Not作副词的15种用法
⑴Not可和谓语动词连用,表示否定,前面需有can,may,must,shall,will,do这类助动词：
He 小学六年级语文教学总结cannot come. He will not understand. You should not tell a lie. You must not do that.
They not know. John not saw it.(错误)
They do not know. John did not 北京法语培训e it.(正确)
I know not. Fear not.(陈旧说法)
⑵Not前无需加助动词的情况：
⒈在表示对比时，有些部分中的not前可以不带助动词
He found the country not peaceful, but turbulent.(对比)
They did not find the country peaceful.(不作对比)
He came not on Sunday, but on Monday.(对比)
He did not come on Sunday.(不作对比)
He is attacked not only from outside, but also from inside.
⒉在修饰谓语后的另一动词时,not可直接使用,不带助动词
He came not to borrow.(修饰 to borrow)
比较: He did not寄信人 come to borrow.(not修饰整个谓语)
We gathered not to discuss money matter.
He decided not to say anything.
⒊在not后面跟有a, the least, the slightest等词时,无需加助动词
He lost not a moment.
He said (or answered) not a word.
Not a rat stirred.
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He took not the least notice of your remarks.
He paid not the slightest attention to her.
He had not the smallest doubt.
I uttered not a single syllable.
He paud not once for breath.
The incident mattered not a bit.
He hesitated not a moment(=never hesitated).
There is not a hint (or glimmer) of hope, not a suggestion(or suspicion) of wind, not a flicker of courage, not an ounce of justice.
⑶Not和have,will等助动词可以构成两种否定结构,有时意思不尽相同：
She hasn't done it.(=I deny that she has done it.)
She's not done it.(=I asrt that she has not done it.)
He won't be happy.(=I deny that he will be happy.)
He'll not be happy. (=I asrt that he will not be happy.)
⑷Not可在反意问句中构成附加问句( Tag Question),前面部分为肯定句时,后面才可用否定的附加问句：
You understand,don't you?(助动词+not+代词)
比较: You don' t understand, do you?(前面为否定句时,后面为“助动词+代词”[肯定的附加问句]。)
白发怎么办 Mary will come,won't she?(前面为肯定句,后面为“助动词+not+代词”,这时表示她可能会来。)
Mary won' t come, will she?(前面为否定句,后面为“助动词+代词”，表示她可能不来。)
John can e it. can't he?
John can hardly e it, can he?
⑸有时可用not引起短语,代表整个句子：
“Is he angry?”“Not at all(= He is not at all angry).”
“What is the girl like?"”“Not pretty.”
“Is he happy?”“Nor exactly ( or Not really)”
“Has he arrived?”“Probably not(= He has probably not arrived).”
“Has Lee made any mistake?”“Certainly not英文书信.”
比较:“ Is he angry?”“No."(No也可起同样作用,可以单独使用,not却不能单独使用。)
⑹有时not可代表一个否定的名词从句：
“Is he ill?”“I suppo not(= that he is not ill).”
“Can he come tomorrow?”“I think not(= that he cannot come tomorrow).”
I hope not. I should imagine not. I am afraid not. It ems not.
accompany过去式
比较:“ Is he ill?”“ I suppo so(= that he is ill).”
“Can he come tomorrow?”“I think sobass什么意思(= that he can come tomorrow).”
⑺在否定回答中,not有时放在主语前面：
Are you angry with him?”“Not I.”(= I am not angry with him.)
“Will it rain?""Not it.”
“I think you can do it.”“Not we(or as).”
“Do you love her?”“Not I(or me).”(口语中多用us或me)
⑻否定句有时为了强调加以重复,这时可把not放在主语前面,把其他部分省略：
He will never resign, not he.
John can't marry a widow, not he.
⑼在重复的否定句中,not后面可能跟副词、状语短语或从句：
He will not come, not tomorrow.
He willgeeky never give up gambling, not until his death (or not until he dies).
He did not work, not in the afternoon (or not when he felt tired).
He hardly works, neither at night nor in the daytime.
⑽Not that… 可用来引起两个并列的句子,表示“不是……而是......：
Not that(=It is not true that) he wants to help me,邱政政 but that(=but lt is true that) he needs my help.
Not that I intended to kill anyone, but that I must defend mylf.
⑾Not还可构成一些强调的否定短语：
⒈She is not a bit(or a jot, a whit) silly.
I am not at all ( or in the least) happy.
She is not nearly so pretty as her sister.
He will not for the world accept the bribe.
Greg can not ever(=never)learn.
I cannot believe it for one moment.
Do not on any account get angry.
⒉They do not care a fig(or a straw, a jot, a bean, a button).
He did not regret a tittle (or a rush).
She did not worry a bit( or a scrap, a pin).
The child did not flinch a hair.
This medicine does not cure my son a doit(or a farthing).
