雅思阅读-练习一
(总分40,考试时间90分钟)
Reading passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are bad on Reading Passage 1 below.
Questions 1-8
exceedReading Passage 1 has eleven marked paragraphs, A-K.
Choo the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-xiii, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i human differences on humor
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cardboard ii social functions of laughter
iii the favorable influence on your brain
iv importance of humor to human
v laughter and human emotion
vi laughter and humor
vii new therapies to human psychological dias
viii improvement of your health
ix rearch on physical health by looking at humor
x connection between laughter and some brain area
xi brain wave respons to outside change
xii requirement of keeping fresh
xiii diversity of brain functions
wastemanagement1. Paragraph Clily英语官网
2. Paragraph D
3. Paragraph E
4. Paragraph F
5. Paragraph G
6. Paragraph H
7. Paragraph I
8. Paragraph J
Human And Humor
Rebecca Roth
A Everybody smiles and laughs at some time or another. The first laughter appears at about 3.5 to 4 months of age before we are able to speak. The average adult laughs 17 times a day. Even monkeys and apes have some facial expressions that are similar to human smiles. But really, why do we laugh?
B Although there is considerable information on the neuronal reprentation of speech, little is known about brain mechanisms of laughter. While many rearchers have tracked the brain mechanisms of depression, fear and anger, they have ignored positive emotions and have just begun to study humor. Their investigations are shedding some light on how the brain process humor and prompts laughter.
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C Take this joke for instance：How many Bryn Mawr college students does it take to change a light bulb? Answer：None, they were all so busy studying that they didn't even notice the light was out. If you found this old joke funny, you will get some activity going on in the brain. Investigations into how humor and laughter influence the brain are leading to a clearer understanding of how positive emotions affect brain mechanisms. This in turn may lead to creative ideas for new therapies for emotion disorders and pain.
D The physiological study of laughter has its own name. "gel otology" . Rearch has shown that laughing is more than just a person's voice and movement. Laughter requires the coordination of many muscles throughout the body. Laughter increas blood pressure sometimes while provides a boost to the immune system. It may be a good way for people to relax becau muscle tension is reduced after laughing. Human tests have found some evidence that humorous videos and tapes can reduce feelings of pain, prevent negative stress reactions and boost the brain's biological battle against infection. More studies are needed in this field to uncover whether humor or some **ponent such as distraction, is the predominant factor in the results.2010国家线
dancehall E Rearchers believe we process humor and laughter through a complex pathway of brain activity. In one new study, rearchers ud imaging equipment to photograph the brain activity of healthy volunteers while they underwent a sidesplitting assignment of reading written jokes, viewing cartoons from The New Yorker magazine as well as The Far Side and listening to digital recordings of laughter. Preliminary results indicate that the humor-processing pathway includes parts of the frontal lobe brain area, important for
cookiejarcognitive processing; the supplementary motor area, important for movement；and the nucleus accumbens, associated with pleasure. Investigations support the notion that parts of the frontal lobe are involved in humor. Subjects' brains were imaged while they listened to jokes. The frontal lobe was activated only when they thought a joke was funny. A study **pared healthy individuals with people who had damage to their frontal lobes, the subjects with the damaged ones were more likely to choo a wrong punch line to written jokes and didn't laugh or smile as much at funny cartoons or jokes.
F Despite that, it is still hard to explain why we don't giggle when we tickle ourlves. Some scientists believe that laughing caud by tickling is a built-in reflex becau even babies do it. If we tickle ourlves in the same spot our friend tickled us. we hardly laugh as we did previously. The information nt to your spinal cord and brain should be exactly the same. Apparently for tickl ing to work, the brain needs tension and surpri. When you tickle yourlf, you know exactly what here is no tension or surpri. How the brain us this information about tension and surpri is still a mystery, but there is some evidence that the cerebellum may be involved. Becau one part of the brain tell
s another： "It's just you. Don't get excited. "
bosco G Damage to any one part of the brain may affect one's overall ability to process humor. Peter Derks, a professor of psychology, conducted his rearch with a group of scientists at NASA-Langley in Hampton. Using a sophisticated electroencephalogram (EEG), they measured the brain activity of 10 people following exposure to humorous stimuli and test how quickly our brain recognizes the incongruity that deals with most humor and attaches an abstract meaning to it determines whether we laugh. However, different people find different jokes funny. That can be due to a number of factors, including differences in personality, intelligence, mental state and probably mood.
