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Unit3ConrvationLesson1TheSixthExtinction
教学目标与核心素养:
知识目标:Studentscanlearnsomenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclau.
能力目标:Studentscanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthepassage.
情感目标:Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.
教学重难点
教学重点:Howtolearnthenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclau.
教学难点:Howtomakestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofthepassage.
课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔
教学过程:
一、Pre-reading
ng
g-in
ACTIVATEANDSHARE
教师活动:
(1)教师活动,引导学生完成练习。
Howmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Chootheoptionbadonyourknowledge.
1HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?han10times.
2AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemasxtinctionknownasthe"GreatDying"?
aLessthan10%.bNearly50%.cMorethan90%.
3Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcauthenextmasxtinction?wnreasons.
Askforvolunteerstosharetheiranswers,encouragethemt琵琶教程 ogivereasonstotheiranswers.
二、While-readingREADANDEXPLORE
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1.学生活动:阅读文章,回答问题。
eckyouranswersinActivity1.(Answers:b,c,a)
What'sthetextmainlyabout?
(Thetextisaboutextinctionanditffectonourplanet.)
2.学生活动:阅读文章,完成练习。
lkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.
(Answers:
1Meaningofextinction:entirespeciesarewipedout
2Thenumberofextinctionsoccurredsofar:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlived
3Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconquences:thethirdmasxtinction,killed90%
to96%ofallspecies;thefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,caudthedeathofthedinosaurs
4Mainreasonsthatcauextinctions:volcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarth
fromspace,changesinalevels,thedecreaofoxygencontentofthea,globalwarming
5Howtoavoidthesixthmasxtinction:changethewaywelive,includingttingup
specialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;changehowweworkandtravel
byusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy;improveourfarmingmethods)
3.学生活动:阅读文章,回答下列问题。thequestions.
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欢迎阅读本文档,希望本文档能对您有所帮助!1Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?
(Thestudyfoundthathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcaus,that
is,the"backgroundextinctionrate".Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.)
2Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmasxtinctionwillcome?
(BecauhumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.)
3Whydoesthewriterbelievewe'llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth'sspeciesdieout?
(Becauourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.)
4Whatdidpeopledointhecastudytoprotectblackrobi李逵人物简介 ns?Whichclaim(s)didthecastudysupportinthetext?
(PeopleprotectedOldBlue'ggs,hel黄豆怎么种 pedthemtohatch,andtookcareofthechicks.
Peoplearerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingpestslikemiceandcatsfromtheislands
estudyshowedthatevenindesperatesituations,wecando
t,it'snevertoolate.)
三、After-reading
1.学生活动:ndshare.
1Udifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefour
ndout
(1)whattypicallanguageisud?
(2)Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?
(3)Whatisitscommunicativepurpo?
factsopinions/predictions
reasonssolutions(SuggestedAnswers:
1.(1)Facts:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedareextinct;the“GreatDying",
whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies;humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.
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Reasons:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingand
overfishingarecausingspeciestodieout;withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreatheandwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.
Opinions/predictions:manyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth'ssixthmass
extinction;scientistsbelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.
Solutions:weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingttingupspecial
areaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;weneedtochangehowweworkandtravel…;
wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethods…(2)Thispieceo男人自慰 fwritingisanexposition.
(3)Itspurpoistoexplainwhatthesixthextinctionisanditffectsandcallonpeopletotakeactiontopreventitfromhappening.)
ysofargumentdoesthewriterutoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?
Whyorwhynot?(SuggestedAnswers:
Thewriteruswayssuchascitingideasfromexpertsorauthorities,givingexamples
vethatifwetakeactionnowitisnottoolatetosaveother
ckrobinwassavedfromextinctionwhenonlyfivebirds
remained,solthinkitispossibletosaveanyspeciesifweactrightnow.)
2.学生活动:完成练习。
hentencesinthespaceprovided.
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(Answers:endangeredanimals,entirespecies,naturalresources,signi中考作文素材 ficantchange,
masxtinction,solarenergy)
3.学生活动:完成练习。
Completetheparagraphaboutextinctionsusingthecorrectformofthephrasbelow
dieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeout
takestepstakeactionstuptakecareof
Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemasxtinctioneventsonEarth.
Inthethirdevent,which1______________the"GreatDying",90%to96%ofallspecies
2______________.Ofcour,adays,human
activity3______________alltypesofspeciesthatwe4______________
needto5______________ld6______________
tosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,and7______________specialareasto8
______________thembeforethenextextinctioncomesthatmay9______________theentire
species.(Answers:
1isknow美颜汤 nas2diedout3hasaffected4dependon5takeaction6takesteps7tup8takecareof9wipeout)
四、FOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSES
entencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclaus(initalics)referto.
1Extinctions,
whereentirespeciesarewipedout,
arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.
2Theincludethethirdmasxtinction,knownasthe"GreatDying",whichkilled90%
to96%ofallspecies.
3A2015studybyscientistswhowerebadatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityin
4Ifasixthmasxtinctionoccurs,scientists
whohavestudiedtheissue
believethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.
5Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingttingupspecialareas
whereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.
Whichoftheclausabove:
(1)giveinformationtoidentifythepersons/objects.(___________)
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(2)giveextrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout.(___________)(Answers:
1Referstoextinctions2Referstothe"GreatDying"3Referstoscientists
4Referstoscientists5Referstospecialareas(1)definingclau(2)non-definingclau)
inetherelativeclausinthentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)
ornon-defining(ND).sthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclaus.
()1Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.
()2The写真摄影 buswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.()3Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.
()4Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.
()5Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.(Answers:
1D2D3ND4ND5ND)
EXPRESSYOURSELF
学生活动:GroupWork
Ch
relativeclauswhereappropriate.
语法:定语从句
在句中充当定语修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定
语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
对比两句:
Thisisthehouwhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
Thehou,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
限制性定语
从句
是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句
和从句之间不用逗号隔开
引导词:关系代词和关系副词,做宾语时
一些关系代词可以省略
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非限制性定
语从句
是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有
这一从句不影响主句意思完整。一
般用逗号把主句和从句分开
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代
词,也可以是短语或句子。
ThenhemetMary,whoin钙片的作用 vitedhimtoaparty.
后来他遇到了玛丽,玛丽邀请他参加晚会。(who指代Mary)Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.
他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指代逗号前的整个主句)
1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系代词
who
whom
who
that
which
as
关系副词
when
wherewhy
2.关系代词的用法
(1)只能用that引导定语从句的情况:
①当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当
先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。如:
Thereemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
对他来说,世界上似乎没有什么不可能的事情。
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
先行词
时间
地点
原因
作用
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
备注
相当于“介词+which”
相当于“介词+which”
相当于“for+which”
先行词
人
人
人、物
人、物
物、句子
人、物、句子
作用
主语
宾语
定语
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
as做宾语时一般不省略
备注
关系代词whom,which,
that在从句中做宾语时常
可以省略,但在介词后不能
省略。
引导词:who,whom,who,which,when,
where等,不用一般that,不能省略
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ThefirstAmericanmoviethatIwatchedwasTitanic.
我看的第一部美国电影是《泰坦尼克号》。
③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:
ThisisthebestmuumthatIhavevisitedallmylife.
这是我这辈子参观过的最棒的博物馆。
④当先行词被thevery,theonly,thefirst/last等修饰时。如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
她是唯一理解我的人。
⑤当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:
WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?
王先生住的是哪一个房间?
⑥当先行词既指人又指物时。如:
Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.
瞧瞧那个正在街上走的人和他的驴子。
(2)只能用which引导定语从句的情况:
①关系代词前有介词时只能用which。如:
Thisistheroominwhichshelived.
这是她住过的房间。
②在非限制性定语从句中,关系词指物时只能用which。如:
HewillmakeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulscenicspots.
他将到苏州去旅行,那里因其美丽的景点而闻名。
③先行词本身是that时只能用which。如:
Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
时钟显示时间。
(3)用as引导定语从句的情况:
①在限制性定语从句中,当先行词被thesame,such,as修饰时,定语从句用as引导。如:
Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.
类似这样经常被提及的问题应该得到解祝福老人的祝福语 决。
HewouldliketouthesamepenasIudyesterday.
他想用我昨天用过的同一支笔。
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Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.
要求读多少书我就读多少书。
②在非限制性定语从句中,as和which都可以用于指代整个主句。
区别在于:as引导时意为“正如”,可位于句首或句中;而which引导时意为“这一点;这件事”,
只能位于句中。
as构成的固定表达:
asisknowntoall
asweallknow
asisoftentheca
asixpected
asisoftensaid
asisreported
asishopedasisstresd
(4)定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法:
做介词的宾语的关系代词一般是which和whom。
“介词+which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
常见的有以下几种结构:
①介词+关系代词
MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.
=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice.
曼德拉是我向其征求建议的一位黑人律师。
Istillrememberthedayonwhichw动画图片可爱卡通 ehadabigparty.
我仍然记得我们举行一场盛大聚会的那一天。
注意:
介词的选择与先行词或者从句的谓语动词有关。把先行词放到从句里写出一个完整的句子,然后
再将先行词换成对应的关系代词。
固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词的前面。如:
Heisthemanthat/whomyourmothertookcareoflastmonth.
他是你母亲上个月照顾的那个人。
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②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.
=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.
上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其中3本是英文小说。
③形容词最高级+介词+关系代词。如:
Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。
(5)定语从句中who的用法:
①who既可以指人,又可指物,在定语从句中做定语,表示“……人的;……物的”。如:
Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.
窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。
②who指物时可用ofwhich代替,但语序不同,即
“who+名词”相当于“the+名词+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+名词”。如:Theclassroomwhodoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
门坏了的那间教室将很快得到修缮。
3.关系副词的用法
当先行词是表时间、地点、方式或原因等的词,且从句缺状语时,从句用关系副词引导。关系副
词有时可转化为“介词+关系代词”。如:
Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.
这里是我们度过童年的地方。
注意:
(1)当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时,只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导;
否则,用关系代词引导。如:
He'llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmotherpasdaway.
他会永远记住他的奶奶去世的那一天。
Iwillalwaysrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.
我会永远记住我们在乡下一起度过的那一天。
Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.
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这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。
Thisisthefactorythat/whichtheyshowedusaroundlastyear.
这是去年他们领我们参观的工厂。
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatethismorning.
这是他今天早上迟到的原因。
Thisisthereasonthat/whichmayexplainhisabnce.
这是可以解释他缺席的理由。
(2)先行词为point,situation,ca,stage,position,degree等表抽象的地点和情况的名词
时,其后常用where引导定语从句,where在定语从句中做地点状语。而occasion作“时机”
讲时用when引导;作“场合”讲时用where引导。如:
Today,wewilldiscussanumberofcaswhereEnglishbeginnersfailtouthelanguageproperly.
今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者使用语言不当的例子。
Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelbecauofillhealth.
我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。
(3)先行词是theway(方式、方法),且引导词在定语从句中做状语时可以用inwhich或that
引导从句,也可以省略引导词。如:
Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.
他解释这个句子的方式并不难懂。
练习:
tingroomiscrowdedwithchildren___________havepooreyesight,alloftheminterestedinpainting.
sapassionatedance,___________bringsthedancerstogetherinawaythatwordscan'texpress.
3.I'mtakingsomeweight-losspills,___________helargestmap___________Ihadeveren.
ghadalotoffriends,noneof___________couldlendhimanymoney.
6.___________wasannouncedinthenewspaper,ourcountrywon51goldmedalsinthe29thOlympicGames.
astheveryhotel___________wasrecommendedtoyou?
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hangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory___________eanyoneinyourclass___________familyisinthecountry?
verforgetthedays___________weworkedtogetherandthetime___________
wespenttogether.(Answers:
/
;that/which)
四、Summary
重点词汇:blame,occur,survival,dieout,dependon,atrisk
重点句型:关系副词where引导的定语从句;关系副词when引导的定语从句;关系代词which引
导的定语从句;“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;关系副词why引导的定语从句;含蓄虚拟
条件句
重点语法:定语从句
五、Homework
Writeashortpassagetoexpresssolutionsforenvironmentalproblems.
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