英汉翻译复习题
英汉翻译复习题
Roman jakobson三种翻译类型
语内翻译：指同一个语言当中用一些语言符号解释另一些语言符号。（例如古文翻译成现代文）
语际翻译:两种语言之间的翻译。用另一种语言的语言符号来解释一种语言的符号。
（英汉、汉英）
符际翻译：通过非语言的符号系统解释另一种语言符号或用语言符号解释非语言符号Alexsander trar tytler 论翻译的三项原则
译文应完全腹泻出原作的思想
译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同
译文应和原作同样流畅
第一章翻译的基础知识篇
If you say that someone has a skeleton in the clot, or in British English a skeleton in the cupboard, you mean that they are keeping cret a bad or embarrassing fact about themlves. 我昨天才听说他们家大儿子坐过两次牢。真不知道他们家还有多少见不得人的事情。（意译）?Dear Mark,
New York is finally getting a real sales manager. Congratulations on your new promotion.
Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone el in the company, and probably everyone el in the industry.
The company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence you’ve always shown, and I imagine that before long you’ll be moving the whole firm into the number-one position. [Version] 亲爱的马克:
纽约终于有了位真正的销售(部)经理，祝贺你(的)又一次高升。
你所具有的市场营销知识(能力）使你在公司里出人头地，很可能在整个营销业中你也高人一筹。
个人简历翻译
你一贯表现出来的热情及聪明才智将会使你的公司受益匪浅，我想不久你就会使你的公司名列同行之首。[Original]
第二章翻译的理解篇thc
I love my love with an E, becau she's enticing; I hate her with an E, becau she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east. (Dickens, David Copperfield)
译文4：
我爱我的心上人，因为她那样地叫人入迷（enticing）；我恨我的心上人，因为她已订婚将作他人妻（engaged）；她花容月貌无可比拟（exquisite），我劝她私奔跟我在一起（elopement）；她的名字叫埃米莉（Emily），她的家就在东城里（east）。我为我的心上人呀，一切都因为这个E！（陆乃圣）
1 专有名词先天性歧义
1 A succulent dert catcus ...native to tropical and subtropical America.
一种多沙漠仙人掌，...原产美洲热带、亚热带地区。
2. The majority of the population is of Indian and mixed descent, with monorities of Africa descent, East Indians, and others
居民以印第安人和混血人为主，有少数非洲后裔、东印度人.
3.The first permanent Anglo- American ttlement was established in 1821.
第一个永久定居点建立与1821年。
4.If the skin has become thoroughly wet or one has perspired a great deal, sunscreens should be
applied as often as every 30 to 60 minutes to maintain a reasonably high degree of effectiveness
如果浑身湿透，或者大量排汗，应每隔30 分钟到60分钟涂用一次防晒油，以保持理想的防晒效果。
5.He was prominent in the ragged schools movement.
他在推动贫民免费学校运动中表现出色。
普通词语先天性歧义
普通词语结合后产生歧义
普通词语与专业术语的词易混淆
5 典型词语的翻译
6 语境下词语翻译
1.The United States exhibits the qualities of an individual going through a nervous breakdown.
沪江英语学习
美国表现了患神经衰弱症病人的症状。
2.Becau of this explosive progress, today’s machines are millions of times more powerful than their crude ancestors.
星沙英语网有了这种突飞猛进的进步，今天的机器比起原始期的机器不知强了好几百万倍。
3.He is always politically incorrect.
他讲话总是不合时宜。
That was not a very happy remark.
那么说很不得体。
5.That is the bedroom I shared with John.
reasonbox
那是我和汤姆的卧室。
6.The friendship Nancy and I shared with Kay is one of the legacies of my government
rvice.
我和南希与凯的友谊是当年我为政府服务的一个收获。
7.Roovelt launched into a vast but impressionistic description of his plans for a world liberated from the fear of Nazi Germany.
罗斯福滔滔不绝、大而化之地描绘了他为纳粹德国恐怖的世界所制定的蓝图。
翻译的理解篇-句法
2费解句：指某些词法句法不符合中国读者和译者思维模式、句法模式而导致难以理解和翻译。
3修饰结构疑难句：修饰结构是导致句子复杂而难以翻译的句子。
4 多枝共干结构：对修饰语理解偏差而产生的歧义句。
5晦涩长句：指原文中难度大、句子繁复、作者表达晦涩以及文化背景复杂的句子。
He sat there and watched them, so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay. （浓缩型思维）
他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。（展开型思维）
相似句：看上去相似，但意义却大相径庭的两个句子，这样的句子被称为相似句或形似句。相似句对翻译的影响主要表现在以下8种类型上。
You may as well take this. 你还是收下这个的好。
You may take this as well. 你可以把这个也收下。
He foolishly spoke. 他竟然开口说话，实在很不聪明。
He spoke foolishly. 他把话讲得很不聪明。
1）语序
Anyhow, she works. 你还是收下这个的好。
She works anyhow. 你可以把这个也收下。
You may as well take this. 你还是收下这个为好。
室内设计培训
You may take this as well. 你可以把这个也收下。
He foolishly spoke. 他竟然开口说话，实在很不聪明。
He spoke foolishly. 他把话讲得很不聪明。
2）非限定动词
I regret to say that you’ll be held responsible.
遗憾的很，你要对此负责。
I regret saying that you’d be held responsible.
真抱歉，我上次不该对你说，你要对此负责。
They were engaged to carry out an important piece of rearch.
聘请他们来进行一项重要的研究项目。
They were engaged in carrying out an important piece of rearch.
他们忙于进行一项重要的研究项目。
real man3）名词的数
An old car problem may ari. 可能又引起历来已久的汽车问题。
An old cars problem may ari. 可能引起旧车（处理）的问题。
She has an eye for antique furniture. 她对古代家具具有审美眼光。
She has eyes only for antique furniture. 她只看古代家具。坑爹英文
He is behind time. 他迟到了。
He is behind the times. 他落伍了。
His success is out of question. 他必成功。
yangquan
抵牾
His success is out of the question. 他必失败。
