1． The definition of a word：
A word is a minimal free form of language which has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2． Sound and Meaning：
There is no logical or intrisinc connection between a sound and what it refers to. The relation between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary or conventional. The same language can u the same sound to mean different things and the different languages u different sounds to refer to the same thing.
3． Sound and Form
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The written form of English is not an acurate reprentation of the spoken form.There are different caus of the differences between sounds and forms in the English language.
mdio1)The English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not employ the system of one single letter to stand for one sound.
2)The early scribes deliberately changed spelling of words to make a line even or for easier recogniton.
3) Dictionaries help to fix the spelling of words
4) English has borrowed many words from other languages, which may not have been assimilated .
4． Vocabulary
All the words in a language are termed as vocabulary. However, vocabulary can also be ud to refer to all the words in a book, or in a particular historical period of time, or in a dialet, or in a particular discipline, or even to all the words that a person posss.
hallowmas 5． Classification of Words
Words can be classified into the basic word stock and nonbasic word stock by u frequence, into content words and functional words by notion and into native words and borrowed words by origin.
1)The Characteristics of the Basic Word Stock
(1) All national character
(2)stability
(3)productivity
(4)polymy
(5)collocability
2)The Characteristics of borrowed words
(1)Denizens: the early borrowed words which have been assimilated and conformed to the English way of pronounciation and spelling.
(2)Aliens: the borrowed words which have retained the foreign way of pronounciation or spelling and have not been assimilated into the English language.
(3)Translation-loans: the words and expressions which are formed from the existing English materials, but modelled on the patterns of another language.
kiri>星期六英文(4)Semantic loans: Words which have not been borrowed with reference to the form, but to the meanings.lim me
3) Roles Played by the native words. Native words are limited in number, but form the core of the English language. Native words are often neutral in style and frequent in u.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. A word is the smallest form of a language.
b. A word is a sound unity.
c. A word has a given meaning.
d. A word can be ud freely in a ntence.
2. The differences between sound and form are due to
a. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.
b. stabilization of spelling by printing.
c. influence of the work of scribes.
coupon是什么意思d. innovations made by linguists.
3. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is剑桥商务英语报名
a. all national character. b. productivity. c. polymy. d. collocability.
4. Complete the following statements by supplying an appropriate term for each blank.
a. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______. (aliens)
b. There is no _______ relationship between sound and _____ as the connection between them is _______ and conventional. (intrinsic /logical meaning arbitrary)
c. _____ are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English. (Denizens)
d. Archaisms are words no longer in _____u or_____ in u. (common obsolete)
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e. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are _____. _____ words enjoy a_____ frequency in u than content words. (stable Functional higher)
f. A word who meaning was borrowed from another language is called_____. (mantic loan)
5. What is vocabulary?
Vocabulary refers to all the words in a language, including single words, compound words
and idioms on the one hand; it can also stand for words ud in a given context, a given dialect, a given historical period etc. on the other hand.last money
6. Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.
A word is a symbol that stands for something el in the world. This symbolic connection, different in various cultures, is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itlf’. A dog is called a dog not becau the sound and three letters d-o-g automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional becau people of the same speech community have agreed to denote the animal with this cluster of sounds or in the three letters. The same concept he reprented by different sounds in different languages, say /gau/ in Chine. On the other hand, the same sound can he u denote different things like meet, meat, mete .
