动词的时、体、态、式
内容提要：
◆动词的时、体、态、式
实行英文
董事长英文翻译◆时态的用法generation是什么意思
◆助动词的用法
动词的时、体、态、式
现代英语的两时两体
What do we mean by ten and aspect?
Ten is a grammatical form of verbs that tells of the distinctions of time.
English verbs have two tens: the prent (Φ) and the past (-ed).
Aspect is a grammatical form that indicates whether an action or state is viewed as complete or incomplete.
English verbs have two aspects: the progressive (-ing) and the perfective (-ed).
There is no such a thing as future ten in English corresponding to the prent and past ten; rather, there are a number of ways of expressing future time, eg: shall/be going to + main verb.
Possible verb forms in the combination of ten and aspect:
Ten aspect combination active voice passive voice
1. simple prent plays am/is/are played
2. simple past played was/were played
3. prent progressive am/is/are playing am/is/are being played
4. past progressive was/were playing was/were being played
5. prent perfective have/has played have/has been played
6. past perfective had played had been played
7. prent perfective progressive have/has been playing -------------
8. past perfective progressive had been playing -------------
动词的态 (Voice)rendipity
Voice is a grammatical form of verbs that shows whether the subject of a ntence acts or is acted on.
English verbs have two voices: active voice (Φ) and passive voice (-ed).
Two forms of passive voice: (1) “be + V-ed”;
(2) “get + V-ed”.
Eg: lengths
In the end, he got punished for a crime.
Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
When lights fu, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, wives automatically assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
The work should be done at once.
He was offered some assistance.
The windows have been painted white.
ipad 越狱 "Hamlet" was written by Shakespeare.
The children are well looked after.
This matter is being looked into.
Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting.
When was the hospital t up?
The sports meet is to be put off.
I am proud to be thus chon.
I hope to be nominated.
He wants to be invited.
He enjoys being flattered.
动词的式 (Mood)
Mood is a grammatical form of verbs that indicates whether an utterance express a fact, a command or request, or a non-factual meaning.
English verbs have three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
Tell in what mood each of the following ntences is.
Make yourlf at home.
It is desirable that everything be ready by five o’clock.pullout
France lies on the windward side of Europe.
The harsh weather last year is the result of the global greenhou effect.
Don’t be late for class.
I wish I could help.
In modern English, non-factual meaning can be expresd by a number of ways, by the simple past, by the past progressive, by the past perfective, by past ten modals + V, by conditionals, and of cour, by subjunctive mood.
Eg.
I should be there by now if I had started earlier.
How I wish I had gone there with you!
He would do it if you asked him.
If you should e Celia, give her my best wishes.
English verbs have two forms of subjunctive mood:
(1) “be-subjunctive”; that is, the verb takes the ba form.
(2) “were-subjunctive”, that is, the verb has only the were form.
Eg.
I wish I were young again.
It is esntial that he recognize his faults.
If I were in your shoes (position), I would accept the terms.
elisany silva
If that be so, we shall take action at once.
He ordered that all the books be nt at once.
We propo that somebody neutral take the chair.
人事部三级笔译 It is necessary that he come back without delay.
If the rumour be true,everything is possible.
Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away.
Whatever be his defen, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty.
God bless you!
So be it.
If only I were not so nervous.
He behaves as though he were better than us.
Though the whole world were against me, I would do what I consider as right.
