华侨大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷 （答案必须写在答题纸上） 招生专业 英语语言文学 科目名称 英语综合 科目代码 762 英国硕士Part I Error Correction: 10 points Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the inrtion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash ( / ) in the blank. Example: Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. ___time__ 偎依Many of the arguments having ud for the study of literature as a 2. __/_____ school subject are valid for∧study of television. 3. __the_____ Great changes have taken places in Chine family life in 1. _________ the past twenty years. In my parents’ word, the difference between 2. _________ their childhood and mine is as vastly as that between heaven and 3. _________ earth. When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appliances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is believable to young 4.__________ people today is that they are ldom dined out in a restaurant, or 5. __________ traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday. On contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in 6. _________ China today has at least one TV t and many have been equipping 7. _________ with telephones, computers, even cars. While the nior members of a family watch TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends whom may live thousands 8. __________ of miles from them. The changes in Chine family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would just the same as before. Times 9.___________ have changed, and changed, most would certainly agree with me, for 10. __________ the better. Part II Grammar：30 points （I）2015考研英语真题Complete each of the following ntences with the best choice: 10 points Directions投降的意思: There are 10 ntences in this ction. Beneath each ntence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choo the one that best completes the ntence. 1. “Do you want to wait?” “Two weeks ______too long for me to wait.” A. is B. are C. have been D. was 2. By the time ______ Norman Rockwell had decided that he wanted to be an artist. A. in his early teens B. his early teens were C. was his early teens D. he was in his early teens 3. It was between 1830 and 1835 _____ the modern newspaper was born. A. how B. that C. which D. becau 4. The advanced worker was the first person ________. A. in who honor the prize was given B. whom the prize honor was given to him C. for him the prize honor was given D. who honor the prize was given 5. ______, we should be glad. A. Were they to arrive tomorrow B. They were to arrive tomorrow C. They would arrive tomorrow D. They arrive tomorrow 6. All ____ is a continuous supply of fuel oil. A. what is needed B. that is needed C. the thing needed D. for their needs 7. His success was due to ________ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 8. I remember ________ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to be paid B. that I receive pay C. get paid D. being paid 9. She scarcely cares for anything, _______ ? A. doesn’t she B. does she C. is she D. is it 10. The language of the Sumerians, _______ , is unrelated to any known language. A. which remains obscure origin B. who remains obscure origin C. who origin remains obscure D. who is origin obscure remain 紧张的英文(II) There are 10 ntences in this ction. Each ntence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked (A),(B),(C),and (D). Identify the one underlined part that is wrong: 10 points 1. The royal yacht Britannia, which visited California during the worst storms A B that had struck that state in decades, is longer that a football field. C D 2. Many connoisurs believe ancient Chine art to be superior than other art works A B C produced in the same period. D 3. The Party has always stresd the importance of lying a solid foundation in opac A B C D Everything we do. 4. Hamburgers and hot dogs, tho are eaten all across that country, are sometimes A B C D called typical American foods. 5. According to the conditions of their scholarships, after finishing their degrees, the A B university will employ them for three years. C D 6. If only you didn’t tell Tom what I said about him everything would have been A B C all right . D 7. If compare Bill and Joe as far as scholarship goes, you will have to conclude that A B ml是什么意思 Bill is without any question the brightest. C D 清华少儿英语教材8. On December 7, 1877, Delaware became a first state to ratify the constitution. A B C D 9. Mass advertising is employed when person-to-person lling is impractical, A B impossible, or simply inefficiency. C D 珍珠港主题曲10. The church group has been conducting minars to help its followers to develop A B a more tranquility philosophy of life. C D (III) Rewrite the following ntences using an adverb instead of the adjective italicized: 1. Dick’s behavior is more courteous than Bob’s. 2. There has been a much more rapid increa in the number of street accidents in the last ten years. (IV) Rewrite the ntences so as to begin each with existential there: 1. A man is sitting on that fence. 2. A strange caller yesterday wouldn’t say what his business was. (V) Emphasize the italicized elements in ntences below by using the construction of the cleft ntence: 1. John bought the car from Henry. 2. I shall always remember the way in which you received us that evening. (VI) Combine each group of ntences into one ntence, using a non-finite clau: 1. She hoped to find the will. She arched everywhere. 2. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it. （VII）Rewrite the following ntences using inversion if possible: 1. Come and teach in our school. You won’t find such fine pupils anywhere el. 2. The girls were talking noisily when the teacher walked in. Part III Reading Comprehension: 50 points Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choo only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement. Passage 1 Within Australia, Australian Hotels Inc (AHI) operates nine hotels and employs over 2000 permanent full-time staff, 300 permanent part-time employees and 100 casual staff. One of its latest ventures, the Sydney Airport Hotel (SAH), opened in March 1995. The hotel is the clost to Sydney Airport and is designed to provide the best available accommodation, food and beverage and meeting facilities in Sydney’s southern suburbs. Similar to many international hotel chains, however, AHI has experienced difficulties in Australia in providing long-term profits for hotel owners, as a result of the country’s high labour-cost structure. In order to develop an economically viable (可行的) hotel organization, model, AHI decided to implement some new policies and practices at SAH. The first of the initiatives was an organizational structure with only three levels of management-compared to the traditional ven. Party as a result of this change, there are 25 percent fewer management positions, enabling a significant saving. This change also has other implications. Communication, both up and down in many cas to front-line employees. As a result guest requests are usually met without reference to a supervisor, improving both customer and employee satisfaction. The hotel also recognized that it would need a different approach to lection employees who would fit in with its new policies. In its advertiments, the hotel stated a preference for people with some “rvice” experience in order to minimize traditional work practices being introduced into the hotel. Over 7000 applicants filled in application forms for the 120 jobs initially offered at SAH. The balance of the positions at the hotel (30 management and 40 shift leader positions) were predominantly filled by transfers from other AHI properties. A ries of tests and interviews were conducted with potential employees, which eventually left 280 applicants competing for the 120 advertid positions. After the final interview, potential recruits were divided into three categories. Category A was for applicants exhibiting strong leadership qualities, Category C was for applicants perceived to be followers, and Category B was for applicants with both leader and follower qualities. Department heads and shift leaders then compod prospective teams using a combination of people from all three categories. Once suitable teams were formed, offers of employment were made to team members. Another major initiative by SAH was to adopt a totally multi-skilled workforce. Although there may be some limitations with highly technical jobs such as cooking or maintenance, wherever possible, employees at SAH are able to work in a wide variety of positions. A multi-skilled workforce provides far greater management flexibility during peak and quiet times to transfer employees to needed positions. For example, when office staff are away on holidays during quiet periods of the year, employees in either food or beverage of houkeeping departments can temporarily fill in. The most crucial way, however, of improving the labour cost structure at SAH was to find better, more productive ways of providing customer rvice. SAH management concluded this would first require a process of “benchmarking”. The prime objective of the benchmarking process was to compare a range of rvice delivery process across a range of criteria using teams made up of employees form different departments within the hotel which interacted with each other. This process resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAH’s ability to improve productivity and quality. The front office team discovered through this project that a high proportion of AHI Club member rervations were incomplete. As a result, the rvice provided to the guests was below the standard promid to them as part of their membership agreement. Reducing the number of incomplete rervations greatly improved guest perceptions of rvice. In addition, a program modeled on an earlier project called “Take Charge” was implemented. Esntially, Take Charge provides and effective feedback loop from both customers and employees. Customer comments, both positive and negative, are recoded by staff. There are collated regularly to identify opportunities for improvement. Just as importantly, employees are requested to note down their own suggestions for improvement. (AHI has t an expectation that employees will submit at least three suggestions for every one they receive from a customer.) employee feedback is reviewed daily and suggestions are implemented without 48 hours if possible or a valid reason is given for non-implementation. If suggestions require analysis or data collection, the Take Charge team has 30 days in which to address the issue and come up with recommendation. Although quantitative evidence of AHI’s initiatives at SAH are limited at prent, anecdotal evidence clearly suggests that the practices are working. Indeed AHI is progressively rolling out the initiatives in other hotels in Australia, whilst numerous overas visitor have come to e how the program works. 1. The high costs of running AHI’s hotels are related to their________. A. management B. size C. staff D. policies 2. SAH’s new organizational structure requires _________ A. 75% of the old management positions. B. 25% of the old management positions. C. 25% more management positions. D. 5% fewer management positions. 3. The SAH’s approach to organizational structure required changing practices in_______ A. industrial relations. B. firing staff. C. hiring staff. D. marketing. 4. The total number of jobs advertid at the SAH was_______. A. 70 B. 280 C. 170 D. 120 5. Categories A, B and C were ud to lect________ A. front office staff. B. new teams. C. department heads. D. new managers. Passage 2 Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the cond world war and people of Japane, Chine and Filipino origin, is oppod to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared wor than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee t up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cau a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themlves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state-as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency t up in 1978 to reprent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itlf a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native tho people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just bad on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US$136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this. 6. Hawaii's native minority refers to . A. Hawaii's ethnic groups B. people of Filipino origin C. the Ka Lahui group D. people with 50% Hawaiian blood 7. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives? A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed. B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans. C. Their life is wor than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii. D. They are the only native group without sovereignty. 8. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? A. He is Hawaii's first native governor. B. He has t up a sovereignty advisory committee. C. He suggested the native people decide for themlves. D. He is leading the local independent movement. 9. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? A. American Indian natives. B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs. C. The Ka Lahui group. D. The Hawaiian natives. 10. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT_______. A. a greater autonomy within the state B. more back rent on the crown land C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land D. full independence from the US Passage 3 Avra Leodas of Santa Fe, N. M., makes objects in clay – weighty, solid, mysterious, elegant sculptures. Her simple forms may at first glance appear to spring from nature, but many have been inspired by man-made objects. The surface textures sometimes remble stone and sometimes steel, echoing the balance she achieves between nature-made and human-made inspiration. But the surfaces of the archetypal shapes also suggest ancient civilizations. --- an evocation of the history of human life on earth. In fact, the artist herlf says that they remind her of artifacts found in an archaeological dig. The analogy becomes clear when looking at her current installation at the Robischon Gallery in Denver. As single items, the shapes are marvelous small sculptures. But placed in relationship to each other, the metaphors they evoke are endless --- depending only on the imagination of the viewer. The fact that the objects remind us of tools as much as they do of organic and aesthetic objects reinforces the archaeological metaphor. “This work is a tremendous departure from what I’ve been doing for the last 17 years,” Leodas says. “There are a lot of connections, but the transitions are really important to me. I was doing the large vesls up to three feet in diameter. There are some similarities between the old and the new work in what the forms are about classic, simple, elegant, unadorned work..” “People like to make reference to my Aegean heritage --- the deep underwater blue and green. For me, it was a process of refinement, trying to make the perfect one. I worked with only six or ven forms, and I dealt with balance and proportion. For example, if I was working with an oval shape, I would do it tall and narrow or wide and short --- playing with proportion that way.” There came a point, however, when she reached the end of her experiments with vesls, when she had done everything she needed to do with that application of her medium. “I knew I had to change what I was doing, but I had no idea how. After the buildup of my reputation, it was just like being a baby.” “The new forms are all clod --- as oppod to a vesl, where I am thinking about inside-outside, containing space. This body of work was a tremendous outpouring I did not plan at all. I did not plan or think about how one was leading to the next one. I just made them…” Leodas says the objects have been influenced by her love of tools. “When I was thinking about the new work, I went to a blacksmith friend’s shop, pulled out his tools, and photographed them. There is just something about the well-made tool that really does its job…” There is a piece that ended up looking like a tire rib, another that rembles a blacksmith’s hammerhead, and another who form derives fro the disc between the vertebrae of a whale. In the end, she believes that the forms are both very personal and at the same time universal. The artist’s passion for clay is as plain as her exquisite formal achievements, her n of fun as apparent as her experti in the medium. 11. The term “archaeological metaphor” in the cond paragraph suggest that the sculptures ________ A. appear both antiquated and modern. B. are refined and unornamented. C. remble prehistoric implements. D. are incomparable and artless. 12. The artist’s new work rembles the __________ of her previous work. A. size and shape. B. austerity and refinement C. polished, vibrantly-colored exteriors D. symmetry and magnitude 13. Leodas states in the sixth paragraph that “it was just like being a baby…” indicating that she ________ A. once again felt like a neophyte. B. was brashly confident about her work. C. thought her fame was underved. D. was helpless and in need. 14. From the details in the passage we can infer that the artist _________ A. was born somewhere in the Mediterranean. B. lacks inspiration and humor. C. approaches her work mechanically. D. is disciplined and reflective. 15. Apparently the author of the passage ___________ A. is unfamiliar with sculptural terms. B. relies too heavily on other art critics. C. rearches her subject matter before writing. D. finds Leodas’s work mundane and lifeless. Passage 4 Imagine you are a citizen of Athens, enjoying a warm Mediterranean night in the Theater of Herodes Atticus. You are wearing jeans and a T-shirt, listening to a great concert. Now rewind this picture 1,839 years. You are in the same at, only you are watching classical Greek entertainment and wearing a simple chiton, or tunic. The city of Athens is a fun mix of the old and the new, the classic and the modern. Often a little shop is located next to the rains of a temple, which is only a block from a large, air-conditioned hotel. The great city of 2,500 years ago is still visible today. Ruins are the most obvious sign of ancient Athens, and the most famous of the is the Acropolis. The Acropolis is a large hill that was the center of life in Athens. On its slopes were temples, monuments, and theaters. From the top, you can e how the urban sprawl of Athens stretches out in every direction. On the top of the Acropolis is the Parthenon. This was once a huge temple to Athena, the city's patron. It was first completed in 432 B.C., but has been damaged and destroyed veral times. However, visitors can still e the "tricks" ud in building the Parthenon. The columns along the outside lean inward, and are slightly fatter in the middle. The temple is also higher in the middle than on the sides. All the effects make the Parthenon look perfectly straight from a distance. 号码的英文Only a block away from the Acropolis is the neighborhood of Plaka. The area, with its little shops and restaurants, is very popular with both tourists and locals, and is an important part of modern Athenian culture. Many great thinkers, writers, and political leaders lived in ancient Athens. The ruins of their homes and favorite spots are scattered throughout the busy port city. The hill where St. Paul addresd early Christian Athenians is located near the Acropolis. Great thinkers such as Perikles and Demosthenes spoke to the civil asmblies held at the Pnyx Hill. Today the Pnyx is an open-air theater for light and sound shows. Greeks still u some ancient sites, such as the Pnyx and the Theater of Herodes Atticus. During Roman times, in 76 A.D., gladiators ud the Panathenaic Stadium for contests. The Olympics were held there in 1896, and today people still jog and exerci in the stadium. Tourism is very important to people who live in modern-day Athens. Thousands of people come every year to e the ruins and to tour the many muums that hou artifacts from ancient times. This provides many jobs and brings money into Athens, which helps the city pay for improvements. Athenians take pride in the accomplishments of their ancestors, and people from all around the world come to admire them. By looking around the city today, we can imagine what life was like in ancient Athens. 16. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the city of Athens? A. The culture of the city is a mixture of the old and modern. B. Traces of the ancient city can still be found. C. Ruins and modern hotels co-exist in the city. D. All the temples are not far away from air-conditioned hotels. 17. Which tourist attraction was ancient Athens most famous for? A. Plaka. B. Acropolis. C. Pnyx. D. Parthenon. 18. According to the context, "tricks" in Paragraph Five refer to ______________ A. skillful constructing methods. B. confusing constructing skills. C. mischievous acts. D. constructing materials. 19. The writer mentioned all the following benefits of tourism in Athens for Athenians EXCEPT_______ A. offering job opportunities to Athenians. B. enriching Athenians by providing accommodation for tourists. C. enabling Athenians to improve the infrastructures. D. making Athenians proud of their ancestors. 20. What is the best title for the passage? A. Tourism in Athens. B. Athens: Then & Now. C. Historic Interests in Athens. D. The Magic of Ancient Athens. Part IV Linguistics: 30 points 1. Define the following terms with examples where necessary: 9 points ① discreteness ② phatic function ③ gradable antonyms 2. Put “T” for true and “F” for fal for the following statements: 10 points ① The function that taboos fulfil is physiological function, according to Finch. ( ) ② Human language is primarily a system of natural signs. ( ) ③ The diachronic study refers to the description of a particular state of a language at a single point of time.( ) ④ Of the three person deictic expressions, the third person is felt to be the remotest from the speaker.( ) ⑤“It’s cold in here” is a direct speech act when describing the temperature but an indirect speech act when ud to make a request. ( ) 3. Explain with examples the two dimensions of word relations: syntagmatic relationship and paradigmatic relationship: 5 points 4. Read the following dialogue and decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted and tell what particularized conversational implicature can be drawn: 6 points A: What do you think of Cathy’s English? B: Well, she comes to class quite regularly and sings well indeed. Part V British and American Literature: 30 points (I) Fill in the following blanks with appropriate items of information: 10 points 1. Besides tragedies, Shakespeare produced quite a few fantastic comedies such as ① and ____② ____. 2. “ Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a poetic statement prented by John Keats in his _③ . 3. Robert Browning and ④ have been considered the most distinguished poets of the Victorian Age. 4. Tess of the D’Urbervilles and ________⑤______, written by _____⑥____, deal with the disillusionment of the country youth in Southern England. 5. __________⑦_________, the Nobel Prize Winner for Literature in 2001, is well-known for his novels such as A Bend in the River and A Hou for Mr. Biswas. 6. American authors in the tradition of Naturalism are best reprented by Jack London, ____⑧______ , and _____⑨_______, et al. 7. ______⑩______ , a great contemporary Afro-American author, is best known for her The Color Purple. (II) Comment briefly on ANY ONE of the following topics: 20 points 1. The Canterbury Tales 2. A poem by William Blake 3. A story by Sherwood Anderson |
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