subjection

更新时间:2023-04-13 19:46:13 阅读: 评论:0


2023年4月13日发(作者:网银支付流程)

专业英语八级(阅读)-试卷133

(总分:44.00,做题时间:90分钟)

一、READINGCOMPREHENSION(总题数:11,分数:44.00)

READINGCOMPREHENSION

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

NAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthisctionthereareveralpassagesfollowedby

hmultiple-choicequestion,therearefoursuggested

answersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Chootheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModern坐成语 Englandmostlyrvedtorepresswomen'rchal

cultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,

beginningofthe17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgender

hierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandthe

BasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwanto

beimagedingly,

awoman'ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglish

peopletotheirmonarch,,theperiodsawanoutpouringof

repressiveorovertlymisogynistrmons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen'sphysicalandmental

defects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,e

theElizabethanera(1558—1603)

theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethough

ethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginal

17thcentury,however,various

thing,some

counterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extended

kinshipnetworks,clofemalefriends,theparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames'consort)

ther,mostofthewomen

hadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,

occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsfor

imaginingwomen',reprentationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersin

literatureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstruct

ofwomen'portant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentinthe

ProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian'simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimary

splentyofsupportinStPaul's

epistlesandelwhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife'ssubjectiontoherhusband,but

sometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen's

spiritualequality:"ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereis

neithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist."Suchtextncouragedsomewomen

toclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariouarthlypatriarchswho

salsothegaporslippagebetweenideology

hwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexerc猴头菇功效 idagooddealofaccrual

power:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands'abncesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomatic

missions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarand

Interregnum(1640—1660),astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocial

hierarchiesledmanywomentoizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetess,asdeputiesfor

exiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.(分数:8.00)

(1).AllofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofEarlyModernEnglandEXCEPTthat________.(分

数:2.00)

'smeritswereextolledinpublications√

'sopinionswerenotasked

eresubjecttotheirhusbands

ereoftenreferredtophysicalandmentaldefects

解析:解析:细节题。第一段首句指出,现代英国早期的社会环境通常压制女性的声音,故排除[B];倒数

第二句指出,女性首先要服从父亲,然后要服从丈夫,体现了英国臣民服从君主,基督徒服从上帝,故排

除[C];最后一句指出,这一时期出来许多压制或公开反对妇女的布道(教义)、小册子和戏剧,详细地描述

了妇女在精神上和肉体上的缺陷、精神罪恶、叛逆、刻薄以及天生不如男人的品性,故排除[D]。只有[A]

不是现代英国早期的特征,故为答案。

(2).Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantowr描写动物的 itenovelarticlesNOTbecau________.(分数:2.00)

asstruggleagainstwomen'ssubordination

rebettereducated

remateriallyindependent√

reinspiredbyheroinesinliteraryworks

解析:解析:细节题。第二段解释了伊丽莎白女王统治时期女性作家开始独创文章的原因。第五句指出,

一方面,女性团体开始抗衡家长制,故[A]是原因之一;倒数第二句指出,另一方面,这些女性多数拥有良

好的教育,故[B]也是原因之一;最后一句指出,文学作品,特别是舞台上的一些充满活力、反叛的女性角

色毫无疑问地削弱了原来固有的女性的社会形象,这说明当时的女性作家受到文学作品中女性角色的激励,

故[D]也是原因之一。只有[C]没有提及,故为答案。

(3).Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatinthe17thcentury,women________.(分数:

2.00)

rdtimeinstrivingfortheirequalrights

rtainprogressintheirfightforequalrights√

arilylostconfidenceinfightingforequalrights

hedovermeninfightingforequalrights

解析:解析:推断题。第三段末句指出,这样的文章鼓励有些妇女去寻求最高家长——上帝的支持,以对

抗各种各样的凡间家长,他们声称替代上帝对付她们。接下来末段首句指出,在理想和现实之间还是有差

距的。作者对此进行阐述:英国妇女在整个17世纪掌握了很多实权,并列举了许多具体的事例。从该段可

以推断出女性在争取平等权利的斗争中取得了一定的胜利,但还不是全面的胜利,故[B]为答案,排除[D];

文中没有涉及[A]、[C]的内容,故排除。

(4).Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(分数:2.00)

'sPositioninthe17thCentury√

'sSubjectiontoPatriarchy

Circumstancesinthe17thCentury

'sRebellioninthe17thCentury

解析:解析:主旨题。第一段指出英王詹姆士重新以法律形式确定家长制的思想体系:妇女要服从父亲、

丈夫,因此那时的妇女注重贞洁、沉默、顺从。接下来指出某些社会和文化因素赋予妇女以力量,让她们

开始反抗家长制,如女皇以身作则等。最后指出在17世纪,有的英国妇女实际上已经掌握实权。因此可知,

作者采用了对比的写作手法,从女性对男性的从属地位,写到导致女性觉醒的一些社会因素,从而女性们

进行抗争,取得一定的胜利。可见,全文论述的是17世纪英国妇女的地位问题,故答案为[A]。

Anothetemarked

,a"digitalwallet"thatholdsmultiplepayment

dofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailsandcardnumbersto

payforstuffonline,viceisprovided

byVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,clo

toahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpayments

honeapps

uchasSquareand

PayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusing

ughlin,whooveremergingpayments

technologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessoverthe

past12monthstothecardfirms'nifplasticcardventuallygothe

wayofvinylrecords,cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecautheytooareinvestingheavily

bettingitsmemberbankscanhelp

ittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofeBayandhasgrown

50financialinstitutions

,whichacceptsnon-Visacardsinitswallet,Card

andothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandtickets

longallofthewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,

wherefirmssuchasSquare,

whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-umobilewallet,andGooglehavebeenfocusing

erSchulz,Visa'sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbea

totheirtrustedbrands,big

budgetsandpaymentssavvy,tworksarealso

takingstakes

ownspartofSquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentrvice

availablein7,000ofthecoffeechain'salsoinvestedinMoniti,

anExpress,foritspart,hastupa$100mdigital-commerce

fund,oneofwhoinvestmentsisiniZettle,ewhave

hathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchas

ISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainful

todealwithregulators,boutthecurityof

new-,theycannot

eane,ananalystatDeutscheBank,pointsoutthatrivaldigitalwalletscould

promotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstored-valuecardsanddirect

ailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreate

theirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytoprompturstochoothepaymentoptionsthatare

cheapestforthechains,ry,thebossofSquare

andaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvarious

paymentoptionsclearertoconsumersandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.

"Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago"hesays,"andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovations

since."Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibblewiththatbutonethingtheycanallagreeon

Card'hlin

claimsthat85%lepurchastakeoff,more

gestprizeofallliesinemergingmarkets,wherea

lackoffinancialinfrastructureishasteningtheriofphone-badpaymentssystemssuchas

M-Pesa,ssnappedupFundamo,which

specialisinpaymentrvicesfortheunbankedandunderbankedinemergingmarkets;MasterCard

hastupajointventurecalledWandawithTelef6nica,aSpanishtelecomsfirm,whichaimsto

mentsworldischangingfastbutthecardfirms

arenotabouttoletrivalsswipetheirbusiness.(分数:8.00)

(1).WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureof"digitalwallet"?(ParagraphOne)(分数:2.00)

.

ghitisvirtual,ithasthesamefunctionswithpaymentcards.

requirestheurstoenteraurnameandapassword.

viceisonlyprovidedbyVisa,acard-paymentnetwork.√

解析:解析:细节题。第一段第四句指出,电子钱包业务由维萨公司提供,但该段并未表述维萨是该业务

的唯一供应商。根据第三段最后一句可知,诸如万事达等其他公司也在兜售电子钱包,[D]过于绝对,与文

意不符,故为正确答案。根据第一段第二句可知,在电子钱包面世之前,美国已经向发达国家发布了测试

版的电子钱包——V.me,而如今的电子钱包集多种支付卡功能于一身,[A]和[B]符合文意,故排除;根据

第一段第三句可知,电子钱包面世后,网上支付只需输入用户名和密码,不再需要提供卡号和个人信息,

[C]符合文意,故排除。

(2).WhatcanbeinferredfromthepredictionofJenniferSchulz?(分数:2.00)

uremarketwillbeamixtureofdigitalwalletfirmsandcardcompanies.√

walletswilldominatethepaymentsworldaftermarketshocks.

somecardscompaniessurvive,theywillbereplacedatlast.

walletfirmsfinallywinonlybecautheyhavemoreconvenientfunctions.

解析:解析:推断题。根据第四段第三、四句可知,珍妮弗.舒尔茨预测,市场将迎来一次大洗牌,之后仅

会有几家电子钱包供应商胜出,一拟人的成语 家或多家支付卡公司将在其中。由此可推测,未来市场将是电子钱包和

支付卡公司并存的混合型市场,[A]符合文意,故为正确答案。文中并未指出混合型市场中哪类公司占主导

地位,故排除[B];根据珍妮弗.舒尔茨的预测,支付卡公司最终在市场上仍有立足之地,但并不能推测其

最终是否会被替代,故排除[C];该段第一句指出,手机钱包有可能最终出现在移动电话上,它可以用来购

买商店里或其他地方的物品。这彰显了其卓越的便利功能,但并不能由此推测移动手机钱包在市场上立足

的原因仅限于此,[D]过于绝对,故排除。

(3).WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthedescriptionofISIS?(分数:2.00)

efitthatthecardfirmsgotfromthefailureofISISwastemporary.√

ensivecostofnewpaymentssystemsmadeISISgobankrupt.

sortium,itishardtocooperatewithregulatorsandotheraspects.

lureofISISspeedsthereplacementofallpaymentcards.

解析:解析:推断题。根据第六段第三句可知,人们对新式支付系统安全性的担忧正中当今支付卡公司的

下怀。又通过第七段第一句可知,尽管支付卡公司因此得益,但他们并不能放松。由此可推断支付卡公司

的确从伊希斯财团创建新支付系统的失败中得利,但由于数字钱包的发展势头强劲而不敢有丝毫松懈,所

以他们的得利是暂时的,[A]符合文意,故为正确答案。通过第六段第二句可知,成本昂贵、难以处理与监

管机构的关系以及建立反欺诈系统障碍重重是伊希斯财团失败的直接原因,不是由伊希斯事件得出的结论,

故排除[B]和[C];通过第七段第二句可知,数字钱包的迅猛发展加速了各种支付卡的更新换代,这与伊希

斯财团的失利无直接的因果关系,故排除[D]。

(4).Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthecompetitionbetweendigitalwalletandpaymentcard?

(分数:2.00)

mmercestillinvolvescashandcheques,sopaymentcardsarehardtoremove.

-badpaymentssystemssuchasM-pesawillspreadthroughouttheworld.

ntventurescombinedtheinnovativefirmswithcardfirmswilloccupythemarketallovertheworld.

mobilepaymentwillcoverallovertheworld,thecardfirmsarenoteasytogiveup

themarket.√

解析:解析:推断题。根据第九段最后一句可知,虽然支付界变幻莫测,但支付卡公司并不打算将自己的

业务拱手相让,同时根据第九段第一、二句可知,在一些经济相对落后的新兴市场,移动支付业务已经迅

速崛起,由此可推测,在未来移动业务将覆盖全球,但支付卡公司仍会力争市场份额,[D]符合文意,故为

正确答案。根据第八段第四、五句可知,虽然现阶段大多数商业活动仍然涉及现金和支票,但随着移动购

买业务的飙升,更多的这类商业活动将依托网络为载体运营。由此可推测未来支付卡的市场地位将会动摇,

故排除[A];根据第九段第一、二句可知,由于新兴市场缺乏金融基础设施,所以基于手机的支付系统如“移

动钱包”在肯尼亚等地迅速崛起,但其并不代表世界范围内的情况都与肯尼亚等地的新兴市场类似,故排

除[B];同样根据这两句可知,合资企业的成立适应了拉丁美洲等新兴市场的需求,并不能由此推测其也适

应于世界其他地区,故排除[C]。

Mycar'les

soutitschromehearttomakemylifeeasier,for—asitsmanufacturersare

quicktoclaim—thecompanydevoteshundreds茶园中学 ofman-hourstotestingandretestingeachpossible

hapefitsmostnaturallyinto

ahumanhand?Whichcoveringismostpleasing?Andwhichoveralllookmakesyourfingerstremble

withanticipation?Thiscuriouspursuit,reputedlyespoudbyandentrenchedwithinallof

today'smajormanufacturingfirms,iscalledergonomics,definedas"thedegreetowhichthesystem

hasbeendevelopedwiththehumanurinmind".Personally,

ly,forexample,Ipurchadarowingmachine

minutesofunwrappingmybooty,IrealizedtheunitIwassocautiously

emblyinstructionshinted

darklythatputtingthecontraptiontogetherwouldbeonlyslightlyles济南博物馆 scomplexthanbuilding

erancepaidoff,pplyingequalamountsoftimeandluck,

onlycogentergonomicthoughtthatwentintothe

des'rgonomics

deocastterecorders:VCRsarelikesnowflakes—notwoarequitealike.

Whileallareintendedtodomoreorlessthesamethings—play,recordnow,recordlater—the

oormisplace

themanual,nthereistheubiquitous

tho"low","medium"and"high"ttingsreallyhintat?Showmeaconsumer

sufficientlyschooledintheeffectofmicrowavetransmissionsonfoodmoleculestoproperly—and

intuitively—lecttheoptimaltting!Onlysmallchildren,blessthen,emtoknowhowto

makethemachinesbendtotheirwills."Putitonhigha自制芝士 ndblastit,"saysmynine-year-old

onetrulysaythemoderncarisdesignedwiththehumanurin

mind?Recallthelasttimeyouploppedbehindthewheelofyourneighbor'ckly

didyoufindtheknobthatpoppedopenthebonnetorthehood?Wereyouabletoadjusttheleft-side

mirrorwithoutadjustingtheright-sidemirror,activatingtheheadlightwashersorwipers,or

possiblyloweringtheconvertibletop?Didyouknowwhichlevertopushorpulltoslidetheat

forwardwithoutsimultaneouslyupttingtheangleoftheatbackorexplodingthepneumatically

pressuredback-support?Aswithmostoftoday'sproducts,theonlythingwereallyknowabout

caratsisthat,giventhecorrectincentive,that,you—andyour

ergonomicallyinspiredintuition—arecompletelyonyourown.(分数:6.00)

(1).Accordingtothepassage,theauthor'sattitudetoergonomicsis________.(分数:2.00)

ensive

d

ionate√

t

解析:解析:态度题。第二段倒数第二句指出,就作者个人而言,很喜欢这个词(人类工程学)所传达的理

念。可见,作者对“ergonomics”这个理念很赞赏,故[C]“喜爱的”为正确答案。[A]、[B]与作者的态度

不符,故排除;作者只是说喜欢“ergonomics”这个理念,并未表现出过多的热情,故排除[D]。

(2).Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat________.(分数:2.00)

micsisnothingbutanillusion

losophyofergonomicsisnotpracticedfaithfully√

ingmachineiscarefullydesignedintoadesirableshape

terlikesasmblingpartsofarowingmachine

解析:解析:推断题。第三段中作者以购买一台划船练习机的经历为例来说明在现实中商家是如何执行人

体工程学的理念的:划船练习机的组装指南模糊地暗示,组装该机器比建造一座核反应堆简单不了多少……

这个产品设计中唯一令人信服的人类工程学理念就是外包装厚纸板容器的形状了。可见,作者认为在现实

生活中人体工程学理念没有得到很好的贯彻执行,故[B]为答案。作者并没有对“ergonomics”表现出彻底

的失望,不能说该理念是一种幻想,故排除[A];虽然该段提到外包装的形状体现了人体工程学理念,但并

未提及划船练习机经过精心设计,故排除[C];该段没有提到作者喜欢组装零部件,故排除[D]。

(3).Whatdisturbsthewriteraboutvideo-recorders?(分数:2.00)

eeasilydamaged.

fficulttooperatethem.

ryfornoobviousreasons.√

ecomplex.

解析:解析:细节题。第四段提到作者对盒式磁带录像机的不满……就像雪花一样,没有两台是一样的。

虽然其功能几乎大同小异——播放、即时录制、稍后录制——但实际设计却和轮盘赌一样不稳定,不可预

测。一旦你将手册指南丢了或忘记把它放哪了,录像机就只不过是一个数字座钟。可见,作者认为“录像

机各不相同是毫无道理的”,故[C]为答案。作者没有提到录像机容易坏,故排除[A];录像机难于操作、

结构复杂都不是作者抱怨的原因,故排除[B]和[D]。

Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindispro读书笔记格式 ne,nosuperhumangeniusisrequired.

Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,notfromallerror,atterisone

thatcanbettledbyobrvation,tlecouldhaveavoided

themistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmen,bythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.

otdosobecauhethoughtheknew.

Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon'tisafatalmistake,towhichweareallprone.I

believemylfthathedgehogatblackbeetles,becauIhavebeentoldthattheydo;butif

Iwerewritingabookonthehabitsofhedgehogs,IshouldnotcommitmylfuntilIhaden

tle,however,tandmedieval

authorsknewallaboutunicornsandsalamanders;notoneofthemthoughtitnecessarytoavoid

tters,however,are

,likemostofmankind,youhavepassionate

convictionsonmanysuchmatters,therearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourlfawareofyour

inioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthatyouare

onemaintainsthat

twoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisontheequator,youfeelpityratherthananger,unless

youknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.

Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeither

utionisudintheology,notinarithmetic,becauinarithmeticthereisknowledge,

everyoufindyourlfgettingangryabouta

differenceofopinion,beonyourguard;youwillprobablyfind,onexamination,thatyourbelief

ayofriddingyourlfofcertainkindsof

dogmatismi

Iwasyoung,Ilivedmuchoutsidemyowncountry—inFrance,Germany,Italy,andtheUnitedStates.

Ifouannot

travel,ekoutpeoplewithwhomyoudisagree,andreadanewspaperbelongingtoapartythat

eopleandthenewspaperemmad,perver,andwicked,remindyourlf

opinionbothpartiesmayberight,buttheycannotbothbewrong.

whohaveenoughpsychological

imagination,

hasoneadvantage,andonlyone,ascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisone

advantaa

Gandhideploredrailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoundothewholeof

neverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholds

thisopinion,becauinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantagesofmoderntechnique

ouwanttomakesurethatyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinion,youwillfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhi

ometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindas

aresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue,and,shortofthis,Ihavefrequentlyfoundmylf

growinglessdogmaticandcocksurethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypothetical

nandwomen,ninetimes

outoften,sabundant

reaman,youcanpointoutthatmostpoetsandmenofscience

aremale;ifyouareawomen,ll,whatever

partoftheworldwecomefrom,

thateachnationhasitscharacteristicmeritsanddemerits,weadjustourstandardofvalues

soastomakeoutthatthemeritspossdbyournationarethereallyimportantones,while

,again,therationalmanwilladmitthatthequestion

redifficulttodealwiththe

lf-esteemofmanasman,

onlywayIknowofdealingwiththisgeneralhumanconceitistoremindourlvesthatmanis

abriefepisodeinthelifeofasmallplanetinalittlecorneroftheuniver,andthatfor

aughtweknow,otherpartsofthecosmosmaycontainbeingsassuperiortoourlvesasweare

tojellyfish.(分数:6.00)

(1).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?(分数:2.00)

tleputforwardsometheorieswhichwerenotbadonobrvation.

horhadenhedgehogsbeforehewroteabookaboutthem.

lativelysafetomakesomesubjectivestatementsaboutunicorn.√

tandmedievalauthorswereuncertainoftheirknowledgeaboutunicorn.

解析:解析:推断题。由第二段末句指出,古代和中古时代的著作家说起独角兽和火蛇时头头是道,没有

一个人认为因为他们本人从未见过它们,就有必要避免一些武断的说辞。由此可知,因为没有人见过独角

兽,那么无论人们对它如何进行主观判断都无法证明其正确与否,所以相对安全,故答案为[C],同时排除

[D];文中没有提到亚里士多德提出一些凭空想出来的理论,故排除[A];第二段倒数第三句提到作者正在

写一本有关刺猬生活习性的书,但是使用了虚拟语气,显然他并没有写这样一本书,故排除[B]。

(2).Whenonegetsangryatcontraryopinions,chancesarethat________.(分数:2.00)

obablybeingdogmaticabouthisownopinion√

areholdingsomethingagainsthim

lingshavebeenhurt

heorhisopponentisright

解析:解析:推断题。第三段第二、三句指出,如果你像大多数人一样对诸多此类事情有颇为确信的主张,

也有一些办法可以帮你意识到自己的偏见。如果一条与你自己意见相反的观点就能使你生气,这就意味着

你在下意识中察觉到自己的看法没有充分的理由。由此可以推出,如果一个人对不同意见生气的话,最有

可能的是他有了偏见,即固执己见,故[A]为答案。

(3).TheauthorsuggeststhatMahatmaGandhicouldwellrveasanimaginaryspeakerifyouwant

to________.(分数:2.00)

theprevailingopinionabouttechnology

syourregretoverthebuildingofrailways

yourmind

industrialrevolution√

解析:解析:推断题。第五段第三句指出,甘地强烈反对铁路、轮船和机械化,他更想废除整个工业革命。

由该段前两句可知,如果一个人把甘地当作假象的辩论对手,那么他就要持有与甘地不同的观点:即支持

工业革命,故[D]为答案,同时排除[B];由该段倒数第二句可知,如果你想证实这种流行观点的正确性,

那么通过想象甘地如何驳斥现代技术的好处来检验你的论据是不错的办法。这里是对甘地进行驳斥,故排

除[A];由该段末句可知,有时进行这样虚拟对话的结果是作者自己改变了想法……这是进行想象辩论的结

果,不是目的,排故除[C]。

NBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONSInthisctionthereareeightshort-answerquestionsbad

eachquestioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovided.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

eOne

(分数:2.00)

______________________________________________________中国梦我的梦 ____________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Itaskedwomentobeobedient.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“religion”可定位至第三段。该段第二句指出,在圣.保罗的书信中和《圣经》

有大量的内容支持家长制,支持妻子服从于丈夫,但也有些文本阐述了一种完全不同的政治观点,宣称妇

女精神上的平等:“人没有犹太人和希腊人之分,没有束缚或自由之分,没有男女之分,因为在耶稣基督

面前,你们都是一样的”。题目问宗教对女性的要求,故本题答案为Itaskedwomentobeobedient。

eTwo

(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Square,iZettleandMoniti.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“innovativefirms”可定位到第五段。根据该段第一句可知,该段的主题是

支付卡网络公司参股了许多技术创新型企业,接下来的第二、三句分别举例说明支付卡公司是如何参股技

术创新型企业的,维萨拥有Square公司和Moniti公司的部分股权,说明维萨属于支付卡公司,而Square

和Moniti是技术创新型企业;通过第四句可知,iZettle公司与Square公司性质类似,也为技术创新

型企业。因此答案为Square,iZettleandMoniti。

PassageThree(分数:6.00)

(1).Whatisthecriterionofergonomicsasthemanufacturersasrt?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Withthehumanurinmind.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“ergonomics”定位至第二段。该段第一句提到,制造商们把人体工程学定义

为“系统在开发过程中对用户的考虑程度”。由此可见,按照制造商所宣称的,人体工程学的准则就是“将

用户放在心上”,故答案为Withthehumanurinmind。

(2).Inthewriter'sopinion,whatproblemaffectsmicrowaveovens?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Mostursdonotunderstandhowtheywork.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“microwaveovens”定位到第五段。该段第二、三句提到了微波炉的问题:那

些“低档”“中档”和“高档”的设置到底暗示着什么?你能找到这样一个接收过微波传输对食物分子影

响的训练,可以正确地——或者凭直觉——便可以选择出最佳设置的消费者吗?可见,作者认为大多数消费

者都不了解如何正确使用微波炉,因此本题答案可以总结为Mostursdonotunderstandhowtheywork。

(3).Whyarethecontrolsofamoderncarcriticized?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Becautheyaredifficulttoidentify.)

解析:解析:根据题干关键词“moderncar”可定位到第六段。该段三至五句提到,你找到按钮、拧开引

擎盖或发动机罩花了多长时间?你……而同时不变动座椅靠背的角度或触发气动压力的背部支撑吗?可见,

作者批判的是汽车商生产汽车时没有贯彻人体工程学的理念,驾驶人不知哪个按钮控制车辆的哪一部分,

即现代汽车的各种控制部件不易辨认,故答案为Becautheyaredifficulttoidentify。

PassageFour(分数:6.00)

(1).Whatcantheex仰泳 perienceoftravelingabroadhelpus?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Avoidingbeingunreasonablyobstinateaboutourbiadopinion.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“travellingabroad”定位到第四段。该段首句指出,抛弃固执己见的一个好

办法是注意与你处于不同社交圈中的人的意见。接着作者以自己为例进行说明:我年轻时,多数情况下都住在国外,如法国、德国、意大利和美国。我发现这对消除狭隘的偏见很有好处。可见,到国外旅行,接

触不同文化的人有助于人们消除偏见,故答案为Avoidingbeingunreasonablyobstinateaboutourbiad

opinion。

(2).Whyisanimaginaryargumentbetterthananactualconversation?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Becauitcanoccuratanytimeandanyplace.)

解析:解析:由题干关键词“imaginaryargument”定位到原文第五段。该段前两句指出,对于那些想象

力丰富的人来说,想象与一个持不同观点的人争论是个好办法。与实际的辩论相比,这样做的唯一好处是

不受时间和空间的限制。故本题答案为Becauitcanoccuratanytimeandanyplace。

(3).Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?(分数:2.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案:(正确答案:Thewaystoavoidsillyerrors.)

解析:解析:作者在开篇第一句中就明确指出要避免各种荒谬的想法不需要超人的天分,只需要遵循几项

简单的准则即可,在随后的各段中作者依次介绍了他认为行之有效的方法,因此本文主要介绍避免可笑错

误的方法,故本题答案为Thewaystoavoidsillyerrors。


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