（MetroEnglish-113-Art-Guernica-ByPicasso
永远用英语怎么说
Art - Guernica - By Picasso
Guernica is a large oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed in June 1937. Now in the Muo Reina Sofía in Madrid, the gray, black, and white painting was done at Picasso's home in Paris. It is regarded by many art critics as one of the most moving and powerful anti-war paintings in history and is one of Picasso's best-known works. 《格尔尼卡》是西班牙艺术家毕加索于1937年6月完成的一幅大型油画，现在收藏于马德里的索菲亚雷纳博物馆，这幅灰色、黑色和白色的油画是在毕加索在巴黎的家中完成的。它被许多艺术评论家们视为历史上最感人、最强大的反战绘画之一，是毕加索最著名的作品之一。
Standing at 3.49 meters (11 ft 5 in) tall and 7.76 meters (25 ft 6 in) wide, the painting shows the suffering of people and animals wrenched by violence and chaos. Prominent in the composition are a gored hor, a bull, screaming women, dismemberment, and flames. 这幅画高3.49米（11英尺5英寸），宽7.76米（25英尺6英寸），展示了被暴力和混乱折磨的人
和动物的痛苦。在这幅作品中，最突出的是一匹被戳中的马、一头公牛、尖叫的女人、残肢和火焰。
The painting was created in respon to the bombing of Guernica, a Basque Country town in northern Spain, by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy at the request of the Spanish Nationalists. Upon completion, Guernica was exhibited at the Spanish display at the 1937 Paris International Exposition and then at other venues around the world. The touring exhibition was ud to rai funds for Spanish war relief. The painting became famous and widely acclaimed, and it helped bring worldwide attention to the Spanish Civil War. 这幅画是应邀、为了反对西班牙民族主义者的要求、纳粹德国和法西斯意大利对西班牙北部巴斯克乡村小镇格尔尼卡的轰炸而创作的。完成后，格尔尼卡在1937年巴黎国际博览会的西班牙展馆里展出，然后在世界各地的其他场馆展出。这次巡回展览是为了筹集西班牙战争救济的资金而举办的。这幅油画名扬四海，广受赞誉，并使得全世界开始关注西班牙内战。view
You already know Pablo Picasso’s 1937 painting Guernica is among his most revered wo
rks, but do you know how and why he created the anti-war masterpiece? 你已经知道巴勃罗·毕加索1937年的油画《格尔尼卡》是他最受尊敬的作品之一，但你知道他是如何以及为什么创作这部反战杰作的吗？
四级考试时间几个小时
1. GUERNICA WAS A COMMISSIONED PAINTING. 格尔尼卡是一幅委托创作的画。
As the 1937 World’s Fair approached, members of Spain’s democratic government wanted the Spanish pavilion at Paris’ International Exposition Dedicated to Art and Technology to feature a mural that would expo the atrocities of Generalissimo Francisco Franco and his allies. Naturally, the organizers t their sights on one of Spain’s most celebrated painters, Pablo Picasso, who had first gained recognition in the 1910s with his adoption of cubist artistic expression. 随着1937年世界博览会的临近，西班牙民主政府的成员希望在巴黎国际艺术和技术博览会上的西班牙馆以一幅壁画为特色，揭露弗朗西斯科·弗兰科将军及其盟友的暴行。当然，这些组织者将目光投向了西班牙最著名的画家之一，巴勃罗·毕加索，他在1910年代采用立体派的艺术表现方式而首次获得认可。环球
暴风雨的记忆
2. PICASSO HADN’T BEEN TO SPAIN IN OVER THREE YEARS. 毕加索三年多没有去过西班牙。
Picasso didn’t have to go far to work on a piece for the Paris exhibition—he had lived in France since 1904. An expat who was vocal about his opposition to the militant autocracy of his home country, Picasso crafted the tribute to the war-torn Spanish city without having t foot within the nation’s borders since 1934. He would never return to Spain. 毕加索从1904年起就一直生活在法国，他不必为巴黎展览会的一件作品付出太多的努力。毕加索是一位外国人，他曾公开表示反对他祖国的激进独裁统治，他自1934年以来一直没有踏足西班牙国土，但是却精心创作了这幅作品向这座饱受战争蹂躏的西班牙城市致敬。他再也不会回西班牙了。
3. FRANCO’S FORCES BLAMED THE BOMBING DEPICTED IN THE PAINTING ON THEIR RIVALS. 佛朗哥的军队把这幅画里描述的爆炸事件归咎于他们的对手。
Picasso’s painting depicts the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937. Franco’s German and Italian allies in the Spanish Civil War carpet-bombed Guernica, a st
ronghold of Republican opposition to Franco’s Nationalists, for hours. Casualty estimates vary from 200 to 1000 deaths. To make matters wor, Franco and his allies blamed the horrific attack on Republican forces. 毕加索的画描绘了1937年4月26日对巴斯克古尔尼卡镇的轰炸。佛朗哥的德国和意大利盟友在西班牙内战中地毯式轰炸了游击队，游击队是共和党反对佛朗哥民族主义者的据点，持续数小时。伤亡估计从200人到1000人不等。更糟的是，佛朗哥和他的盟友将恐怖袭击归咎于共和党军队。launch
出国留学费用一览表4. AN ARTICLE IN THE TIMES INSPIRED PICASSO. 《泰晤士报》的一篇文章启发了毕加索。
Picasso didn’t witness the Guernica atrocities firsthand, but he was deeply moved by a report of the event written by South African-British journalist George Steer for The Times. The article, titled, “The Tragedy of Guernica: A Town Destroyed in Air Attack: Eye-Witness’s Account,” was attributed in print to “Our Special Correspondent.” 毕加索没有亲眼目睹格尔尼卡的暴行，但南非英国记者乔治·斯蒂尔为《泰晤士报》撰写的一篇报道深深地打动了他。这篇题为以我们的特派记者名义被印刷的叫做《格尔尼卡的悲剧：空袭中被毁的小镇：目击者的叙述》的文章。
5. HE BEGAN WORKING ON THE PAINTING AT THE LAST MINUTE. 他在最后一刻才开始创作这幅画的。
民办大学和公办大学有什么区别Picasso was so affected by Steer’s Guernica story that he scrapped all pending plans to devote himlf to the pavilion mural. The artist began work on what would be one of his earliest politically inclined pieces on May 1, 1937, approximately three weeks before the scheduled launch of the exhibit. Guernica was not completed until early June, about two weeks after the pavilion opened. 毕加索被斯蒂尔的格尔尼卡故事深深地打动了，他放下了所有其他的事情，专心投入于展馆壁画的创作。这位艺术家于1937年5月1日开始创作他最早的政治倾向作品之一，大约在预定的展览开始前三周。格尔尼卡直到6月初才完工，大约在展馆开放两周后。
6. PICASSO SIMULTANEOUSLY PUT TOGETHER ANOTHER CRITIQUE OF FRANCO. 毕加索同时对佛朗哥提出了又一次批评。
The fact that Picasso cranked out what is now known as one of the most famous paintings of the 20th century in just over a month is impressive enough in its own right, bu
t Guernica wasn’t even the sole focus of the artist’s attention during this time. In January 1937, Picasso had published a t of etching and aquatint prints, collectively titled The Dream and Lie of Franco. On June 7 of the same year, around the same time that he delivered Guernica to the Spanish pavilion, Picasso added a cond batch of images to The Dream and Lie of Franco. 毕加索在短短一个多月内就完成了现在被称为20世纪最著名的画作之一，这一事实本身就足以令人印象深刻，但在这一时期，格尔尼卡甚至不是画家唯一的关注焦点。1937年1月，毕加索出版了一套版画，合称为《佛朗哥的梦与谎言》。同年6月7日，大约在他把《格尔尼卡》送到西班牙馆的同一时间，毕加索在《佛朗哥的梦和谎言》中添加了第二批图像。romary
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