ozzo高频考点 动词1 (助动词、实义动词)
考点 1、动词的五种基本形式; 2、助动词的用法(构成时态、语态、否定和疑问句); 3、实义动词的用法(动词词组) |
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Ⅰ. 动词的五种基本形式
动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形(do),单三形式(does),现在分词(doing),过去式(did)和过去分词(done)。
1. 动词原形
动词原形即是不带to的动词不定式,也就是词典中一般给出的形式。
2. 单三形式
①
②
③
④
3. 现在分词
①
②
③
④
4. 过去式/过去分词
①
②
③
④
Ⅱ. 助动词的用法
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有:be, have, do, will和shall等。
1. 助动词be (am/is/are/was/were)
be+doing stamping构成进行时 The students are having class.
be+done 构成被动语态 The window was broken.
2. 助动词do (does/did)
do/does/did用于构成否定句、疑问句、加强语气等,如:
He didn’t go to e the film last Sunday.
Do you know?
3. 助动词will和shall
will/shall用于构成将来时。(shall只用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)如:
I shall/will be fifteen years old next birthday.
Shall we go to the concert tomorrow?
4. 助动词have (has/had)
have/has/had+done 构成完成时
Ⅲ. 实义动词的用法
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1. 及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
She likes this sweater very much.
(2)动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./do/doing/to do/done)
We call him MJ.
Could you plea keep the door open?
I saw a thief steal in the shop yesterday.
注:常跟省略to的不定式(do)和现在分词(doing)koko爱英语作宾语的动词有:make, let, have, e, watch, hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Plea pass me the pen.
常带双宾语的动词有:已有的英文
give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb.
nd sb. sth. / nd sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.
pass sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb. write sb. sth. / write sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb. makedigup sb. sth. / make sth. for sb.
get sb. sth. / get sth. for sb. sing sb. sth. / sing sth. for sb.
2. 不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。如:
The trees grow quickly.
They work in Africa.
有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累!
(1)不同动词+相同介词/副词
1)动词+away构成的短语有:
throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;rangedisplayrun away潜逃;跑开;go away走开等。
2)动词+for构成的短语有:
plan for打算,为……计划; ask for请求,寻找,需要;nd for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找等。
3)动词+on构成的短语有:
try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;hold on不挂断,停止;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep/go on继续;get on上(车、船);come on赶快等。
4)动词+over构成的短语有:
come over顺便拜访、过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over检查;think over瓜子脸发型设计仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;turn over翻转等。
5)动词+up构成的短语有:
bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎;国内托福fix up修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up向上看,查寻;make up弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up捡起,(开车)接某人;t up建立,创(纪录);nd up发射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出现,把……调高一点;take up占据,开始从事等。
6)动词+out构成的短语有:
go out出去;look out留神,当心;t out出发,开始:put out扑灭;give/hand out分发;pick out挑选;find out找出,发现;speak out大声地说出;turn out结果是;get out出去,离开;work out计算出,解决;carry out实现,执行;come out出版
(2)相同动词+不同介词/副词
1)break+介词/副词的短语有:
break down击败,摧毁,(身体)垮掉;break out爆发;break through突破,突围;break off中断,突然停止;break up打碎;分解;驱散;break in打断;break into破门而人;break away突然离开;逃脱;脱离等。
2)bring+介词的短语有:
bring back拿回来,使恢复;bring down打倒,降低;bring in引进;bring out出版,生产;bring up培养,养育等。
3)call+介词/副词的短语有:
call after以……的名字命名;call back召回,使回忆起;call up征召入伍,给某人打电话,使想起;call on号召,拜访某人;call in召集;call off取消等。
4)come+介词/副词的短语有:
come in进来;come from来自于……;come over过来;come out出来,出版;come by从旁经过;come up上来,走进;come across偶遇;come after跟着……来;come back回来;come around恢复知觉;回来;come down下来,倒塌等。
5)cut+介词的短语有:
cut in插嘴,插入;cut across抄近路;cut off切断;cut up切碎,cut away砍掉;cut down砍倒,削减;cut out切掉,裁剪出,停止;cut through通过,穿过等。
6)get+介词/副词的短语有:
get about传播;走动;get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in进入,陷入;get on上车,进展,融洽相处;get off下车,下来;get across通过,被理解;get along进展,融洽相处;get away离开,脱身等。
7)give+介词/副词的短语有:
give up放弃;give in屈服,投降;give away赠送,捐赠,泄漏;give over移交,交出,give off放出,发出,排出;give out分发,散发,放出(光,热);give back归还等。
8)go+介词/副词的短语有:
go aheadpuzzle是什么意思着手,开始(做),进行;go along 进展,前进;go around到处走动,顺便访问;go away离去,走开;go beyond超过;go by过去,流逝;go down下降;go up上升;go for喜欢;go off离开,停止;go over复习,温习;go through经历,穿过等。
9)look+介词/副词的短语有:
look after照顾,照料;look away把目光移开;look around环顾;look at看;look down朝下看;look for寻找;look intolip rvice调查;look out当心;look through浏览,检查等。
10)take+介词/副词的短语有:
take off脱下,起飞;take away带走,拿走;take out取出,拿出;take down写下,记下;
take over接受,接管;take up占据,开始从事等。
11)turn+介词/副词的短有:
turn off关掉;turn on打开;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;turn up调高,到达,出现;turn about/round(使)向后转,回头,转身;turn away转过脸去,拒绝;turn back往回走;turn/hand in上缴,上交;turn into(使)变成;turn to求助于,转向等。