conrvation

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2023年4月12日发(作者:thinking of you)

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Unit3ConrvationLesson1TheSixthExtinction

教学目标与核心素养:

知识目标:Studentscanlearnsomenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclau.

能力目标:Studentscanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthepassage.

情感目标:Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.

教学重难点

教学重点:Howtolearnthenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclau.

教学难点:Howtomakestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofthepassage.

课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔

教学过程:

一、Pre-reading

ng

g-in

ACTIVATEANDSHARE

教师活动:

(1)教师活动,引导学生完成练习。

Howmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Chootheoptionbadonyourknowledge.

1HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?han10times.

2AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemasxtinctionknownasthe"GreatDying"?

aLessthan10%.bNearly50%.cMorethan90%.

3Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcauthenextmasxtinction?wnreasons.

Askforvolunteerstosharetheiranswers,encouragethemt琵琶教程 ogivereasonstotheiranswers.

二、While-readingREADANDEXPLORE

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1.学生活动:阅读文章,回答问题。

eckyouranswersinActivity1.(Answers:b,c,a)

What'sthetextmainlyabout?

(Thetextisaboutextinctionanditffectonourplanet.)

2.学生活动:阅读文章,完成练习。

lkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.

(Answers:

1Meaningofextinction:entirespeciesarewipedout

2Thenumberofextinctionsoccurredsofar:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlived

3Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconquences:thethirdmasxtinction,killed90%

to96%ofallspecies;thefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,caudthedeathofthedinosaurs

4Mainreasonsthatcauextinctions:volcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarth

fromspace,changesinalevels,thedecreaofoxygencontentofthea,globalwarming

5Howtoavoidthesixthmasxtinction:changethewaywelive,includingttingup

specialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;changehowweworkandtravel

byusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy;improveourfarmingmethods)

3.学生活动:阅读文章,回答下列问题。thequestions.

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欢迎阅读本文档,希望本文档能对您有所帮助!1Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?

(Thestudyfoundthathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcaus,that

is,the"backgroundextinctionrate".Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.)

2Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmasxtinctionwillcome?

(BecauhumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.)

3Whydoesthewriterbelievewe'llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth'sspeciesdieout?

(Becauourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.)

4Whatdidpeopledointhecastudytoprotectblackrobi李逵人物简介 ns?Whichclaim(s)didthecastudysupportinthetext?

(PeopleprotectedOldBlue'ggs,hel黄豆怎么种 pedthemtohatch,andtookcareofthechicks.

Peoplearerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingpestslikemiceandcatsfromtheislands

estudyshowedthatevenindesperatesituations,wecando

t,it'snevertoolate.)

三、After-reading

1.学生活动:ndshare.

1Udifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefour

ndout

(1)whattypicallanguageisud?

(2)Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?

(3)Whatisitscommunicativepurpo?

factsopinions/predictions

reasonssolutions(SuggestedAnswers:

1.(1)Facts:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedareextinct;the“GreatDying",

whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies;humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.

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Reasons:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingand

overfishingarecausingspeciestodieout;withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreatheandwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.

Opinions/predictions:manyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth'ssixthmass

extinction;scientistsbelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.

Solutions:weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingttingupspecial

areaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;weneedtochangehowweworkandtravel…;

wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethods…(2)Thispieceo男人自慰 fwritingisanexposition.

(3)Itspurpoistoexplainwhatthesixthextinctionisanditffectsandcallonpeopletotakeactiontopreventitfromhappening.)

ysofargumentdoesthewriterutoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?

Whyorwhynot?(SuggestedAnswers:

Thewriteruswayssuchascitingideasfromexpertsorauthorities,givingexamples

vethatifwetakeactionnowitisnottoolatetosaveother

ckrobinwassavedfromextinctionwhenonlyfivebirds

remained,solthinkitispossibletosaveanyspeciesifweactrightnow.)

2.学生活动:完成练习。

hentencesinthespaceprovided.

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(Answers:endangeredanimals,entirespecies,naturalresources,signi中考作文素材 ficantchange,

masxtinction,solarenergy)

3.学生活动:完成练习。

Completetheparagraphaboutextinctionsusingthecorrectformofthephrasbelow

dieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeout

takestepstakeactionstuptakecareof

Inthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemasxtinctioneventsonEarth.

Inthethirdevent,which1______________the"GreatDying",90%to96%ofallspecies

2______________.Ofcour,adays,human

activity3______________alltypesofspeciesthatwe4______________

needto5______________ld6______________

tosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,and7______________specialareasto8

______________thembeforethenextextinctioncomesthatmay9______________theentire

species.(Answers:

1isknow美颜汤 nas2diedout3hasaffected4dependon5takeaction6takesteps7tup8takecareof9wipeout)

四、FOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSES

entencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclaus(initalics)referto.

1Extinctions,

whereentirespeciesarewipedout,

arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.

2Theincludethethirdmasxtinction,knownasthe"GreatDying",whichkilled90%

to96%ofallspecies.

3A2015studybyscientistswhowerebadatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityin

4Ifasixthmasxtinctionoccurs,scientists

whohavestudiedtheissue

believethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.

5Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingttingupspecialareas

whereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.

Whichoftheclausabove:

(1)giveinformationtoidentifythepersons/objects.(___________)

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(2)giveextrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout.(___________)(Answers:

1Referstoextinctions2Referstothe"GreatDying"3Referstoscientists

4Referstoscientists5Referstospecialareas(1)definingclau(2)non-definingclau)

inetherelativeclausinthentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)

ornon-defining(ND).sthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclaus.

()1Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.

()2The写真摄影 buswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.()3Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.

()4Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.

()5Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.(Answers:

1D2D3ND4ND5ND)

EXPRESSYOURSELF

学生活动:GroupWork

Ch

relativeclauswhereappropriate.

语法:定语从句

在句中充当定语修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定

语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句可分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

对比两句:

Thisisthehouwhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

Thehou,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。

限制性定语

从句

是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句

和从句之间不用逗号隔开

引导词:关系代词和关系副词,做宾语时

一些关系代词可以省略

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非限制性定

语从句

是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有

这一从句不影响主句意思完整。一

般用逗号把主句和从句分开

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代

词,也可以是短语或句子。

ThenhemetMary,whoin钙片的作用 vitedhimtoaparty.

后来他遇到了玛丽,玛丽邀请他参加晚会。(who指代Mary)Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.

他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指代逗号前的整个主句)

1.定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。

关系代词

who

whom

who

that

which

as

关系副词

when

wherewhy

2.关系代词的用法

(1)只能用that引导定语从句的情况:

①当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当

先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。如:

Thereemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

对他来说,世界上似乎没有什么不可能的事情。

②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:

先行词

时间

地点

原因

作用

时间状语

地点状语

原因状语

备注

相当于“介词+which”

相当于“介词+which”

相当于“for+which”

先行词

人、物

人、物

物、句子

人、物、句子

作用

主语

宾语

定语

主语、宾语

主语、宾语

主语、宾语

as做宾语时一般不省略

备注

关系代词whom,which,

that在从句中做宾语时常

可以省略,但在介词后不能

省略。

引导词:who,whom,who,which,when,

where等,不用一般that,不能省略

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ThefirstAmericanmoviethatIwatchedwasTitanic.

我看的第一部美国电影是《泰坦尼克号》。

③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:

ThisisthebestmuumthatIhavevisitedallmylife.

这是我这辈子参观过的最棒的博物馆。

④当先行词被thevery,theonly,thefirst/last等修饰时。如:

Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.

她是唯一理解我的人。

⑤当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:

WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?

王先生住的是哪一个房间?

⑥当先行词既指人又指物时。如:

Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.

瞧瞧那个正在街上走的人和他的驴子。

(2)只能用which引导定语从句的情况:

①关系代词前有介词时只能用which。如:

Thisistheroominwhichshelived.

这是她住过的房间。

②在非限制性定语从句中,关系词指物时只能用which。如:

HewillmakeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulscenicspots.

他将到苏州去旅行,那里因其美丽的景点而闻名。

③先行词本身是that时只能用which。如:

Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.

时钟显示时间。

(3)用as引导定语从句的情况:

①在限制性定语从句中,当先行词被thesame,such,as修饰时,定语从句用as引导。如:

Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.

类似这样经常被提及的问题应该得到解祝福老人的祝福语 决。

HewouldliketouthesamepenasIudyesterday.

他想用我昨天用过的同一支笔。

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Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.

要求读多少书我就读多少书。

②在非限制性定语从句中,as和which都可以用于指代整个主句。

区别在于:as引导时意为“正如”,可位于句首或句中;而which引导时意为“这一点;这件事”,

只能位于句中。

as构成的固定表达:

asisknowntoall

asweallknow

asisoftentheca

asixpected

asisoftensaid

asisreported

asishopedasisstresd

(4)定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的用法:

做介词的宾语的关系代词一般是which和whom。

“介词+which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。

常见的有以下几种结构:

①介词+关系代词

MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.

=MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice.

曼德拉是我向其征求建议的一位黑人律师。

Istillrememberthedayonwhichw动画图片可爱卡通 ehadabigparty.

我仍然记得我们举行一场盛大聚会的那一天。

注意:

介词的选择与先行词或者从句的谓语动词有关。把先行词放到从句里写出一个完整的句子,然后

再将先行词换成对应的关系代词。

固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词的前面。如:

Heisthemanthat/whomyourmothertookcareoflastmonth.

他是你母亲上个月照顾的那个人。

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②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词

LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.

=LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.

上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其中3本是英文小说。

③形容词最高级+介词+关系代词。如:

Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.

中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。

(5)定语从句中who的用法:

①who既可以指人,又可指物,在定语从句中做定语,表示“……人的;……物的”。如:

Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.

窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。

②who指物时可用ofwhich代替,但语序不同,即

“who+名词”相当于“the+名词+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+名词”。如:Theclassroomwhodoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

门坏了的那间教室将很快得到修缮。

3.关系副词的用法

当先行词是表时间、地点、方式或原因等的词,且从句缺状语时,从句用关系副词引导。关系副

词有时可转化为“介词+关系代词”。如:

Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.

这里是我们度过童年的地方。

注意:

(1)当先行词是表时间、地点、方式、原因等的词时,只有在从句缺状语时才用关系副词引导;

否则,用关系代词引导。如:

He'llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmotherpasdaway.

他会永远记住他的奶奶去世的那一天。

Iwillalwaysrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.

我会永远记住我们在乡下一起度过的那一天。

Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

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这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。

Thisisthefactorythat/whichtheyshowedusaroundlastyear.

这是去年他们领我们参观的工厂。

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatethismorning.

这是他今天早上迟到的原因。

Thisisthereasonthat/whichmayexplainhisabnce.

这是可以解释他缺席的理由。

(2)先行词为point,situation,ca,stage,position,degree等表抽象的地点和情况的名词

时,其后常用where引导定语从句,where在定语从句中做地点状语。而occasion作“时机”

讲时用when引导;作“场合”讲时用where引导。如:

Today,wewilldiscussanumberofcaswhereEnglishbeginnersfailtouthelanguageproperly.

今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者使用语言不当的例子。

Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelbecauofillhealth.

我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。

(3)先行词是theway(方式、方法),且引导词在定语从句中做状语时可以用inwhich或that

引导从句,也可以省略引导词。如:

Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

他解释这个句子的方式并不难懂。

练习:

tingroomiscrowdedwithchildren___________havepooreyesight,alloftheminterestedinpainting.

sapassionatedance,___________bringsthedancerstogetherinawaythatwordscan'texpress.

3.I'mtakingsomeweight-losspills,___________helargestmap___________Ihadeveren.

ghadalotoffriends,noneof___________couldlendhimanymoney.

6.___________wasannouncedinthenewspaper,ourcountrywon51goldmedalsinthe29thOlympicGames.

astheveryhotel___________wasrecommendedtoyou?

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hangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory___________eanyoneinyourclass___________familyisinthecountry?

verforgetthedays___________weworkedtogetherandthetime___________

wespenttogether.(Answers:

/

;that/which)

四、Summary

重点词汇:blame,occur,survival,dieout,dependon,atrisk

重点句型:关系副词where引导的定语从句;关系副词when引导的定语从句;关系代词which引

导的定语从句;“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;关系副词why引导的定语从句;含蓄虚拟

条件句

重点语法:定语从句

五、Homework

Writeashortpassagetoexpresssolutionsforenvironmentalproblems.

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图片英文-according是什么意思


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