Element 1:- Workplace hazards & risk
control
Hazards to pedestrians
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Slips, trips and falls (on same level)
Falls from height
Objects moving, flying or falling
Collisions with moving vehicles
Caus of slips, trips & falls (accidents on walkways or Staircas) 1- Old agetothebeginning
2- Sensory Poor eyesight
3- Unsuitable foot wear
4-Slippery polished floor
5- oil on floor
6 During the floor cleaning
7- Poor lighting / limited vision becau of the dust or fog
8- Uneven surface
9-moving from one kind of floor surface to another
10- Carrying heavy / large loads
11- Poor physical condition / ill health / consciousness problems
12- Rainy weather without suitable drainage system
13- Poor houkeeping / Obstacles on the walkway (e.g. protrusions) 14- Bad organisation or layout of the work place
15- Lack of attention / distractions
16- Alcohol & drugs
17- Fatigue & exhaustion
18- Loo / Untied shoe laces
19- Poor emergency procedures: people crowding, panicking & rushing to evacuate
20- Not using the handrails
21- Not keeping 3 points of contact
22- Walking banks man
23- Broken steps / different heights
24- Running, jumping & Horplay
Working at height
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Hazards of working at height
Fall of people
Fall of objects
Collap
Overturn
Contact with overhead rvices
Precautions & Control measures:
- Avoid working at height by using long tools or machines
- Reduce height as much as possible
- Reduce duration & frequency of working at height
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- Using proper working platform, carrying out pre u inspection & regular maintenance
- safety harness, fall arrestors & helmets with strap
-
宝莲灯小游戏 Edge protection & Safety net
- Ensure Safe access & egress to the work place
Precautions & Control measures of working on ANY roof:
The above precautions PLUS:
- Using crawl boards
- Locating & covering the lights on the roof (if any)
Hazards of ladders
Fall of people
Fall of objects
Collap
Overturn
Contact with overhead rvices
Precautions & Control measures:cliv
- Ladder resting with both feet on a levelled firm floor
- Distance between the ladder & the wall in the ratio 1 : 4
- Rested & fixed against solid surface
- Suitable for the task, approved, inspected & in good condition - Fixed & cured at the top
- 3 steps extra length at the top
- Only one person at a time
- Keeping 3 points of contact
- gloves,safety shoes, coveralls & helmets with straps - Clean firm non-slip steps
- Should only be ud as a mean of access NOT as a working platform
Independant tied Scaffold
Draw and label key parts of an independent Tied Scaffold
Control measures & precautions
- Designed, erected, inspected, altered & maintained by competent certified people
- Should be suitable for the job & certified
- Inspected before each shift & after any accident, incident or adver weather conditions
- Avoid overloading or exceeding SWL
- U of guard rails & toe boards
- Stop work in adver weather strong wind
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- helmets with strap & safety harness
Mobile Tower Scaffold
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Hazards
Fall of people
Fall of objects
Collap
Overturn
Contact with overhead rvices
Precautions & control measures
Above precautions for independant tied scaffold PLUS: - Positioned on firm ground
- U of outriggers to broaden ba & locking the wheels
- Braced & tied to permenant structure
- People and materials removed before moving
Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP)
Hazards
- Fall of people
- Fall of objects
- Collap
- Overturn
- Contact with overhead rvices
- Crushing between carrier and a fixed structure or inbetween the Scissors lift
Accidetns, Collap or overturning of MEWP caud by Equipment failure
Unsuitable ground conditions
Defective or unud outriggers
Unsuitable MEWP or in bad condition (lack of maintenance) Overloading
Struck by load or vehicles
Incompetent operator
Interference with controls by others
Strong wind / storms
Precautions & control measures = Same like Tower scaffold
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Suspended access cradle
Hazards
Fall of people
Fall of objects
Collap
Overturn
Contact with overhead rvices
Crushing between carrier and a fixed structure
Precautions & control measures = Same like Tower scaffold
Excavations
Main hazards
- Fall of people
- Fall of tools or fluids causing flooding
- Collap of the excavation (Caving)
- Overturn of vehicles clo to edge
- Contact with underground rvices (electrical cables, gas pipes, wage, telephone)
- Access and egress (being a confined space: Difficults access & egress, Hazardous atmospheres
-
Contamination (wage, spores)
2012年考研时间
transcendental- Type of soil
- Removal of soil
- Undermining foundations
Precautions & control measures
Plan the job using location maps
听天由命Locate & avoid underground CAT (cable avoidance tools) Issue permit to work
Safe digging procedures (follwoing SSOW)
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coveralls, helmets & safety shoes
Improving evironmental factors such as lighting & ventillation
Ensure safe access & egress
