专题3形容词和副词
形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点，以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括：
1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。
2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序，即指示代词/不定代词＋数词(序数词、基数词)＋描绘性形容词＋特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。
3．考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。
she comes first
4．考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。
知识点一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1．形容词在句中的作用。
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。
He was lying in bed，dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：
He is an ill man.(错)
The man is ill.(对)
She is an afraid girl.(错)
The girl is afraid.(对)
(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：
average
Tom is a twoyearold boy.
2．副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：
Obviously you are wrong.
practice知识点二、常用连接性副词的用法
1．though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。
2．therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。
3．meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。
4．moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。
5．however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
fack you
6．besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。
7．instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。
知识点三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级
1．平级比较
(1)as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样
(2)as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……
(3)as much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……
(4)not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样……
①Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)．
＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)．
Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。
②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2．比较级
(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……，越……
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。
(2)the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词，表示“两个中较……的”。anthology
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。
3．比较级的修饰词
常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great deal，far，even，a bit,a little,any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。
He is much taller than Yao Ming.
他比姚明高多了。
但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the cond largest continent.
4．几种带有否定词的比较句型
(1)no better than表示“和……一样；实际等于……”。例如：
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。
(2)han表示“同……一样不”。例如：
A whale is no more a fish than a hor is.
鲸和马都不是鱼。
(3)han表示“和……一样；不逊于”。例如：
The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.
写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。
5．比较级表达最高级含义
(1)“否定词＋比较级”有最高级的含义。
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before。
你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。aside是什么意思
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone el
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)
①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.
⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
知识点四、倍数表达法
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
知识点五、形容词作定语时的位置
1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：
Someone strange is asking to e you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2．el常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：
No one el can answer the question.
3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：
jigsawpuzzlean expensive Japane sports car,tho three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
高频考点一形容词、副词的基本用法
例1．(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms,appbacked gyms offer people________options to exerci.
A．casual B．regular
C．flexible D．tight
defy
【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor rvice of the hotel,the manager is________to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A．keen B．reluctant
C．anxious D．ready
【变式探究】Fathers’love for their kids ems to be a bit strict and tough;________，mothers’love ems to be loving and caring.
A．anyway B．meanwhile
C．moreover D．otherwi
高频考点二形容词、副词的比较等级用法
例1．It may not be a great suggestion.But before________is put forward,we’ll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【变式探究】I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________meaningful things to do.
A．less B．more
C．the least D．the most
【举一反三】This is by far________movie that I have ever en.
A．an inspiring B．a much inspiring
C．the most inspiring D．the more inspiringdrawing
高频考点三形容词、副词辨析
例3．【2018·江苏】Despite the poor rvice of the hotel,the manager is_______to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A.keen
C.anxious
【举一反三】（2017•天津）—I want to e Mr.White.We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry,but he is not________at the moment,for the meeting hasn’t ended.
A.busy
B.active
D.available
【变式探究】David is________animal fur,so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the hou.
A．curious about B．allergic to
C．satisfied with D．fond of
【变式探究】The Forbidden City attracts a________stream of visitors every day,especially during national holidays.
A．constant B．main
jery
C．powerful D．shallow
【举一反三】Tony can hardly boil an egg,still________cook dinner.
A．less B．little
