冠词及其用法讲解
第一讲冠词及用法讲解
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种:定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。
一、不定冠词的基本用法
不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前,其中a用于以辅音音素(辅音音素24个/p/、/b/、/t/、/d/、/m/、/l/、/r/等,不是辅音字母)开始的词前。而an是用于以元音音素(元音音素20个/i:/、/i/、/e/、/au/等,不是元音字母a,e,i,o,u)开始的词前。如:a university,a uful tool,a computer,an orange,an hour,an800-meter bridge,
二.用法典型例句
1、与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。
--I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over the keyboard.--You shouldn't put drinks near
a computer.(2006年北京卷)
2、泛指某人或某物,表示“某一个”,相当于a certain。
--Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?(2006年全国I卷)--Sorry,wrong number.There isn't a Mr.Smith here.
3、用于数量、时间等名词前,表示“每一(单位)的……”相当于per。
I earn10dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.(2003年上海卷)
4、用于固定词组中。a knowledge of,have a gift for,give sb.a ride,a couple of,have a good time,keep a diary,in a hurry,once in a while,at a loss,tell a lie,do sb.
a favor。
三、定冠词的基本用法
1、用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所所修饰。
Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor,my father's advice was the most important one.(2006年辽宁卷)
2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。
Don't worry if you can't come to the party.I'll save some cake for you.(2006年浙江卷)3、复述上文中提到的事物。There is a shelf in my father's room.The shelf is new.
4、用于单数可数名词之前,表示该类事物,相当于a。
When you come here for your holiday next time,don't go to the hotel;I can find you a bed in my flat.(2004年全国I卷)
5、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词the。
The cakes are delicious.He'd like to have a third one becau the cond one is rather too small.(2002年上海春季卷)I want to chat with the taller of the two men.
6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。
Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny.(2000年北京春季卷)play the piano,play the violin
7、用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。the Smiths
8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。the sun,the moon,the earth,the world。
9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。
According to the World Health Organization,health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.(2006年全国II卷)
After dinner he gave Mr.Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport.(2005年安徽卷)
10、在某些形容词之前,可表示某一类人。the rich,the poor,the old,the wounded,the living,the dead。
四、不用冠词(零冠词)情况:
doto1、人名、地名(街名、广场名、公园名)、大学名、国名、病名前。
Wang Fu Jing Street,Pei Hai Park北海公园,Beijing
ayanaUniversity但也可说the University of Beijing。
2、抽象名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。
When you finish reading the book,you will have a better understandingof life.(2004年辽宁卷)dog 048
3、物质名词表示一般概念时,一般不用冠词。The warmth of the sweater will of cour be determined by the sort of wool ud.(2001年全国卷)
4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前,常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时,加the。
We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory.类似的名词还有:president,monitor,headmaster,mayor等。
5、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前,不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。Children's Day,Women's Day,May Day the Spring Festival。
6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前,不用冠词。play basketball,play chess。
7、man作“人类”讲时,同human,mankind一样不用冠词。While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery,which completely changed man's understanding of color.(2004年广东卷)
despair什么意思8、by与表示“通信、交通”的词连用,表示通信,交通手段时,不用冠词。If you go by train,you can have quite a
crixuscomfortable journey,but make sure you get a fast one.(2005年全国III卷)
9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。
It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.(2005年北京卷)
说明书英文10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义,不加冠词,常作状语。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001年上海卷)in surpri/wonder/danger/tears/comfort,in love with,under pressure,beyond expression等。
典例精析:
女生剪什么发型好看1._______walk is expected to last all day,so bring _______packed lunch.(2007年山东卷)谷歌英文搜索
A.A;a
B.The;不填
C.The;a
D.A;不填
global sources解析:the walk是指大家心中都明白的walk,因此用定冠词特指;a packed lunch是泛指,指一份盒饭。答案:C。
miscarriage2.--Could you tell me the way to_______Johnsons,plea? --Sorry,we don't have_______Johnson here in the village.(2007年全国II卷)