动词时态和语态讲解
动词的时态和语态
pluot动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去将来时
现在完成进行时
knife的音标 1、 一般现在时的用法
1) 表示现在的情况、状态或能力。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如：
He goes to school every day.
He is very happy.
2）表示客观规律或普遍真理。
verto The earth moves around the sun.
3) 在时间状语从句when，as soon as和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.
1.If it_____(rain),I shall take an umbrella with me.
character
2.You ___(pass)never this test if you don't work hard.
3.If he_______(be)here before 10o'clock,I shall e him.
4.If he plays well,he____(get)into the team.
5.If he______(enjoy)concerts,why doesn't he come with us?
6.Tell him to wait for me if he___(be)not in a hurry.
7.You ______（be)very lucky if he ______ (let) you go without a ticket
4) 航班，列车时刻表，行程等中，用来表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件时，用一般时表示将来时.句中都带有表示将来的时间。
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18: 20
汽车维修资料网The plane takes off at 8 and arrives at 11
2.一般过去时的用法
1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
b. He worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示过去经常发生的动作 ， 也可用 “ud to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I ud to smoke.
注：”ud to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有 “现在不再……”含义。另外“ be ud to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..”
a. I am ud to the climate here.
b. He is ud to running in winter.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
Last summer, I (go) to Italy. I (visit) muum and (sit) in public gardens. A friendly waiter (teach) me a few words of Italian. Then he (lend) me a book. I (read) a few lines, but I (not understand) a word. Every day I (think) about postcards. My holidays (pass) quickly, but I (not nd) cards to my friends. On the last day, I (make) a big decision. I (get) up early and (buy) thirty-ven cards. I (spend) the whole day in my room, but I (not write) a single card!
3.一般将来时的用法
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 童程童美或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
2)“be to + wallet是什么意思动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
Are we to go on with this work?
3) “be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 We are about to leave.
常构成句型 be about to do sth when
4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing.
5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。
Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison____________(sail) from Portsmouth tomorrow. We____________(meet)him at the harbour early in the morning. He____________(be)in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic man
y times. Captain Alison____________(t out) at eight o'clock, so we____________(have) plenty of time. We____________(e) his boat and then we____________(say) goodbye to him. He____________(be) away for two months, We are very proud of him. He____________( take part) in an important race across the Atlantic.
4.现在进行时的用法
1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外， “系动词 + 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.
2) smash表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如have, be , here, , like 等 ) 一般不用进行。
5.过去进行时的用法
1) 过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由 “ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。
In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in.
6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由 “have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况：
1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。
He has gone to Fuzhou.
He has been to Fuzhou.
afriendinneedisafriendindeed2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。
He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 1985.
Now I have finished the work..
注意：表示短暂时间动作的词(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成时不能与for, since 等 表示一般时间的词连用。
3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。
I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
I just ______ (receive) a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He ______ (be) there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he already______ (visit) a great number of different places in Australia. He just ______ (buy) an Australian car and ______ (go) to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother never ______ (be) abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
7.过去完成时的用法
1) 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。
By the end of last year we had built five new hous.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
bubly
