonethewir"means[A]hewasnotatallwiinlistening.

[B]Hewasnotatallwirthannothingbefore.

[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.[D]Hemakesnonoftheargument.

ingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis

[A]lawenforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]nonviolence.[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.

Passage5

lthiscomingandgoing，

you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthe

tofit！Superbsystemsof

communicationbyair，aandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother'sonce

the'grandtour'，rervedforonlytheveryrich，isnowwithin

everybody'sgrasp？Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsare

travelernjoyalevelofcomfort

whichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn't

t'sthenofthismasxchangeof

populationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorant

ofeachother？

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthis

liberatelytouttoprotecttheirclients

ern

touristleadsacosted日记做家务 ，satinternational

hotels，whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshis

internationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.

touristisallowedtoeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoe

tschedulemakesit歌颂 impossibleforthetourist

towanderoffonhisown；andanyway，languageisalwaysa

barrier，

itsveryworst，thisleadstoanewandhideouskindof

merquartersoftheinhabitantsofthecite

universitaire：

aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.

BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoes

nottoeatpaella，butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothe

'tethepeopleof

othernationsastheyreallyare，butaswehavebeenbroughtup

ve

nationalities，say，French，German，English，Americanand

ourmind，matchthemwiththefiveadjectives：

musical，amorous，cold，pedantic，mproviding

uswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoples

justmentioned，

whenyoutoutonyourtravels，theonlycharacteristicsyou

e

awaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat，

say，'Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites'ofthat'Latinpeoplesshouta

lot'.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstand

can

youmakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbestto

preventyou？

Carriedtoanextreme，stereotypescanbepositively

neralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindus

tothebasicfact〞howtriteitsounds！每Tha凉拌绿豆芽 tallpeopleare

llsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.

ttitleforthispassageis

[A]Tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.

[B]Tourismistiresome.[C]Conductedtourisdull.

[D]Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry.

theauthor'sattitudetowardtourism？

[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]appreciative.

ordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatin

peopleshoutalot？

[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.

pooftheauthor'scriticismistopointout

[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.

[C]whentraveling，younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.

[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.

'grandtour'now？[A]moderatecost.

[B]localsight-eingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.

[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.

[D]everybodycanenjoythe'grandtour'。Passage6

everytype

ofphysicallandfeature，sortofarcticicefieldsandtropical

ycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclotooneanother.

PeoplelivinginBakersfield，forinstance，canvisitthe

PacificOceanandthecoastalplain，thefertileSanJoaquinValley，

thearidMojaveDert，andthehighSierraNevada，allwithin

rareasitispossibletogo

snowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthe

sameday，withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

hestpointinthe

UnitedStates（outsideAlaska）isinCalifornia，andsoisthe

lowestpoint（includingAlaska）。MountWhitney，14，494

feetabovealevel，isparatedfromDeathValley，282feet

belowalevel，areashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep，clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe，

thedeepestinthecountry，butitalsohasshallow，saltydert

akeTulainyo，12，020feetabovealevel，and

thelowestlakeinthecountry，theSaltonSea，236feetbelow

itslakes，likeOwensLakeinDeathValley，are

notlakesatall：theyaredrieduplakebeds.

Inadditiontomountains，lakes，valleys，derts，and

plateaus，CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline，stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.

fthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnited

States？

lainyo

dert

tonSea

sthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated？

hoe.

Nevada.

.

awayisDeathVa男发 lleyfromMountWhitney？

3miles.

100miles.

C.282feet.

D.14，494feet.

fthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage

asbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield？

ificOcean.

Dert.

andWashington.

tatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisa

landofvarietyandcontrast？

hestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.

ssibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.

Nevada，SanJoaquinValley，MojaveDertandthePacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.

ⅣTRANSLATION

曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像

亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地

开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星

星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，

送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与

花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是

肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉

的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。

月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮

起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。

虽然是满月，天上却有一层淡淡的云，所以不能朗照；但我以为这恰

是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也别有风味的。月光是隔了树照

过来的，高处丛生的灌木，落下参差的斑驳的黑影，峭楞楞如鬼一般；

弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影，却又像是画在荷叶上。塘中的月色并不均

匀；但光与影有着和谐的旋律，如梵婀玲上奏着的名曲。

Amassiveearthquakethatshockedtheworldstruck

hefirmleadershipoftheCPC

CentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil,peopleofallethnic

groupsinChina,especiallyinthequakezone,workedasoneand

ple's

armyrushedtothefrontlineswithoutthinkingoftheirownsafety.

Welaunchedanearthquakerescueandreliefoperationthat

accomplisheditsworkfaster,mobilizedmorepersonneland

committedmoreresourcesthaneverbeforeinChina'shistory.

Westeadfastlygavetopprioritytosavingpeople'

pulled84,ptlyrepaired

damagedinfrastructure,andresolutelyunblockedtheMount

ourutmosttopreventanepidemicfromoccurringandensured

thattherewasnomajoroutbreakofdiasafterthedeadly

tralgovernmentallocated38.4billionyuan

forquakereliefand74billionyuanforpost-earthquakerecovery

ptlyintroducedahostofpolicies

getically

organizedone-to-oneassistancetodesignatedareasaffectedby

fromallctorsofsocietyinChinamade

generousdonations,bothincashandinkind;ourcompatriotsin

HongKong,MacaoandTaiwanaswellasoverasChinecontributedgenerouslytothedisasterrelief

campaign;andtheinternationalcommunityprovideduswith

scombinedto

formaboundlesssourceofstrengthfortheChinepeopleto

rdstruggleagainsttheearthquake

produceduncountabletouchingandbraveexploitsandfully

demonstratedthegreatindomitableandunyieldingspiritofthe

Chinepeople,thuswritingaheroicchapterinthehistoryofthenation.

ⅤWRITING

Societyandthemediahavealwaysbeenfascinatedwith

moviestars,r.,

thisphenomenonhasnowreachedthepointwhere

celebrities’everymove,wordandpersonaldetailareoften

yourviewonthemedia’sgrowinginterestintheprivatelivesoffamouspeople?