【00832】 英语词汇学 考前密训
考点 1：The Definition of the Word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
考点 2：The Relationships between the Sound and Meaning
A word is a symbol that stands for something el in the world. ① arbitrary ; ② conventional
考点 3：Principles of words classification
Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by u frequency, into 病句练习及答案content words
and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.
蚁人彩蛋考点 4：Characteristics of Basic Word Stock ★★★（易出选择题、填空题、简答题）
1) All national character; 2) Stability; 3) Productivity; 4) Polymy; 5) Collocability
考点 5：Nonbasic Vocabulary (非基本词汇) boos是什么意思★★★★（易出选择题、填空题、名词解释题）
① Terminology; ② Jargon; ③ Slang; ④ Argot; ⑤ Dialectal words; ⑥ 蚶子Archaisms; ⑦ Neologisms
考点 6：Borrowed Words
According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four class: ① Denizens(同化词)② Aliens(越来越不懂英文外来语词)③ Translation-loans（译借词）④ Semantic-loansbreathless是什么意思（借义词） 考点 7：The Indo-European Language Family ★★★★ （易出选择题、填空题）
The Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language.
They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern t and a Western t.
内室设计考点 8：Old English (450-1150) 古英语发展的三个阶段：
① After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.
②At the end of the 6th century, the introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary.
③In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings.
考点 9：Middle English (1150-1500)
① Old English began to undergo a great change when the Normans invaded England from France in 1066.
② By the end of the 13th century, English gradually regained social status.
③ During this period, Britain had trade relations with the low countries, especially Holland.
考点 10：Modern English（1500-up to now）
① Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England.
② In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions.
考点 11：Main sources of new words
(1) the rapid development of modern science and technology;
action是什么意思(2) social, economic and political changes;
(3) the influence of other cultures and languagescentimeter.
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考点 12：The Definition of Allomorphs
Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such
alternative morphs are known as allomorphs.
考点 13: The Definition of Affixation
Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two sub-class:
考点 14： Prefixation（前缀法）★★★★（易出选择题、填空题）
Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.
考点 15：Suffixation（后缀法）★★★★（易出选择题、填空题）
Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Suffixes have only a small mantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.
考点 16：Compounding
(1) Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.
(2) Characteristics lessthanof Compounds: ① Phonetic features② Semantic features ③ Grammatical features
(3) Formation of Compounds: ① Noun compounds ② Adjective compounds ③ Verb compounds
考点 17：The Definition of Conversion ★★★ （易出单选题、名词解释题、简答题、分析题）
Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift.
考点 18：The concept of blending（拼缀法的概念）★★★ （易出选择题、填空题、名词解释题）
Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words.
考点 19：Clipping
Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. There are four common types of clipping:
