能告诉我下面几个英语口语中缩读词的读法？也就是等号后面的该发什么音？如果不能用音标表示的话就用发音相近的汉语拼音或汉字代替好了，谢谢！
did you have a = d'jyava
he would have = he'd've
What have you = What'cha
what do you - or - what are you = whatchu
问题补充：
乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲这些缩读形式是我从一个外国网站上看到的，也不知道准不准确。各位的回答还是让我搞不大明白到底发什么音，唉！要是能用音标表示就好了。
d'jyava
DI JIA HA VA he'd've
HE DAVE(这个A功夫熊猫2经典台词的读音是A在闭音节里的发音)
What'cha
WHA CHA U
whatchu
WHA 秋
英语常见缩读
(2009-05-31 12:16:10)
转载▼
A.缩读
Standard Common contraction Example Note
and ’n Do you know Nancy ‘n David.
are ’r My classmates ‘r on vacation.
Are you Ya Ya going to school?
Where ya going?
becau ’cau(*)/coz I don’t like her ‘cau
she is too proud.
can C’n I c’n be there in an hour.
come c’m C’m over to our hou
around 10：00.
could could’a You could’a hurt yourlf!
have
could not couldn’a He couldn’a done it.
have
does she dushi Dushi speak English?
don’t know dunno(*) I dunno where you live.
for
fer
He works fer his father.
give me
gimme(*)
Gimme that.
going to
spud gonna(*)
Gonnu
I’m gonna give him a prent.
I’m gonnu invite her to the party.
goodbye
G’bye
I’ll talk to you tomorrow. G’bye!
got to
gotta(*)
gottu(*)
I gotta give him a prent.
I gottu invite her to my birthday party.
had better
better
You better start off right now.
have to
hafta
I hafta go home immediately.
he
’e
Who is ’e?
he/she has
he/she’as
He’as a hou at the beach.
her
’er
This is’er book.
him
’im
I like ‘im very much.
his
’is
What is ‘is name?
This does not apply if his begins a ntence.
how did you
how ’dya/How ‘dja
myfriend How ‘dya/How ‘dja make that?
how do you
how’ dy ’a
How ‘dy ‘a do it?
how does
how’s
How’s she feel today?
in front of
in fronna
He parked in fronna the garden.
-
ing
-in(*)
I’m goin’ to the store.
you got meis that
izat
Izat your new car?
of
a or o’(*)
He’s sorta strange.
It’s made o’gold.
old
ol(*)
There’s the ol’ hou.
or
’r
Do you like ice cream’r candy?
out of
outta(*)
(pronounced: oudda)
Get outta the class at once!
probably
prob’ly(*)
He’ll prob’ly come for dinner.
should not have
shouldn’a
You shouldn’a leave so soon.
some
S’m
I want s’m apples.
sure
sher
Sher, I like chocolate!
A
them
’m/’em(*)
I like’m/I like’em.
to
ta
I don’t know what ta do now.
want to
wanna(*)
wannu
I wanna go outside.
I wanna eat something.
I wannu avoid the subject.
what are you
Wachya or wacha
Wachya/Wacha doin?
what does
what’s(*)
What’s her do for a living?
what is the
what’s a
What’s a matter?
ALSO：Wassa matta?(*)
would not have
wudn’a
I wudn’a done that if I were you.
why did you
Whyd’ya or whydja
Why’dya/ why’dja tell him to leave?
why do you
why’dy’a
Why’dy’a work so hard?
中高口听力四类常见缩写
(2009-05-31 12:18:17)
转载▼
董事长年会致辞
1、拿掉所有元音
Eg. market--------mkt
standard------std
message------msg
receive-------rcv
2、保留开头几个字母
Eg. Information-----info
Insurance------Ins
Exchange-----exch
Individual-----indiv
3、保留开头和结尾
建筑业发票Eg. Week-----wk
Need----- nd
google en
Meet------mt
Room-----rm
4、根据发音
Eg. Are-------r
Though---tho
Through---thru
下面是关于美语口语与听力当中一些基础知识的总结：
一、语音
外国人说英语与中国人说汉语运气的方式与位置不一样。外国人说英语很有力道，气一般都提起来了，大致在胸腔附近。而中国人说汉语则很少提气，把气一般都放在腹腔以下，所以感觉外国人说话声音相对很饱满，有种用“美声”说话的感觉，而中国人则不然。这点是大家在说英语时应特别感受和注意的。
1.易混音：
[i:]——[i] 长音发得不够长，短音发得不够短。如：ship sheep;shit sheet
[æ]——[e] 嘴形大小不到位。如：pat pet;bad bed
[e]——[ai]；[ɔ][ɔ:]——[au] 单元音发得不够短，双元音发得不够饱满。如：press price;smell smile;sauce south
[iә]——[eә] 容易发音不清楚，将其区别弱化或忽略。如：really rarely;beer bear
[w]——[v] 嘴形不到位。如：wave; vovel; very well
[r]——[ʒ] 容易与汉语拼音混淆。如：garage;mirror;measure
[s]——[q]；[z]——[ð] 注意舌头的具体位置，多加练习。
建议：大家在语音练习过程当中尽量将音标发得饱满和夸张，这样在真正用英语进行对话的时候不会由于紧张导致说出的英语含混不清，让人听不懂。
2.发音规律：
butcher什么意思1）听力中的元音[æ]。试比较bar和bath的区别。Bar中由于有“r”因 而有卷舌音，读成[ar],bath中“a”在“th”前（在f、n、s之前也有这种用法），通常读作[æ]。许多人在发音的时候经常由于嘴形做不大而导致发音不标准，说出来的英语也不尽人意。很明显，[a:]在美音中常演变成[ar]、[æ]两个音。
例：[ar]: far dark march hard mark start park
[æ]: last fast master glass class can’t
2) 听力中的元音长短问题。试比较beach和bitch的区别。前者中[i:]和后者中的[i]是很多人经常读错的，除此之外还有[u:]和[u]的区别， 如说“我吃饱了”：“I’m full”,别不小心读成了“I’m fool”(我是个蠢货)。
例： sheet shit；leave live；at sit；leap lip；pull pool
3) 音标[ɔ]在语音中的变化。试比较court和caught的发音。二者的音标均为[kimplementedɔ:t],而在口语中前者的“our”常读作[ɔr:],而后者中 的“au”则读作[ɔa:]，即在发[ɔ]音时向[a]过度。
例： [ɔr:]: door more foor nor
[ɔa:]: bought all ball dawn（与down区别）
4) 元音[ʌ]在口语中的变化。通常在口语中有“O”字母发[ɔ]的单词常被发作[ʌ]音。
