Answers:
Part I:
1. Civil War
2. Andrew Jacksongreedy
3. simplicity, utility
4. spiritual
5. Washington Irving
6. The Sketch Book
美剧 老板
7. Noah Webster
8. James Fenimore Cooper
9. The Sketch Book
10. Washington Irving
11. The History of New York
12. The Sketch Book
13. New World, romantic
14. belletrist, pleasure, pleasure
15. the a adventure tale, the frontier saga
16. The Pioneers
非常好的英文
17. The Pilot
18. Natty Bumppo
19. the Spy
20. The Leatherstocking Tales
21. logical, systematized
22. free, psychic
23. The American Scholar
24. Ralph Waldo Emerson
25. Henry David Thoreau
26. Walden
27. Civil Disobedience
28. Bryant
29. Odysy
30. mood, language, Shakespearean
31. Hawthorne
32. The Scarlet Lettergot it
33. Moby Dick
34. Moby Dick
35. Longfellow
36. Voices of the Night
37. Divine Comedy
38. gentleness, sweetness, purity
Part II
F：3、6、7、11、12翻译费、14、15
The rest of the statements are true.
Part III
1. Summarize the major features of England Transcendentalism
1 The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the univer.
It is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omniprent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all is a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the univer.
② transcendentalists stresd the primacy of the individual.
Emerson strongly believes in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual. Since man is divine, he can totally rely on himlf. And lf-reliance in turn leads to lf-improvement, lf-cultivation and lf-perfection. Man is important to the whole society, who regeneration relies on the regeneration of the individual.
tko是什么意思
③ the primacy of nature: transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the spirit of God or the Spirit.
Emerson’s nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral-bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s overwhelming prence. Besides, it exercis a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.
2. What are Poe’s theories for the short story and poetry?
Poe’s theories for the short story and poetry are remarkable in their clarity. He thinks the short story must be of such length as to be read at one sitting, so as to ensure the totality of impression. The very first ntence ought to help to bring out the “single effect” of the story. No word should be ud which does not contribute to the “Pre-established” design of the work. Poe’s poetic theories are best elucidated in his “The Philosophy of Composition” and “The Poetic Principle.” He asrts the poem should be short, readable at one sitting and no more than 100 lines. Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader. Melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones. He concludes that “The death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world. Poe stress rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty,” and declared that “music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.”
3. genuineleatherWhat is Transcendentalism?
答案（略）
NOTE: 本题答案可参看书上的内容，结合课堂讲解和第一题进行总结。
4. What are the writing themes in Bryant’s poetry?
The theme of his work is always the same.
① The beauty and harmony of nature as a source of solace, joy, and escape; nature as a metaphor for truth
②The dignity and humanity
③ The sacredness of human freedom鸬鹚科
④ The power and beneficence of God
5. What are the major themes of Hawthorne’s works?
① Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation becau of lf-cau, or societal cau, or a combination of both.
ordering
② Initiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of his isolated condition.
③ Problem of Guilt -a character's n of guilt forced by the puritanical heritage or by society; also guilt vs. innocence.
元旦快乐英语④ Pride - Hawthorne treats pride as evil.
⑤ Puritan New England - ud as a background and tting in many tales.
⑥ Italian background
⑦ Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, didactic and moralistic.
⑧ Other themes include individual vs. society, lf-fulfillment vs. accommodation or frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, exploitation vs. hurting, and fate vs. free
will.
6. Analyze the symbolic meaning of “A” in The Scarlet Letter.
In this novel, the scarlet letter "A" changes its meaning many different times. This change is significant. It shows growth in the characters, and the community in which they live. The letter "A" begins as a symbol of sin. It then becomes a symbol of alone and alienation, and finally it becomes a symbol of able, angel and admirable.
Adultery
The letter "A", worn on Hester's bosom, is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chillingworth. This is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. The puritan treatment continues, becau as Hester walks through the streets, she will be looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that commits a terrible crime. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted.
