四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解
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1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a cour in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themlves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands reprenting a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students u
d looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismisd their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (ambition是什么意思异端邪说).
It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japane. They assumed language must be bad on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is bad on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”
21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___.
A) a new way to look at the learning of language
B) a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language
C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language
D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（Chotor）
22. The, prent growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____.
A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain
B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts
英语教学心得C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf
D) some nior experts in American Sign Language（C）
23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___.
A) a Substandard language
B) a genuine language
C) an artificial language
怎么和陌生妹子聊天D) an international language（B）
24. Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea becau they thought _____D___.
A) sign language was not extensively ud even by deaf people
B) sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted
C) a language should be easy to u and understand
D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds（D）
25. Stokoe’s argument is bad on his belief that ____D____.
A) sign language is as efficient as any other language
B) sign language is derived from natural language
C) language is a system of meaningful codes
D) language is a product of the brain（D）
怪兽婆婆
2）英文儿歌歌词It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German crui ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that nt hundreds of families sliding into the a as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off tho in the water who had th
e strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. I’ll never forget the screams,” says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into eming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.
Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Becau the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.”
The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unrervedly owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazi
s at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.
31. Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history? （B）
A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.
B) It caud the largest number of casualties.
C) Most of its pasngers were frozen to death.
D) Its victims were mostly women and children.
32. Hundreds of families dropped into the a when ___（A）_____.
A) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side
B) a strong ice storm tilted the ship
C) the crui ship sank all of a sudden
D) the frightened pasngers fought desperately for lifeboats
33. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century becau Germans _____（D）___.高考语文试卷
A) were eager to win international acceptance
B) had been pressured to keep silent about it
C) were afraid of offending their neighbors
D) felt guilty for their crimes in World War II
34. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy? （shelD）
A) By describing the ship’s sinking in great detail.英语对话练习
B) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.
C) By prenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.
D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.
35. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that ____（C）____.
A) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation’s past misdeeds
B) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War II
C) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy
jtechD) it-is wrong to equate their sufferings with tho of other countries
