大学英语四级试练习卷
数列求和方法一、阅读理解
阅读理解（一）
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences,after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization,advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated,which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that the sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which the sciences are more immediately conversant.Was it the employment of a new method of rearch, or in the exerci of greater virtue in the u of the old methods,that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin?Was the long period one of arrested development,and is the modern era one of normal growth?Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
bontragerThe explanation which has become commonplace,that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their
scientific inquiries,while the moderns employ induction,proves to be too narrow,and fails upon clo examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries.For all knowledge is founded on obrvation,and proceeds from this by analysis,by synthesis and analysis,
我们这一天第二季>冒名顶替农家女上学者被解聘by induction and deduction,and if possible by verification,or by new appeals to obrvation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method;and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of the methods,or parts of one method,which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of the partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of obrvation and experiment, carelessness in obrvation,neglect of relevant facts,by appeal to experiment and obrvation—the are the faults which cau all failures to ascertain truth,whether among the ancients or the moderns;but this statement does not explain why the modern is possd of a greater virtue,and by what means he attained his superiority.Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of“facts”and“theories”or
“facts”and“ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former,and their too exclusive attention to the latter —proves also to be too narrow,as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place,the antithesis is not complete.Facts and theories are not coordinate species.Theories,if true,are facts—a particular class of facts indeed,generally complex,and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents,have all the positive attributes of theories. Nevertheless,this distinction,however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science,is well founded,and connotes an important character in true method.A fact is a proposition of simple.A theory,on the
other hand,if true has all the characteristics of a fact,except that its verification is possible only by indirect,remote,and difficult means.To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification,and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
"1.The title that best express the ideas of this passage is"
[A].Philosophy of mathematics.[B].The Recent Growth in Science.
[C].The Verification of Facts.[C].Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
witty
"2.According to the author,one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is"
[A].the similarity between the two periods.
low carbon life
[B].that it was an act of God.
[C].that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D].due to the decline of the deductive method.
"3.The difference between“fact”and“theory”"
[A].is that the latter needs confirmation.
full hou
[B].rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C].is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D].helps us to understand the deductive method.
"4.According to the author,mathematics is"
[A].an inductive science.[B].in need of simple verification.
[C].a deductive science.[D].bad on fact and theory.
"5.The statement“Theories are facts”may be called."
[A].a metaphor.[B].a paradox.
warm[C].an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D].a pun.
小学培训机构阅读理解（二）
On the36th day after they had voted,Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president:Governor George W.Bush of Texas.
Vice President Al Gore,his last realistic avenue for legal challenge clod by a U.S.Supreme Court decision late Tuesday,planned to end the contest formally in a televid evening speech of perhaps10minutes,advirs said. They said that Senator Joph Lieberman,his vice presidential run
copyright是什么意思ning mate, would first make brief comments.The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building,to the west of the White Hou.
The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr.Gore’s unprecedented fight to claw a come-from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.“The vice president has directed the recount committee to suspend activities,”William Daley,the Gore campaign chairman,said in a written statement. Mr.Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife,Tipper,and with top advirs including Mr.Daley.
He was expected to telephone Mr.Bush during the day.The Bush campaign kept
a low profile and moved gingerly,as if to leave space for Mr.Gore to contemplate his next steps.
Yet,at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focud world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida,and on courtrooms form
Miami to Tallaha to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was t to become the43d U.S.president.
The news of Mr.Gore’s plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U.S.presidenti
al election in more than a century,one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.
It was a bitter ending for Mr.Gore,who had outpolled Mr.Bush nationwide by some300000votes,but,without Florida,fell short in the Electoral College by271votes to267—the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of1876.
Mr.Gore was said to be distresd by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation’s highest court.
The5-to–4decision of the Supreme Court held,in esnce,that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr.Gore had sought,this could not be done by the Dec.12deadline for states to lect their presidential electors.
James Baker3rd,the former cretary of state who reprented Mr.Bush in the Florida dispute,issued a short statement after the U.S.high court ruling, saying that the governor was“very plead and gratified.”
Mr.Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country’s deep,aching and varied divisions.He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders,includin
g Democrats.Dick Cheney,Mr.Bush’s ruing mate,was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.
When Mr.Bush,who is54,is sworn into office on Jan.20,he will be only the cond son of a president to follow his father to the White Hou,after John
