disdain

Unit10TheIdiocyofUrbanLife

1.

civil

:a.

(1)

礼貌的

[OPP]uncivil

nerwascivil,thoughnotparticularlyfriendly.

He‟dbeencarefultobeciviltoeveryone.

ThelesstimeIhavetospendbeingciviltohimthebetter!

(2)

公民的

ights:basicrightsthatallpeopleinasocietyshouldhave

civilaviation:民用航空aviationrelatingtoordinarypeopleratherthanmilitaryforces

(3)oforoccurringwithinthestateorbetweenoram写秋雨的作文 ongcitizensofthestate

ar:内战warbet喜欢一个人的诗句 weengroupsinacountry

civilrvant/rvice文职公务员/文职人员

Derivations:

romabarbarictoacivilizedstate

swillhelptocivilizethewildtribesthere.

civillyad.谦恭地,礼貌地

etedhimcivillybutwithnosignofaffection.

2.

echo

:v.回音,附和,模仿

(1)[vi.]ifasoundechoes,youhearitagainbecauitwasmadenearsomethingsu吃什么补营养最快 chasawall

orhill

ndofanengineechoesbackfromthethickforest.

从茂密的森里里传来引擎的回声。

Herfootstepchoedintheemptyroom.

Collocations:echo+through/round

dheareerienoichoingthroughthecorridors.

他可以听见恐怖的噪音在走廊里回荡。

Thegunshotechoedthroughtheforest.

(2)[vi.]ifaplaceechoes,itisfilledwithsoundsthatarerepeatedoraresimilartoeachother

Collocation:echo+with

eetechoedwiththecriesofchildren.

(3)[vt.]torepeatanideaoropinionbecauyouagreewithit

iclesimplyechoedtheNRA‟sargumentsagainstguncontrol.

(NRA=NationalRifleAssociation)

turningforestsintolies:doingpropagandawork;printingliesonpaper

3.

crui

:v.巡航,漫游,乘船游览

(1)[vi.&vt.]totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,iday/vacation

crui+ad./uiddowntheNile.

crui+ttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.

TheywillbegoingcruisingtheGreekislandsnextweek.

aneveningspentcruisingtheRiverSeine

1

在塞纳河上巡游的一个夜晚

(2)[vi.]crui+ad./prep.(ofacar,plane,etc.)totravelatasteadyspeed

aircraftcruisingat4000feet

acruisingspeedof50milesanhour

crui:n.[C]

ajourneybya,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation

4.

inhabitant

:n.居民

apersonorananimalthatlivesinaparticularplace

estinhabitantofthevillage

atownof11,000inhabitants

Derivations:

inhabiteda.有人居住的withpeopleoranimalslivingthere[OPP]uninhabited

andisnolongerinhabited.

Thebuildingisnowinhabitedbybirds.

Thecottagehadnotbeeninhabitedforawhile.

aluxurycruiship

inhabitsth.居住于…(formal)toliveinaparticularplace

therarespeciesthatinhabitthearea

habitat:栖息地[C&U]theplacewhereaparticulartypeofanimalorplantisnormallyfound

da‟snaturalhabitatisthebambooforest.

Themarshesprovidearichhabitatforwaterplants.

thedestructionofwildlifehabitat

HereflectedonwhatastrangeworldStephenandVeronicainhabited.

habitation:n.居住,住所

(1)[U]theactoflivinginaplace

okedaroundforanysignsofhabitation.

Thehouswereunfitforhumanhabitation(=notcleanorsafeenoughforpeopletolivein).

(2)[C](formal)ap育儿知识 lacewherepeoplelive

drvesthescatteredhabitationalongthecoast.

habitant:ommonwordfor„inhabitant‟

habitable:可居住的,适宜居住的leforpeopletolivein[OPP]uninhabitable

shouldbehabitablebythenewyear.

habitability:n.可居住性



sleek

:a.光滑的,圆滑的,打扮高贵的,优美豪华的(sleeker,sleekest)

(1)(approving)smoothandshiny[SYN]glossy

lackhair乌黑光滑的头发

thesleekdarkheadofaal

2

(2)(approving)havinganelegantsmoothshapeandbeingexpensive

yacht一艘豪华游艇

thesleeklinesofthenewcar新款汽车的优美外型

(3)(oftendisapproving)(ofaperson)lookingrich,anddresdinelegantandexpensive

clothes

andambitiouspolitician



well-groomed

:梳洗整洁的,被小心照料的a.(ofaperson)lookingclean,neatand

carefullydresd;withcarefullytendedhair,clothes,etc.



reign

:v.统治,支配.n.君主在位期

(1)[vi.]toruleasking,queen,emperor,etc

gningmonarch

QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837to1901.

reignoversb./sth.统治,支配HerodreignedoverPalestineatthattime.

(2)[vi.](~oversb/sth)tobethebestormostimportantinaparticularsituationorareaof

skill

gningchampion

5.

urbane

:a.(especiallyofaman)温文尔雅的，彬彬有礼的

cribeshimasurbaneandcharming.她把他描述为温文尔雅、富有魅力。

Neilwasurbane,witty,directandhonest.尼尔温文尔雅，幽默机智，坦率诚实。Derivations:

urbanely:ad.文雅地

urba插花课 nity:n.[U]谦恭,文雅,都市风格/e’baeniti/

urban:a.都市的,城市的

urbanize:v.使城市化

urbanization:n.城市化

urbanized:a.城市化的

urbanite:nwholivesinatownorcity都市人/’ebennait/



insomniac

:n.&a.失眠的,引起失眠的,失眠患者

(1)[n.]notsleep

iacsdonotsleepbecautheyworryaboutit,andtheyworryaboutitbecau

theydonotsleep.

(2)[a.]experiencingoraccompaniedbysleeplessness

iacoldpeople

insomniacnights:sleeplessnight

3

sleekbusinessmen

Inthefieldofclassicalmusic,hestillreignssupreme.



ratrace

:fiercecompetitionamongpeople激烈的竞争

ywanttogetoutoftheratrace.

我真的想要远离这种你争我夺的生活。

Theylongedtoescapefromtheratraceandmovetothecountryside.

他们渴望能够摆脱无情的竞争搬到乡下去。

6.

congregate

:togetherinagroup聚拢,聚集,收集

eopleoftencongregateinthemainsquareintheevenings.

CrowdsbegantocongregatetohearthePresident‟sspeech.

人群开始聚拢来聆听总统的演讲。

VisitorscongregatedonSundayafternoonstoviewpublicexhibitions.

游客们周日下午聚集起来观看公开展览。

Derivations:

congregation

:n.人群,教堂会众[C+singularorpluralverb]

congregational

:a.会众的,集合的,公理教会的

Congregationalism:n.公理会

Congregationalist:n.公理会之教友

7.

gregarious

:a.爱社交的,群居的

(1)

likingtobewithotherpeople[SYN]sociable

uchagregariousandoutgoingperson.

她就是这样一个爱社交而且外向的人。

(2)(biology)(ofanimalsorbirds)livingingroups

eareverygregariousbirds.雪雁是种群居的鸟类。

Derivations:

gregariousness

:n.[U]群集性,合群度

gregariously

:ad.

8.

lunacy

:n.[U]精神失常,愚行

asituationorbehav茹苦含辛 iorthatiscompletelycrazy[SYN]madness

dbesheerlunacytoturndownajobofferlikethat.

Derivation:

lunatic:

(1)n.[C]someonewhobehavesinacrazyorverystupidway–oftenudhumorously

telisrunbyalunatic!

(2)a.[onlybeforenoun]

cbehavior

exurb:n.

[美国英语]城市远郊富裕阶层(或家庭)的住宅区，城市远郊

rururb:n.

anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflife

4

9.

disdain

:v.&n.蔑视(formal)

(1)[vt.]thinkonelfsuperiorto;reject;havenorespectforsomeoneorsomething,

becauyouthinktheyarenotimportantorgoodenough

ermusiciansdisdainthenew,rock-influencedmusic.

Childcarewanaswomen‟swork,andmendisdainedit.

(2)torefutodosomethingbecauyouaretooproudtodoit

disdainedtoreply.

Ournewneighbormtobedisdainingtospeaktous.

Collocations:

disdaintodosth不屑做…

withdisdain

鄙夷地

chedmewithdisdain.

alookofcompletedisdain

disdainfor

对…的蔑视

dainforcapitalismDerivations:

disdainful

:a.鄙视的,蔑视的

disdainfully:

ad.

Collocation:disdainfulof

sorwhoaredisdainfulofpopularentertainment



simulation

:模拟,仿真,赝品n.[C&U]

tiontest模拟考试

acomputersimulationudtotrainairlinepilots

Iwasquitedeceivedbyhersimulationofsorrow.

Collocation

:simulationof

ationofarainforestenvironment

Derivations

:

simulate

vt.模拟,假装(formal)

nethatsimulatesconditionsinspace

Interviewscanbesimulatedintheclassroom.

Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenudtosimulatewood.

ditimpossibletosimulategrief.

AnnesimulatedpleasureateingSimon,butreallyshewishedhehadn‟tcome.

simulated

:l,butmadetolook,sound,orfeelreal

atednuclearexplosion

Shelookedatthereportwithsimulatedinterest.

simulator

:n.模拟器[C]amachinethatisudfortrainingpeoplebylettingthemfeel

whatrealconditionsarelike,forexampleinaplane模拟器

tsimulator

5

10.

prim

:a.

(1)拘谨的；呆板的veryformalandcarefulinthewayyouspeakandbehaveandeasily

shockedbyanythingrude

uchtooprimandpropertogointoapub.

Shelookedprimandnervousinherbesthatandcoat.

(2)整洁的primclothesareneatandformal

uit

Derivation

:

primly:ad.

preten:借口,假装(ce)n.[singular,U]

(1)awayofbehavingwhichisintendedtomakepeoplebelievesomethingthatisnottrue

Collocations:pretenthat

tenthattheoldsystemcouldbemadetoworkpretenof/at(being/doing)sth

natriousness

Tollittmadenopretenofbeingsurprid.

Howlongareyougoingtokeepupthepretenofbeingill?

underthepretenof(doing)sth以…为托词

itedforherunderthepretenoftyinghisshoelaces.

n/giveup/dropapreten

ninganypretenatpoliteness,theyranforthedoor.

under/onfalpretens:withouttellingthetruthaboutyourlforyourintentions以

虚假的借口，以欺骗手段

ughtmehereunderfalpretens!



bosky

:a.有丛林的;矮林丛生的

(literary)containingorconsistingofbushesorthickets

wood

11.

quaintly

:ad.离奇有趣地,古雅别致地

quaint

:a.(quainter,quaintest)古色古香的,离奇有趣的unusualandattractive,especiallyinanold-fashionedway

tlittlevillageinYorkshire约克郡一个古色古香的小村庄

asmall,quainttownwithnarrowstreetsandtraditionalhalf-timberedhous

一座古朴的小镇，有着狭窄的街道和传统的半木制房屋

12.

solitude

:n.[U]孤独,寂寞,幽静处

whenyouarealone,especiallywhenthisiswhatyouenjoy–lonelinessinsolitude

itudeofherhouonthelake

6

13.

pampering

:a.&n.

pamper

:vt.纵容,溺爱[SYN]spoil

ntherchildhoodasthepampereddaughterofawealthyfamily.

pamperyourlf放纵自己

yourlfwithastayinoneofourluxuryhotels.



hardwareanddrygoodsstores

:

Ahardwarestore(AmE)isashopllingtoolsandequipmentthatareudinthehouand

gardens.

Drygoodsstore(AmE)llsclothes,thread,andotherthings.



boutique

:n.[C]

asmallshopthatllsfashionableclothesorotherobjects



unix

:a.

intendedfor海乙那 bothmenandwomen

xhairdressingsalon

14.

frenzy

:狂怒,狂暴n.(es)

(1)[U&C]

nkilledtenpeopleinamurderousfrenzytodayinthatcity.

Theaudienceworkedthemlvesupintoafrenzyastheywaitedforthesingertocomeonstage.

frenzyof

yofreligiousfeeling

inafrenzy

enwerescreamingandinafrenzytogethome.

(2)[C]atimewhenpeopledoalotofthingsveryquicklyfrenzyof

yofactivity

allingfrenzy



scandal

:n.

(1)usapublicfeelingofoutrageorindignation

isterwasforcedtoresignafterascandalinvolvinghimandanotherminister‟s

wife.

Theiraffaircreatedascandalintheoffice.

(2)maliciousgossip流言蜚语

emusthavebeenspreadingscandal.

Derivations:

scandalous

不体面的,可耻的offentomoralnsibilitiesandinjurioustoreputation

candalouswifebeater.

他是个殴打妻子的可耻之徒。

scandalously

ad.过分地,令人惊愕的

7

15.

grievous

:a.痛苦的,严重的,充满悲伤的(formal)

ousshortageofhospitalbeds

Derivations:

grievously

:rievouslyhurtbytheirbetrayal.

grieve

:vt.&vi.

grievesb

.使某人伤心grieveover/for…为…悲伤

grieved

:a.(literary)(at)verysadandupt

orgeVhadbeenverygrievedattheoutbreakoftheGreatWar.

grief:n.

(1)[U]extremesadness,especiallybecausomeoneyoulovehasdied

griefover/at

efshefeltoverHelen‟ief

swasovercomewithgrief.

(2)[C]sththatmakesyoufeelextremelysad

hangeinourlivesbringswithitgriefs.[LDOCE5]

(3)cometogrief:tofail,ortobeharmedordestroyedinanaccident

ateswhocometogriefinexams

knowledgeof不认识,不了解

knowledge

:n.[U]

(1)theinformation,skills,andunderstandingthatyouhavegainedthroughlearningor

experienceknowledgeof

dgeabout

dtoincreaknowledgeaboutbirthcontrol

(2)whenyouknowaboutaparticularsituationorevent,ortheinformationyouhaveaboutit

eniedallknowledgeoftherobbery.

IhadnoknowledgeofthiswhatsoeveruntilTheTimescontactedme.

to(thebestof)one’sknowledge(=udtosaythatsomeonemaynotknowthetruefacts)

estofmyknowledge,thenewprojectwillbestartinginJune.

Toourknowledge,thisisthefirsttimeit‟shappened.

„Isittruethatshe‟sleavingthecompany?‟

„Nottomyknowledge(=Idon‟tthinksso).‟

Derivations:

know:v.

knowledgeable:a.博学的,有学识的

knowledgeably:ad.

8

:a.(formal)难闻的

havingastrongbadsmell

[SYN]stinking

ckfetidwaterofthelake

y:a.细长的,纤弱的

longandthininawaythatlooksweak

ylegs

19.

reel

:vi.蹒跚,晕眩,旋转

(1)tobeconfudorshockedbyasituation

‟sbrainwasreeling,buthedidhisbesttoappearcalm.

thedog‟sfetidbreath

realfrom受…的不好影响,因…蹒跚

tyisstillreelingfromitsrecentelectiondefeat.

(2)(alsoreelback)tostepbackwardssuddenlyandalmostfallover,especiallyafterbeing

hitorgettingashock

eeledbackinamazement.

Theforceofthepunchnthimreelingagainstthewall.

Shehithimsohardthathereeledacrosstheroom.

(3)[always+ad./prep.]towalkinanunsteadywayandalmostfallover,asifyouaredrunk

eledawayfromthebarandknockedoverhisstool.

round-shoulderedpeople:

round-shouldered

:a.

someonewhoisround-shoulderedhasshouldersthatarebentforwardsorslopedownwards

,alwaysreferredtoandcalledJosyDummy,wasatall,thin,round-shouldered

youth.



precondition

:n.[C]先决条件,前提

ditionof/for

fireisapreconditionfortalks.

Oneofthemostobviouspreconditionsforeconomicgrowthisastablegovernment.

Forexample,theexperimentalstyleofpsychologyisveryoftentreatedasapreconditionofeffectivetheorizing.

Ourstudygrowsoutofthisbodyoftheoryaboutthecharacteristicsandpreconditionsofthecultureofdemocracy.

Fortoolong,JohnMajorandhisgovernmenthadudthepreconditionstofrustratethepeaceprocess.

Thepresidenthasdemandedthattherebelsturnintheirweaponsasapreconditiontoanytalks.

19.

exertion

:n.[U&C]努力,发挥,运用

9

(1)alotofphysicalormentaleffort

ernoon‟xertionshadleftusfeelingexhausted.

mentalexertion

(2)theuofpower,influenceetctomakesthhappen

rtionofauthority

Derivation:

exert

:v.

(1)touyourpower,influence,rtomakesthhappen

ertedconsiderableinfluencewithintheschool.

Environmentalgroupsareexertingpressureonthegovernmenttotightenpollution

laws.肉末炸酱面

(2)

exertyourlftodo:toworkveryhardandualotofphysicalormentalenergy

xertedhimlftirelesslyonbehalfofthecharity.



posture

:n.姿态,态度,情形

(1)[U&C]thewayyoupositionyourbodywhensittingorstanding

good/bad,e

sturecanleadtomuscularproblems.

heruprightposture

(2)[singular]thewayyoubehaveorthinkinaparticularsituation

posturetowards

stoadoptadefensiveposturetowardsnewideas.

:v.&n.大幅下跌,猛然瘫坐,使倒下

vi.

(1)tofallorleanagainststhbecauyouarenotstrongenoughtostand

slumpagainst/over/backetc

mpedagainstthewall.

Carolslumpedbackinherchair,defeated.

Benstaggeredandslumpedontothefloor.

(2)tosuddenlygodowninprice,value,ornumber[OPP]soar

Salesslumpedby20%o

rencyslumpedtoarecordlow历史最低点.

(3)(alsobeslumped)ifyourshouldersorheadslumporareslumped,theybendforward

becauyouareunhappy,tired,orunconscious

uldersslumpedandhereyesfilledwithtears.

n.[ar]

(1)asuddendecreainprices,sales,profittc

slumpin

incarsales

(2)aperiodwhenthereisareductioninbusinessandmanypeoplelotheirjobs

10

[OPP]boom

wasfollowedbyaneconomicslump.

aworldwideslump

(3)[]aperiodwhenaplayerorteamdoesnotplaywell

gershavebeeninaslumpforthelastthreeweeks.

21.

scurry

:小步疾走,急赶v.&n.

vi.[always+ad./prep.]tomovequicklywithshortsteps,eyouareinahurry

werescurryingofftowork.

Weallscurriedforshelterwhenthestormbegan.

Hisaidesscurriedabout,murmuringtoeachotherinRussian.

Busyboatschugandscurryabouttheriver.

n.[singular]

22.

insolence

:傲慢,无礼n.[U]

olencegreatlydispleadthejudge.

Petersweptin,withhisdignityandinsolence.

彼得神气十足，目空一切、大模大样地走了进来。

Derivations:

insolent:a.

lenttoneofvoice

Youinsolentchild!

insolently:ad.

VocabularyExercis

rivation

.→idiocyn.→idiotica.

①戴安娜突然意识到自己是个多么彻头彻尾的傻瓜啊。

Dianasuddenlyrealizedwhatanabsoluteidiotshehadbeen.

②我简直不能相信他会作出如此愚蠢的选择。

Icouldn‟tbelievehisidiocyinthechoice.

③不要旱半夏种植技术 再问白痴的问题了！

Stopaskingidioticquestions!

.→urbanea.→urbanityn.

①城市环境质量评价

urbanenvironmentalqualityasssment

②由此一种温文尔雅、充满智慧的知识分子艺术发展起来。

Thusanurbane,witty,andintellectualartdeveloped.

③女主人招待客人进餐时得体而又风雅。

Thehostesspresidedattablewithtactandurbanity.

den.→solitarya.

11

①我热爱安静的独处。Ilovetranquilsolitude.

②她非常喜欢独自吃的那顿饭。

Shethoroughlyenjoyedhersolitarydinner.

.→exertionn.

①尽你最大的努力！

Exertyourlftotheutmost!

②尽量避免过度消耗体力。

Trytoavoidphysicalexertion.

nta.→insolencen.

①目空一切的人无朋友。

Theinsolenthavenofriends.

②你怎能忍受这样的侮慢呢？

Howcanyousuffersuchinsolence?

v.→griefn.→grievousa.

①错失良机，悔之晚矣。

Itistoolatetogrievewhenthechanceispast.

②悲伤本身就是一剂药Griefisitlfamedicine.

③亨利遭受到一次痛苦的打击。

Henrysufferedagrievousblow.

n.→lunatica.

①这样的天气还开车，真是疯了！

It‟ssheerlunacydrivinginsuchweather！

②她被关在精神病医院里。

Sheisconfinedinalunaticasylum.

tn.→habitantn.→habitationn.

①科学家在鸟类的自然栖息地观察并研究它们。

Scientistswatchandstudybirdsintheirnaturalhabitat.

②花可以影响居住者的健康。

Flowerscanaffectthehealthofhabitants.

③没有人居住的痕迹。

Therearenosignsofhumanhabitation.

m/Antonym

12

tonsofawordprocessorneedevenlesffort,asyoucantellfromthepostureof

thowhouthem.

Synonym:bearing,stance

eofthecityiscivil.

Antonym:impolite,rude,ill-mannered

htthinkthathumanbeingscongregateinlargecitiesbecautheyaregregarious.

Synonym:friendly,social,sociable

ifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.

Antonym:modestly,timidly,gently

aresimplythatinsomemonthsthereisairconditioning,andinothersthroughthe

sameventscomefetidcentralheating.

Synonym:smelly,stinking,foul,malodorous

noftherhythmsoftheasonsistobehadfromalawninthebackyardanda

fewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.

Synonym:thin,lanky

ningrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.

Antonym:accept,respect

Yorkintellectualsandartistsquaintlysaytheyare“goingtothecountry”forthe

weekendorthesummer.

Synonym:strangely

13

TextIIStuckintheMiddle

ament(para.2):n.困境

thy(para.3):n.憎恶,反感,不相容

e(para.3):v.(在日期上)早于

(para.3):n.污秽;污秽书刊,图片

iousness(para.3):n.放肆,无法无天

sion(para.3):n.颠覆,破坏

al(para.3):a.田园的,宁静的,田园牧歌式的

inent(para.4):a.鲁莽的,无礼的

y(para.4):n.愚行,纨绔习气

ion(para.4):n.转向,转移,临时绕行

y(para.5):n.密度

ism(para.6):n.独裁,专制政府

st(para.8):a.明白的,显然的

sion(para.8):n.散步,分散,弥散

ority(para.9):n.自卑,低劣

(para.11):rsb.照料

ize(para.12):v.给予补助金或奖金

ge(para.12):n.抵押贷款,按揭

y(para.14):n.津贴,补助金

te(para.15):a.荒凉孤寂的

14