考点17 阅读理解之词义猜测的高考实战
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的前提与基础，不懂单词或短语的含义就谈不上对文章的理解。但英语中单词或短语的含义有时并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义常随语境的变化而不同。能根据不同语境理解灵活变化的单词或短语的意义是一项重要的阅读理解能力，也是高考英语阅读理解中常考的一种题型。
[典型题练习]
中国日语三 词义猜测题
A
本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
（2021年全国高考新高考I卷英语试题） When the explorers first t foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of the precious natural resources wily. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the ttlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of the resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and hou the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.1758
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purcha and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roovelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensur
e the survival of our natural resources.how are you是什么意思
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conrvation Fund to purcha wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purcha more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conrvation programs ever initiated.
1．What was a cau of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
sleep是什么意思
2．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
这个杀手不太冷台词
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
3．What is a direct result of the Act pasd in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.
左面
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A
【分析】
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and hou the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
美女翻译
2．
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of the precious natural resources wily.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into tha
t Fund to purcha more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
4．靠边停车技巧>truck是什么意思
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
B
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
（2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷英语试题） I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give
them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. The were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
昆明会计培训班As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the hou during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwi they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very inten due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
