Lesson 38
calendar
历法，⽇历
Up to now,historians have assumed that calendars came into being
迄今为⽌，历史学家⼀直认为⽇历是随农业出现⽽产⽣的，
honbwith the advent of agriculture,
for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the asons.因为当时的⼈们⾯临着了解季节的实际需要。
One u for early astronomy was to create calendars.
早期天⽂学的⽤途之⼀是建⽴历法。
She has the habit of writing the time and place of her appointments on the calendar.她习惯把约会时间、地点写在⽇期上。
historian
历史学家
People have always paid honor to historians,but ignored prophets.
⼈们总是礼敬历史学家，冷落预⾔家。
History repeats itlf,historians repeat each other.
历史重复⾃⼰，历史学家重复彼此。
unique
dcmotor独⼀⽆⼆的
Future historians will be in a unique position
未来的历史学家在书写我们这⼀段历史的时候
when they came to record the history of our own times.
⾯对的将是得天独厚的条件。
There was something unique about the new theories.
这些新理论有独到之处。
The actress imprints her unique personality on all the roles she plays.
这个⼥演员饰演的所有⾓⾊都带着她那独⼀⽆⼆的性格烙印。
steadily
不断地
They will hardly know which facts to lect from the great mass of evidence
他们⼏乎不知道该从现有的材料⾥选取什么，
that steadily accumulates.
何况这些材料还在不断增长。
In silence Mole rowed steadily,
鼹⿏默默地不断划着
and soon they came to a point where the river divided.
很快划到了河流分岔处。
It had been a leaden dawn,and the rain now steadily poured down.
那是⼀个铅灰⾊的黎明，现在⼜开始连绵不断地下起了⼤⾬。
solely
惟⼀地，全然地
What is more,they will no have to rely solely on the written word.
⽽且，他们也不必完全倚赖⽂字材料。
Eventually she went back to her father solely becau there wasno other way.
最后，只是因为实在没有别的办法了，她才回头去找她爸爸。
Peace is not solely a matter of military or technical problem.
和平不仅仅是个军事⼯技术问题。
礼物的英语video
录像
Films,videos,CDs and CD-ROMs
他们获取信息的渠道多得令⼈眼花缭乱，
are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.
电影，录像，光盘和光驱器只是其中的⼏种。
We saw the movie on video.
我们看了影⽚的录像带。
Many families own a video camera today。
今天许多家庭都有摄像机。
CD-ROM
（只读）光盘驱动器
CD-ROM is the shortened form of Comopact Disk-Read Only Memory.
CD-ROM是（只读）光盘驱动器的缩写。
bewilder
令⼈眼花缭乱
As soon as you arrive you will have a bewildering reading list thrust into your hand.
你⼀到就会有⼀张让⼈眼花缭乱的书单塞到你⼿⾥。
Teroro was scared and bewildered.
蒂罗罗害怕得晕头转向了。
deduce
推断，推理
He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
他必须根据现有的⼏条不充分的线索进⾏推理。
He expected to deduce new ideas by mathematical means.
他期望⽤数学⽅法得到新的推论。
Mel deduced there were others within hearing .
梅尔估计有⼈能听得到他们的谈话。
scanty
不⾜的，贫乏的
Barney knew scantiest amount of French and not a syllable of anything el.
巴尼只懂⼀点点法⽂，其他外语⼀个字都不会。
The news today is scanty,but good.
今天的消息不多，不过都是好消息。
clue
线索
I thought there might be clues among all the materials which might take us somewhere.我还以为这些材料⾥有什么线索能让我们有点进展呢。
The statement is an interesting clue to both his temperament and his literary method.他的性情和笔法从这句话⾥可见⼀斑。
insignificant
不重要的
Even emingly insignificant remains
即使看起来微不⾜道的遗留物，
can shed interesting light on the history of early man.
也可能让我们对⼈类早期历史有⼀些新的了解。
Mrs.Morrison was so insignificant that no one had ever noticed what she looked like.莫⾥森太太太卑微了，以⾄于没有⼈注意她长得什么样⼉。
shed
使流出，倾泻
The who shed the most tears are not necessarily the most concerned.
那些眼泪掉得最多的⼈不见得是最关⼼的⼈。
advent
出现，到来，来临
Up to now,historians have assumed
迄今为⽌，历史学家⼀直认为⽇历是随农业的出现⽽产⽣的，
一月到十二月的英文
that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture,
for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the asons.因为当时的⼈们⾯临着了解四时的实际需要。
With the advent of modern methods of communication
由于现代通讯⼿段的出现，
the whole world has been transformed into a single mechanism.
整个世界已经变成了⼀个统⼀的机体。
The u of the term had only become widespread
这个名词是在纪录⽚问世以后
since the advent of the documentary film.
才开始⼴泛使⽤的。
agriculture
农业
For people who relied on agriculture for their living this was a rious matter.
对于以务农为⽣的来说，这是⼀个很严重的问题。
assumption
假定，设想
Recent scientific evidence ems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.
但近期科学研究证明，这种假设有可能是不正确的。
Especially weak are the underlying assumptions of the approach.
这种论证⽅法最薄弱的⼀点是隐含的假定。
This assumption is wrong or greatly exaggerated.
这种假设不是错了，就是太夸张。
dot
⼩圆点
Historians have long been puzzled by dots,lines and symbols
长期以来，历史学家⼀直被雕刻在墙壁上、⾻头上、
which have been engraved on walls,bones,and the ivory tusks of mammoths.
猛犸的象⽛上的点、线和形形⾊⾊的符号感到迷惑不解。
His email address is www dot salamander dot chinaren dot net.
他的电邮地址是www. salamander.chinaren.
symbol
符号
Historians have long been puzzled by dots,lines and symbols
长期以来，历史学家⼀直被雕刻在墙壁上、⾻头上、
which have been engraved on walls,bones,and the ivory tusks of mammoths.
猛犸的象⽛上的点、线和形形⾊⾊的符号感到迷惑不解。
The private car was still a cherished symbol of status.
私家车在当时还是地位的标志。
engrave
雕刻
The shapes and engraved decorations of the pieces
这些东西的外形和雕饰花纹
are typical of medieval Islamic glassware.
都是中世纪伊斯兰的玻璃制品所特有的。
An idiom was engraved at the university gate.
⼤学的校门上刻着⼀馈谚语。
ivory
象⽛制品
Tony cherished the ivory ball his grandpa had given him.
汤尼珍视祖⽗留给他的象⽛球。
It's funny that a girl called Ivory should be living in a street by the name of Elephant.好玩，⼀个叫象⽛的⼥孩住在⼀条叫⼤象的街上。
mammoth
猛犸
Mammoths are extinct elephants with a hairy skin and long tusks,curving upward.猛犸是⼀种灭绝的象，全⾝有长⽑，门齿向上弯曲。
tusk
（象、野猪等的）长⽛，獠⽛、象⽛
The wild boar had its tusk sunk deeply into a tree and howled desperately.
野猪的獠⽛陷在了树⾥，绝望地嗥叫着。
A huge tusk decorated the wall of his study.
他书房的墙上装饰着⼀⽀巨⼤的象⽛。
nomad
游牧民
The nomads who made the markings lived by hunting and fishing
这些标记是游牧民留下的，他们⽣活在从公元前约35000年
during the last Ice Age which began about 35000 B.C.and ended about 10000 B.C.到公元前10000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为⽣。
A nomad is the member of a trible that wanders from place to place.
游牧民是⼀个到处流浪、居⽆定所的部落的成员。
with no fixed home.
His new film is an epic of the nomads.
他新拍的这部电影是游牧民族的⼀部史诗。
correlate
使相互联系
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world,
历史学家⽐较了散布在世界各地的同类标记，
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
终于能够了解读这种难懂的代码了。
Results in the natural sciences ldom em to correlate with tho in art.
⾃然科学的成果似乎很少与艺术发⽣关联。alphabetic
Scentists find it hard to correlate the two ts of figures.
科学家发现很难使⽤使这两组数字发⽣关联。
exclpha
⽉相，天相
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days
他们发现它和昼夜更迭
and the phas of the moon.
⽉亮圆缺有关。
The moon has four major phas:crescent,half moon,gibbous and full moon.⽉亮有四种主要的相：新⽉、半⽉、凸⽉和满⽉。
primitive
原始的
It is,in fact,a primitive type of calendar.
它实际上是⼀种原始⽇历。
The primitive weapons,though crude,are fatal.
这些原始武器虽然简陋，却⾜以致命。
What did the primitive people do for relaxation,or rather,
原始⼈有什么娱乐吗？或者说，
did they have any relaxation at all?
他们有娱乐吗？
depict
描画，描述
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls
⼤家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景
were not simply a form of artistic exprression.
并不是单纯的艺术表现形式。
On the tapestry are depicted some biblical scenes.
挂毯上画着⼀些《圣经》上的场景。
there is no planThe novel depicts the saga of a family.
⼩说描绘了⼀个家族的传奇故事。
Lesson 39
Lesson 39
rough
崎岖不平的
The rough road across the plain soon became so bad
穿越平原的道路⾼低不平，开车⾛了不远，
that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from.
路⾯越发崎岖，我们想让布鲁斯把车开回我们来的那个村⼦。
I was thinking all the way how cool and silent that road was,
我⼀路在想，那条路虽说有点颠，
even if it was a little rough.
可是多阴凉，多清静。
boulder
⼤古块
Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes,
尽管路⾯布满⽯头，坑坑洼洼，
Bruce was not in the least perturbed.
但布鲁斯却⼀点⼉也不慌乱。
A boulder rolled down the slope and narrowly misd the car.
⼀块⽯头从⼭上滚下，险些把车砸坏。
pit
使介坑坑洼洼
They watched the rain pit the a with tiny craters.
他们注视着⾬滴在海上⾯砸出的⼩⽔窝。
The front of his truck was pitted by stones.
他的卡车前部被⽯头迸得坑坑洼洼的。
perturb
使不安
The bad news perturbed her for days.
这个坏消息弄得她好⼏天⼼神不定。
If a little accident like this perturbs your country,
假如这么⼀⼩⼩的意外也惊扰了贵国的话，
what do you say to the hourly fright your army is giving to our people?
那么你们的军队对我国⼈民造成了⽆时不在的恐怖怎么说呢？underestimate
低估
It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties.
这并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难。
The effects of tariffs on import quantities may have been underestimated.
关税对进⼝数量的影响可能被低估了。
You underestimate his endurance,and I his shrewdness.
你低估了他的耐⼒，⽽我低估了他的精明。
swerve
急转
As we bumped over the dusty track,we swerved to avoid large boulders.
我们在尘⼟飞扬的道路上颠簸，车⼦东拐西弯，以便绕开那些⼤圆⽯。
A motor swerved into the lane.
⼀辆摩托车突然拐进了⼩巷。
scoop
挖出，铲出
The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car.
车轮铲起的⽯块砸在车上，发出不祥的撞击声。
She scooped up a spoonful of salt and threw into the pot.
她狠狠地舀了满满⼀勺盐，扔在缺罐⼦⾥。
I heard a low hammering sound in the bedroom.
我听见卧室⾥有低低的锤打声。
心理健康教育的意义
He dashed on to the porch and began to hammer on the door.
2020高考英语试题及答案
他冲进门廊，⽤⼒锤起门来。
ominously
有预兆地，不祥地
The rain was beating ominously on the window.
⾬点敲打着窗户，像有什么不祥之兆似的。
So ominously did the stranger knock at the door
那个陌⽣⼈的敲门声充满了凶兆，
that one could hear the disaster in the air.
好像听听就能听出灾祸似的。
rip
划破，撕，扯gg
We felt sure that sooner or later
我们觉得迟早会飞起⼀个⽯块
a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine.
把油箱砸开⼀个窟窿，或者把发动机砸坏。
The wheelchair ripped a crack in his trours.
轮椅把的裤⼦撕开了⼀条缝。
He ripped open the envelope.
他撕开了信封。
petrol
汽油
I can't stand the smell of petrol and always become dizzy in a car.
我受不了汽油味，每次坐车都觉得头晕。
We filled up the tank with petrol before the journey.
上路前我们给车加满了油。
stretch
⼀⼤⽚（平地或⽔）
What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared,
突然⼤⽯块不见了，前⾯是⼀⽚平地，
giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.惟⼀的障碍是⼀丛丛的灌⽊。我们⼤⼤地松了⼝⽓。
After a long,dry stretch of land,we reached a small lake.
⾛过⼀⽚⼴阔、⼲瘠的⼟地，我们来到⼀个⼩湖边。
The carts are capable of traveling over miles through stretches of dert.
这些马车能够在连绵不断的沙漠⾥⾛上好⼏英⾥。
obstacle
